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Chabner12-Ch21Vocab
Chabner, Language of Medicine 12th Ed., Chapter 21 Vocabulary
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| ACE inhibitor | [Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme inhibitor] -- Drug that lowers blood pressure by dilating blood vessels (antihypertensive) |
| addiction | Physical and psychological dependence on and craving for a drug. |
| additive action | Drug action in which the combination of two similar drugs is equal to the sum of the effects of each. |
| aerosol | Particles of drug suspended in air and inhaled. |
| amphetamine | Central nervous system stimulant. |
| analgesic | Drug that relieves pain. |
| anaphylaxis | Exaggerated hypersensitivity reaction to a previously encountered drug or foreign protein. |
| androgen | Male hormone secreted by the testes; responsible for developing and maintaining male secondary sex characteristics. |
| anesthesia | Absence of nervous feeling or sensation (Canada: anaesthesia) |
| anesthetic | Drug that reduces or eliminates nervous sensation; general and local (Canada: anaesthetic) |
| angiotensin II receptor blocker | Drug that lowers blood pressure by preventing angiotensis from acting on receptors in blood vessels. |
| antacid | Drug that neutralizes acid in the stomach. |
| antagonistic action | Combination of two drugs gives less than an additive effect (action). |
| antiandrogen | Drug that blocks the formation of interferes with their effect in tissues. |
| antiarrythmic | Drug that treats abnormal heart rhythms. |
| antibiotic | [anti- bi/o -tic (pertaining to / against / life)] -- destroy or inhibit growth of organism |
| anticoagulant | Substance that prevents blood clotting. |
| anticonvulsant | Drug that prevents convulsions and seizures. |
| antidepressant | Drug that releives symptoms of depression. |
| antidiabetic | Drug given to prevent or treat diabetes mellitus. |
| antidiarrheal | Drug that prevents diarrhea. |
| antidote | Agent given to counteract an unwanted effect of a drug. |
| antiemetic | Drug that prevents nausea and vomiting. |
| antihistamine | Drug that blocks the action of histamine and helps prevent symptoms of allergy. |
| antimicrobial | Agent that kills microorganisms or stops their growth. |
| antinauseant | Drug that relieves nausea and vomiting; antiemetic |
| antiplatelet | Drug that reduces the tendency of platelets to stick together and form a clot. |
| antipruritic | Drug that acts against itching (pruritus) |
| antipyretic | Drug that lowers fever. |
| antiulcer | Drug that inhibits the secretion of acid by cells lining the stomach. |
| antiviral | Drug that acts against viruses such as the herpes virus and HIV. |
| aromatase inhibitor | Drug that reduces estrogen in the blood by blocking the enzyme aromatase |
| beta blocker | Drug used to treat high blood pressure and control heart rate. |
| bisphosphonate | Drug that prevents bone loss in osteoporosis and osteopenia |
| brand name | Commercial name for a drug; trademark or trade name. |
| bronchodilator | Agent that dilates blood vessels and relieves bronchospasm. |
| caffeine | Central nervous system stimulant. |
| calcium channel blocker | Cardiovascular drug used to treat chest pain (angina) and high blood pressure(hypertension). |
| cardiac glycoside | Drug that treats heart failure by increasing force of contraction of the heart; digoxin is an example. |
| cardiovascular drug | Drug that treats the heart and blood vessels. Includes: ACE inhibitors, diuretics, beta blockers, and calcium channel blockers. |
| cathartic | Drug that relieves constipation. |
| chemical name | Chemical formula for a drug. |
| chemotherapy | Treatment using drugs. |
| cholesterol-binding drug | Binds to dietary cholesterol and prevents its uptake from the gastrointestinal tract. |
| cholesterol-lowering drug | Lowers cholesterol by preventing its production by the liver; statin |
| contraindications | Factors that prevent the use of a drug or treatment. |
| controlled substances | (Canada, legal term) Any type of drug that the federal government has categorized as having a higher-than-average potential for abuse or addiction. |
| dependence | Physiologic need for a drug with prolonged use. |
| diuretic | Drug that promotes or increases the production of urine (diuresis) |
| dose | Amount of drug administered, usually measured in milligrams (mg) |
| emetic | Drug that promotes vomitting. |
| endocrine drug | Hormone or hormone-like drug. Androgens, estrogens, and glucocorticoids. |
| erythromycin | Antibiotic that is extracted from red (erythr/o) mold (-mycin) |
