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Chabner12-Ch08Vocab
Chabner, Language of Medicine 12th Ed, Chapter 08 Vocabulary
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| abortion | Termination of pregnancy before the embryo or fetus can exist on its own. |
| abruptio placentae | Premature separation of the normally implanted placenta. |
| adnexa uteri | Fallopian tubes, ovaries, and supporting ligaments. |
| amenorrhea | Absence of menstrual flow. |
| amniocentesis | [amni/o -centesis (surgical puncture to remove fluid / amnion)] -- Puncture with a needle to withdraw fluid from within the amniotic sac. |
| amnion | Innermost membrane surrounding the embryo and fetus. |
| amniotic fluid | Fluid contained within the amniotic sac surrounding the embryo and fetus. |
| anovulatory | Pertaining to the absence of ovulation. |
| Apgar score | System of scoring an infant's physical condition from 1 to 5 minutes after birth. Assesses heart rate, respiration, colour, muscle tone, and response to stimuli. |
| areola | Dark-pigmented area surrounding the breast nipple. |
| Bartholin glands | Small mucus-secreting exocrine glands at the vaginal orifice. |
| bartholinitis | Inflammation of Bartholin glands. |
| breast cancer | Malignant tumour of the breast (arising from milk glands and ducts) |
| carcinoma in situ | Early, localized form of cancer, confined to its site of origin. |
| cauterization | Destruction of tissue by burning. |
| cephalic version | Procedure for turning the fetus so that its head is the presenting part to enter the birth canal first. |
| cervical cancer | Malignant cells within the cervix. Carcinoma of the cervix. |
| cervical dysplasia | Abnormal cell growth within the cervix. |
| cervicitis | Inflammation of the cervix. |
| cervix | Lower, neck-like portion of the uterus |
| cesarean section | Surgical incision of the abdominal wall and uterus to deliver a fetus. |
| choriocarcinoma | Malignant tumour of the placenta. |
| chorion | Outermost membrane surrounding the embryo and fetus; it forms the fetal part of the placenta. |
| chorionic | Pertaining to the chorion. |
| chorionic villus sampling | [CVS] -- Sampling of the placental tissues (chorionic villi) for prenatal diagnosis. |
| clitoris | Organ of sensitive erectile tissue anterior to the opening of the female urethra. |
| coitus | Sexual intercourse. |
| colposcopy | Visual examination of the vagina using an endoscope. |
| conization | Removal of a cone-shaped section (cone biopsy) of the cervix. |
| corpus luteum | [yellow (luteum) body (corpus)] -- Empty ovarian follicle that secretes progesterone after release of the egg cell. |
| cryosurgery | Use of subfreezing temperature to destroy tissue. a.k.a. cryocauterization |
| cul-de-sac | Region in the lower abdomen, midway between rectum and uterus |
| culdocentesis | Needle aspiration of fluid from the cul-de-sac. |
| dermoid cysts | [Benign cystic teratomas] -- Bening ovarian sacs arising from immature egg cells in the ovary and containing a variety of cell types. |
| dilatation | Widening of a vessel or opening. |
| dilation and curettage | [D&C] -- Widening the cervix and scraping off the endometrial lining of the uterus. |
| Down syndrome | Chromosomal abnormality (trisomy 21). |
| dysmenorrhea | Painful, difficult menses. |
| dyspareunia | Painful sexual intercourse. |
| dystocia | Difficult childbirth. |
| ectopic pregnancy | Implantation of the fertilized egg outside of the uterus. |
| embryo | Stage in prenatal development from 2 to 8 weeks. |
| endocervicitis | Inflammation of the inner lining of the (uterine) cervix. |
| endometrial cancer | Malignant tumour of the uterine lining (adenocarcinoma). Carcinoma of the endometrium. |
| endometriosis | Abnormal condition of endometrial tissue located outside the uterus. |
| endometritis | Inflammation of the inner lining of the uterus. |
| endometrium | Inner, mucous membrane lining of the uterus |
| episiotomy | Incision of the vulva (perineum) to widen the opening of the vagina during a difficult childbirth. |
| estrogen | Female hormone produced by the ovaries; promotes secondary sex characteristics and supports reproductive tissues. |
| exenteration | Removal of internal organs within a cavity. |
| fallopian tube | One of a pair of ducts through which the ovum travels to the uterus. a.k.a. oviduct |
