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Ancient Greece

Here are the vocabulary terms on Ancient Greece

QuestionAnswer
Impact of Greek Geography Greece is very mountainous and there is not a lot of fertile land. People had to depend on the seas for fishing and trading because of a lack of natural resources. Government was not unified in ancient Greece because the mountains caused geographic isolation. City-States that governed themselves were formed.
Polis Greek term for city-state
Athens one of the strongest city-states in ancient Greece. Had a very strong army. *Birthplace of democracy.
Sparta one of the strongest city-states in ancient Greece. Had a very strong navy. Militaristic city-state. Women had more rights in Sparta than in Athens.
Direct Democracy Citizens in a direct democracy have the right to vote on every decision made by the city-state.
Militaristic When a government's main focus is on building up the military. Sparta was a militaristic city-state. Most of their resources went into building military. Boys were training for the military from the time they were 7 years old.
Homer Blind poet who wrote the epics: Iliad and Odyssey about the Trojan Wars.
Causes of the Persian Wars Ionian Greeks living in Persian territory wanted to break free. They revolted and Persian army stopped them. Athens sent troops to help the Ionian Greeks which angered the Persian leader. He invaded mainland Greece to teach them a lesson.
Battle at Marathon Naval battle between Athenians and Persians.
Battle of Thermopile Spartans sent 300 soldiers to help Athens fight the Persians. Spartans were killed, but it gave the Athenians time to rebuild and be able to fight against the Persians.
Effects of the Persian Wars Persians lost the wars. When the Greeks win, they believe the gods helped them. Increases their belief in nationalism (extreme pride in their country/city-state in this case). Creates ethnocentrism within Athens (believing they are the best in the world). Athens goes through a GOLDEN AGE. Athens creates the Delian League-they invite allies to join, but they DO NOT INCLUDE SPARTA! Eventually, this leads to war between Athens and Sparta.
Delian League Created by Athens after the end of the Persian Wars to create alliances with city-states in Greece (in case of invasion again). *Athens did NOT invite Sparta to be a part of the league, which causes tension between the two city-states.
Pericles strongest leader of Athens: leader during Athenian Golden Age.
Parthenon Built as a temple for God Athena. Became a symbol of democracy.
Socrates Greek Philosopher: Wanted students to defend points and think for themselves..
Plato Greek Philosopher: believed that only the best-educated people should participate in government.
Aristotle Greek Philosopher: Believed that for a government to function correctly, the power should be held by the middle class.
Hippocrates One of the world's first physicians: Drafted an oath for sound and ethical medical practice that doctors still recite today...
Pythagoras Prominent Greek mathematician: studied lines and shapes came up with the Pythagorean theorem.
Phalanx an ancient Greek military formation for battle.
Greek Tragedy A play where the title character undergoes tragic events and dies in the end of the play..
Sophocles Greek writer of tragedies (wrote Oedipus Rex).
Greek Religion Polytheistic; believed that everything that happened was the will of the gods.
Olympics Greeks invented them; they were held to honor the gods; Greek life revolved around outdoors, so Olympic games made perfect sense.
Myceneans People who settled in the Greek mainland around 2000 B.C. and later fought against Troy. Influenced the militaristic culture of Ancient Sparta.
Minoans earliest Greek civilization that had developed on the island of Crete by 2000 B.C. Had an impact on the way the Greeks sailed and relied on the Aegean Sea.
Trojan War In Greek epic poems and myths, a ten-year war between Mycenae and the city of Troy in Asia Minor. Written in Homers Iliad.
Iliad and Odyssey Greek legends written by Homer.
Iliad a Greek epic poem (attributed to Homer) describing the siege of Troy.
Achilles Immortal man, vulnerable only in his Achillies region. Mycenaean hero of the Trojan War.
Helen of Troy The world's most beautiful woman left her husband for Paris. Face that launched a thousand ships and started the Trojan War.
Hector (Greek mythology) a mythical Trojan who was killed by Achilles during the Trojan War
Paris Prince of Troy that stole Helen from Meneleus the brother of the King of Mycenae (Agamemnon).
Agamemnon (Greek mythology) the king who led the Greeks against Troy in the Trojan War.
Meneleus His wife is Helen. His brother is Agamenon. He is one of the Greek warriors in the Iliad.
Peloponnesian War a civil war between Athens and Sparta that threatened to tear all of Greece apart.
Results (effects) of the Peloponnesian War Weakened faith in Democracy. Depopulation of Greek city-states. Led to the destruction of farmland. Led to the destruction of architecture. Weakened Greece allowing for outside invasion to occur (Macedonian's take over).
Alexander the Great Macedonian King who took over the known world and was responsible for spreading Greek culture to Egypt and Persia (Middle East).
Cultural Diffusion The spread of ideas, customs, and technologies from one people to another (blending of cultures).
Hellenistic Culture mix of Greek, Persian, Egyptian, and Indian traditions (cultures) that was spread by Alexander the Great.
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