| estrogen | Female hormone produced by the ovaries; promotes secondary sex characteristics and supports reproductive tissues. |
| gastrointestinal drug | Drug that treats conditions of the stomach and intestinal tract. |
| generic name | Legal noncommercial name for a drug. |
| glucocorticoid | Hormone secreted by the pancreas (alpha islet cells); increases blood glucose by conversion of glycogen to glucose. |
| hypdermic | Pertaining to under the skin. |
| hypnotic | Drug that promotes sleep or a trance-like state (hypnosis) |
| iatrogenic | Condition caused by treament (drugs or procedures) given by physicians or medical personnel. |
| idiosyncratic reaction | Unexpected effect produced in a particularly sensitive patient but not seen in most people. |
| inhalation | Breathing in; inspiration. Administration of drugs in gaseous or vapour form through the nose or mouth. |
| intrathecal | Pertaining to within the membranes (meninges) surrounding the brain and spinal cord. |
| intravenous | [intra- ven/o -us (structure / inside / vein)] -- Pertaining to within a vein. |
| laxative | Weak cathartic; promotes movement of feces through the colon. |
| medicinal chemistry | Study of new drug synthesis; relationship between chemical structure and biological effects. |
| molecular pharmacology | Study of the interaction of drugs and their target molecules such as enzymes, or cell surface receptors. |
| narcotic | Habit-forming drug that relieves pain by producing stupor and insensibility; morphine and opium. |
| oral administration | Drugs are given by mouth. |
| parenteral administration | Drugs are given by injection into the skin, muscles, or veins (any route other than the digestive tract). Includes: subcutaneous, intradermal, intramuscular, intravenous, intrathecal, and intracavitary injections and instillations. |
| pharmacist | Specialist in preparing and dispensing drugs. |
| pharmacodynamics | Study of drug effects within the body. |
| pharmacokinetics | Study of drug absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion over period of time. |
| pharmacologist | Specialist in the study of the properties, uses, and side effects of drugs. |
| pharmacology | Study of the preparation, properties, uses, and side effects of drugs. |
| pharmacy | Location for preparing and dispensing drugs; study of preparing and dispensing drugs. |
| progestin | Hormone that stimulates the uterine lining during pregnancy and is used in treatment of abnormal uterine bleeding and hormone replacement therapy. |
| purgative | Drug that relieves constipation and is a strong cathartic. |
| receptor | Target substance with which a drug interacts in the body. |
| rectal administration | Drugs are inserted through the anus into the rectum. |
| resistance | Lack of beneficial response; seen when drugs are unable to control the disease process. |
| respiratory drug | Treats asthma, emphysema, and infections that affect breathing. |
| response | Desired and beneficial effect of a drug. |
| schedule | Exact timing and frequency of drug administration. |
| sedative | Drug that induces calmness, promotes sleep, and helps lessen anxiety. |
| side effect | Adverse reaction, usually minor, that routinely results from the use of a drug. |
| stimulant | Drug that excites and promotes activity. |
| subcutaneous | Pertaining to under the skin. |
| sublingual administration | Drugs are given by placement under the tongue. |
| synergism | Combination of two drugs causes an effect that is greater than the sum of the individual effects of each drug alone. |
| synergistic | Pertaining to synergism. |
| syringe | Instrument (tube) for introducing or withdrawing fluids from the body. |
| thyroid hormone | Secretion from the thyroid gland that stimulates cellular metabolism. |
| tolerance | Larger and larger drug doses must be given to achieve the desired effect. Patient becomes resistant to the action of a drug as treatment progresses. |
| topical application | Drugs are applied locally on the skin or mucous membranes of the body. |
| toxic | Pertaining to a toxin (a poisonous or harmful substance) |
| toxicity | Harmful effects of a drug. |
| toxicology | Study of harmful chemicals and their effects on the body. |
| toxin | A poisonous or harmful substance. |
| tranquilizer | Drug that controls anxiety and severe disturbances of behaviour. |
| transport | Movement of a drug across a cell membrane into body cells. |
| vasodilator | Drug that widens blood vessels. |
| vitamin | Substance found in foods and essential in small quantities for growth and good health. |
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