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history get a 98 bru
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Causes of Imperialism | European countries seeking raw materials and new markets |
| Bolsheviks | Leaders of the Russian Communist Revolution |
| Communist Manifesto | Outlined Karl Marx’s idea that laborers would seize means of production |
| Bourgeoisie | Merchants were part of the middle class in France known as the |
| Boxer Rebellion | Sought to prevent enemies of the revolution and foreign invasion |
| Causes of FR Revolution | Starvation, Estates System, national debt |
| Berlin Conference | This established European imperialist boundaries of African land |
| Cecil Rhodes | Used wealth to build railroads and telephone lines in Africa |
| Boer War | Wars fought over British and Dutch possession of South Africa |
| Economic Warfare | Britain convinced the US to stop exporting food and supplies to Germany |
| German Confederation | Congress of Vienna created these 39 loosely connected German states |
| Diderot | Created the first encyclopedia |
| Mazzini | Earliest Italian revolutionary leade |
| Declaration of Rights of Man and Citizen | Expressed the enlightenment concept of Natural Law |
| Galileo | nvented the first telescope |
| Cotton Gin | Created immediate high demand for slaves in the US |
| Congress of Vienna | Meeting to create a balance of power in Europe after Napoleon was defeated |
| First Estate | Social class in France comprised of clergy, nobles, and monarchy |
| Conservatism | Supporting tradition and against radical change |
| First Battle of the Marne | Prevented Germany from advancing toward Paris for a quick victory in France |
| Causes of Industrial Revolution in England | Abundance of coal & iron, advancements in textile technology, wealth for investments |
| Locke | Believed people were born with natural rights including life, liberty, and property |
| Stalin | Communist leader who transformed the USSR into a police state |
| Newton | Discovered the Law of Gravity |
| Rousseau | He said people are naturally good but corrupted by society |
| Guillotine | Method of execution used during the Reign of Terro |
| Kulturkampf | Otto von Bismarck’s anti-Catholic policies |
| Metternich | Strong conservative leader at the Congress of Vienna |
| India | “Brightest Jewel in the Crown of the British Empire |
| Laissez Faire | Hands off” government in economy |
| National Assembly | Created by the Third Estate to draft a French constitution |
| Meiji Restoration | Era of modernization and westernization in Japan |
| Napoleonic Code | Established freedom of religion, public school system, enlightenment ideas supported |
| Louis XVI (16 th) | Executed by French revolutionaries |
| Monroe Doctrine | US foreign policy to protect the western hemisphere from foreign influence |
| League of Nations | Peace organization created after WWI; ultimately failed |
| Militarism | Strong nationalistic military support |
| Robespierre | Tyrannical leader of the Committee for Public Safety |
| Montesquieu | Created the enlightenment idea of three branches of government |
| Liberia and Abyssinia (Ethiopia) | only African countries to remain politically independent following the “scramble for Africa” |
| Scientific Revolution | Changed intellectual authority from ancient scholars and religious leaders |
| Reign of Terror | Used execution and violence to eliminate opponents |
| Red Shirts | Giuseppe Garibaldi’s volunteer army |
| Realpolitik | Otto von Bismarck’s political policy that power is more important than ideology |
| Nationalism | Pride in national identity, main cause of WWI |
| Sepoy Mutiny | Result was British government took direct command of India |
| Open Door Policy | The United States pursued this policy for trade with East Asia |
| Opium Wars | This loss to British forced China into unequal treaties |
| Principle of Legitimacy | The belief that monarchies are the rightful leaders of Europe |
| Spanish-American War | Allowed the US to control Guam, Puerto Rico, and the Philippines |
| Spheres of Influence | China divided up by the Western Imperial powers |
| The Wealth of Nations | Explained Adam Smith’s ideas of capitalism |
| Social Darwinism | Ideology used by Europeans to justify imperialism adapted from evolution |
| Social Contract Theory | Locke’s idea that citizens give their rights to the government to protect—AKA “consent of the governed” |
| The Social Contract (book) | Outlined Rousseau’s ideas of government protection of rights |
| Tenements | Poorly built and crowded apartments for industrial workers |
| Storming of the Bastille | Represents the beginning of the French Revolution |
| Tennis Court Oath | Signed to propose a new French constitution |
| Steam Engine | Powered several industrial inventions |
| Total War | All parts of society involved in war |
| Hobbes | Believed people are naturally evil and need strong government |
| Zollverein | Bismarck’s economic alliance between German States |
| Trench Warfare | Created stalemates during WWI |
| Triple Entente | England, France and Russia later known as Allied Powers |
| Women’s March on Versailles | Forced Louis XVI and Marie Antoinette out of Versailles |
| Triple Alliance | Germany, Italy and Austria-Hungary |
| Treaty of Versailles (1919) | ncluded these punishments for Germany: $30 in reparations, demilitarization, decolonization |
| Urbanization | Movement of people to cities |
| White Man’s Burden | White Man’s Burden |
| Zimmerman Telegram | Proposed military alliance between Germany and Mexico against the US |
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melon 23e4r
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