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CNA 15
The Gastrointestinal System
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Absorption | The transfer of nutrients from the intestines to the cells |
| Anatomy | The study of body structure |
| Biology | The study of all life forms |
| Body Systems | Groups of organs that perform specific functions in the human body |
| Bowel Elimination | The physical process of releasing or emptying the colon or large intestine of solid waste, called stool or feces |
| Cells | The basic structural units of all organisms |
| Chyme | Semiliquid substance made as a result of the chemical breakdown of food in the stomach |
| Colon | The large intestine |
| Colostomy | Surgically created opening through the abdominal wall into the large intestine to allow feces to be expelled |
| Constipation | The inability to eliminate stool, or the infrequent, difficult, and often painful elimination of hard, dry, stool |
| Crohn's Disease | A disease that causes the lining of the digestive tract to become inflamed (red, sore, and swollen) |
| Defecation | The process of eliminating feces from the rectum through the anus |
| Diarrhea | Frequent elimination of liquid or semiliquid feces |
| Digestion | The process of converting food so that it can be absorbed into the blood and used by body tissue |
| Diverticulitis | Inflammation of sacs that develop in the wall of the large intestine due to diverticulosis |
| Diverticulosis | A disorder in which sac-like pouchings develop in weakened areas of the wall of the large intestine (colon) |
| Duodenum | The first part of the small intestine, where the common bile duct enters the small intestine |
| Electrolytes | Chemical substances that are essential to maintaining fluid balance and homeostasis in the body |
| Elimination | The process of expelling wastes |
| Enema | A specific amount of water or other fluid, with or without an additive, introduced into the colon to stimulate the elimination of stool |
| Fecal Impaction | A mass of dry, hard stool that remains packed in he rectum and cannot be expelled |
| Fecal Incontinence | An inability to control the muscles of the bowels, which leads to an involuntary passage of stool or gas |
| Feces | Solid body waste excreted through the anus from the large intestine; also called stool |
| Flatulence | Air in the intestine that is passed |
| Fracture Pan | A bedpan that is flatter than a regular bedpan; used for small or thin people or those who cannot lift their buttocks into a standard bedpan |
| Gastrointestinal Reflux Disease (GERD) | A chronic condition in which the liquid contents of the stomach back up into the esophagus |
| Gastrointestinal Tract | A continuous tube from the opening of the mouth all the way to the anus, where solid wastes are eliminated from the body |
| Heartburn | A condition that results from a weakening of the sphincter muscle that joins the esophagus and the stomach; also known s acid reflux |
| Hemorrhoids | Enlarged veins in the rectum that can cause itching, burning, pain, and bleeding |
| Homeostasis | The condition in which all of the body's systems are balanced and are working at their best |
| Ileostomy | Surgically created opening into the end of the small intestine, the ileum, to allow feces to be expelled |
| Ingestion | The process of taking food or fluids into the body |
| Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) | A chronic condition of the large intestine that is worsened by stress |
| Malabsorption | A condition in which the body cannot absorb or digest a particular nutrient properly |
| Occult | Hidden |
| Organ | A structural unit in the human body that performs a specific function |
| Ostomy | Surgical creation of an opening from an area inside the body to the outside |
| Pathophysiology | The study of the disorders that occur in the body |
| Peristalsis | Muscular contraction that push food through the gastrointestinal tract |
| Physiology | The study of the how body parts function |
| Portable Commode | A chair with a toilet seat and removable container underneath that is used for elimination; also called bedside commode |
| Rectal Suppository | A medication in a cylindrical shape that is given rectally to cause a bowel movement |
| Specimen | A sample, such as tissue, blood, urine, stool, or sputum, used for analysis and diagnosis |
| Stoma | An artificial opening in the body |
| Stool | Solid body waste excreted through the anus from the large intestine; also called feces |
| Tissues | A group of cells that performs similar tasks |
| Ulcerative Colitis | A chronic inflammatory disease of the large intestine |
| Urostomy | Surgical creation of an opening for the passage of urine |
Created by:
Lahp16
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