| fertilization | Union of spearm and ovum from which a zygote (book says embryo) develops. |
| fetal monitoring | Continuous recording of the fetal heart rate and maternal uterine contractions to assess fetal status and the progress of labour. |
| fetal presentation | Manner in which the fetus enters the birth canal (vagina). |
| fetus | Stage in prenatal development from 8 weeks to birth. |
| fibrocystic breast disease | Numerous small sacs of fluid surrounded by dense strandes of fibrous tissue in the breast. |
| fibroids | [leiomyomas] -- Benign tumours of the uterus. |
| fimbriae | Finger or fringe-like projections at the end of the fallopian tubes. |
| fine needle aspiration | Withdrawal of fluid or tissue from a cyst or solid mass by suction with a needle. |
| follicle-stimulating hormone | [FSH] -- Secreted by the pituitary gland to stimulate maturation of the egg cell (ovum) |
| galactorrhea | Excessive or abnormal secretion of milk after breast-feeding has ended. |
| gamete | Male or female sexual reproductive cell. (sperm cell or ovum) |
| genitalia | Reproductive organs. a.k.a. genitals. |
| gestation | Time period from fertilization of the ovum to birth. a.k.a. pregnancy |
| gonad | Female or male reproductive organ that produces sex cells and hormones. (ovary (f) or testis (m)) |
| gynecology | Study of the female reproductive organs, including the breasts. |
| gynecomastia | Female-like breast enlargement in a male. |
| hemolytic disease of the newborn | [HDN] -- Destruction of red blood cells in the newborn caused by a blood group (Rh factor) incompatibility between the mother and the fetus. |
| human chorionic gonadotropin | [hCG] -- Hormone produced by the placenta to sustain pregnancy by stimulating (-tropin) the ovaries to produce estrogen and progesterone. |
| hydrocephalus | Abnormal accumulation of cerebrospinal fluid in the ventricles (canals) of the brain. |
| hymen | Mucous membrane partially or completely covering the opening to the vagina. |
| hysterectomy | Removal of the uterus. |
| hysterosalpingography | X-ray imaging of the uterus and fallopian tubes after injection of contrast material. |
| hysteroscopy | Visual examination (endoscopic) of the uterus. |
| in vitro fertilization | [IVF] -- Egg and sperm cells are combined outside the body in a laboratory dish (in vitro) to facilitate fertilization. |
| infant respiratory distress syndrome | [IRDS] -- Acute lung disease commonly seen in the premature newborn. |
| inframammary | Pertaining to below the breast. |
| intrauterine device | [IUD] -- Device inserted by a physician into the uterus to prevent pregnancy. |
| involution | Shrinking of the uterus to its normal size after childbirth. |
| labia | Lips of the vagina; labia majora are the larger, outermost lips, and labia minora are the smaller, innermost lips. |
| lactation | Production of milk. |
| lactiferous ducts | Tubes that carry milk from the mammary glands to the nipple. |
| laparoscopy | [lapar/o -scopy (visual examination / abdomen)] -- visual examination of the abdominal cavity |
| leiomyomas | [fibroids] |
| leukorrhea | White to yellow discharge from the vagina. |
| luteinizing hormone | [LH] -- Secreted by the pituitary gland to promote ovulation. |
| mammary papilla | Nipple of the breast. A "papilla" is any small, nipple-shaped projection. |
| mammography | X-ray imaging of the breast. |
| mammoplasty | Surgical repair of the breast (augmentation or reduction surgery) |
| mastectomy | Removal (excision) of the breast. |
| mastitis | Inflammation of the breast. |
| meconium | Newborn's first faeces. [online] |
| meconium aspiration syndrome | Abnormal inhalation of meconium produced by a fetus or newborn. |
| menarche | Beginning of the first menstrual period and ability to reproduce. |
| menometrorrhagia | Excessive uterine bleeding during menstruation and also between menstrual periods. |
| menopause | Gradual ending of menstruation. |
| menorrhagia | Abnormally heavy or long menstrual periods. |
| menorrhea | [menstruation] |
| menstruation | Monthly shedding of the lining of the uterus. a.k.a. menses |
| metrorrhagia | Bleeding at irregular intervals between expected menstrual periods. |
| multigravida | Woman who has been pregnant more than once. |
| multipara | Woman who has delivered more than one viable infant. |
| multiple gestation | Presence of more than one embryo developing in the uterus during pregnancy. |
| myomectomy | Removal of muscle tumours (fibroids) from the uterus. |
| myometrium | Muscle layer of the uterus |
| neonatal | Pertaining to a new birth. |
| neonatology | Study of the medical care of the newborn (neonate). |
| nulligravida | Woman who has never been pregnant. |
| nullipara | Woman who has never given birth to an infant. |
| obstetrics | Branch of medicine and surgery concerned with pregnancy and childbirth. |
| oligomenorrhea | Scanty menstrual flow. |
| oocyte | Immature egg cell from which an ovum develops. |
| oogenesis | Formation of ova (egg cells) |
| oophorectomy | Removal of an ovary. |
| oophoritis | Inflammation of an ovary. |
| orifice | An opening. |
| ovarian | Pertaining to an ovary. |
| ovarian cancer | [ovarian carcinoma] -- Malignant tumour of the ovary (adenocarcinoma). |
| ovarian cysts | Fluid-filled sacs within the ovary. |
| ovarian follicle | Developing sac enclosing each ovum within the ovary. Only about 400 of these sacs mature in a woman's lifetime. |
| ovary | One of a pair of female organs (gonads) on each side of the pelvis. |
| ovulation | Release of the ovum from the ovary. |
| ovum | Mature egg cell (female gamete). Ova develop from immature egg cells called oocytes. |
| oxytocia | Rapid labour and childbirth. |
| oxytocin | Hormone secreted by the posterior lobe of the pituitary gland. Stimulates contractions of the uterus during childbirth. |
| palpation | Examining by touch. |
| Pap test | [Pap smear] -- Microscopic examination of stained cells removed from the vagina and cervix. |
| parturition | Act of giving birth. |
| pelvic inflammatory disease | Inflammation and infection of organs in the pelvis and abdomen: salpingitis, oophoritis, endometritis, endocervicitis. |
| pelvic ultrasonography | Recording of images of sound waves as they bounce off organs in the pelvic region. |
| perimetrium | Outermost layer of the uterus. a.k.a. uterine serosa |
| perineorrhaphy | Suture of the perineum following an episiotomy. |
| perineum | In females, the area between the anus and the vagina. |
| pituitary gland | Endocrine gland at the base of the brain. |
| placenta | Vascular organ attached to the uterine wall during pregnancy. |
| placenta previa | Implantation of the placenta over the cervical opening or in the lower region of the uterus. |
| preeclampsia | Abnormal condition associated with pregnancy, marked by high blood pressure, proteinuria, edema, and headache. |
| pregnancy | [see: gestation] |
| pregnancy test | Blood or urine test to detect the presence of hCG. |
| prenatal | Pertaining to before birth. |
| primigravida | Woman during her first pregnancy. |
| primipara | Woman who has given birth to her first child. |
| primiparous | Pertaining to a woman to has given birth to her first child. |
| progesterone | Hormone produced by the corpus luteum in the ovary and the placenta of pregnant women. |
| pseudocyesis | False pregnancy. |
| puberty | Period of adolescent development at which secondary sex characteristics appear and gametes are produced. |
| pyloric stenosis | Narrowing of the pyloric sphincter. Often occurs in infants between birth and 6 months of age. |
| pyosalpinx | Pus in the fallopian tube. |
| retroversion | Tipping backward of an organ or a part of the body. As in the uterus. |
| salpingectomy | Removal of a fallopian tube. |
| salpingitis | Inflammation of a fallopian tube. |
| tubal ligation | Blocking of the fallopian tubes to prevent fertilization from occuring. |
| uterine prolapse | Sagging or drooping of the uterus. |
| uterus | Hollow, pear-shaped muscular female organ in which the embryo and fetus develop, and from which menstruation occurs. |
| vagina | Muscular, mucosa-lined canal extending from the uterus to the exterior of the body. |
| vaginal orifice | Opening of the vagina to the exterior of the body. |
| vaginitis | Inflammation of the vagina. |
| vulva | External female genitalia; includes the labia, hymen, clitoris, and vaginal orifice. |
| vulvodynia | Pain in the female genitalia. |
| vulvovaginitis | Inflammation of hte vulva and vagina. |
| zygote | Stage in prenatal development from fertilization and implantation up to 2 weeks. |
| uterine serosa | the layer of tissue coating the outside of the uterus. [google] |
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