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medical terms final
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| greek and latin | medical language is made up of two languages: |
| eponym | a word formed by including the name of the person who discovered or invented what's being described. sometimes a disease is named after the first victim |
| acronym | means "to make a name with the ends", making a word out of the first letters of each word describing the thing. like MRI (magnetic resonance imaging) |
| greece, rome | the foundations of western medicine were in ancient _______ and ______. |
| Hippocrates | the father of western medicine |
| latin | the global language of the scientific revolution |
| health care | each medical word is a description of some aspect of ________ _______. |
| ultima | the last syllable of a word, meaning "last" |
| penult | "almost the last", second to last syllable of a word |
| antepenult | third to last syllable of a word |
| root | foundation or subject of the term |
| suffix | ending that gives essential meaning to the term |
| prefix | added to the beginning of a term when needed to further modify the root |
| arthr/o | root that means "joint" |
| cardi/o | root that means "heart" |
| enter/o | root that means "small intestine" |
| gastr/o | root that means "stomach" |
| hepat/o | root that means "liver" |
| neur/o | root that means "nerve" |
| hem/o | root that means "blood" |
| hemat/o | root that means "blood" (not hemo) |
| my/o | root that means "muscle" |
| muscul/o | root that means "muscle" (not myo) |
| angi/o | root that means "vessel" |
| vas/o | root that means "vessel" (not angio nor vasculo) |
| vascul/o | root that means "vessel" (not angio nor vaso) |
| derm/o | root that means "skin" |
| dermat/o | root that means skin |
| cutane/o | root that means skin" |
| pneum/o or pneumon/o | roots that mean "lung" |
| pulmon/o | alt root for "lung |
| gen/o | root that means "creation/cause" |
| hydr/o | root that means "water" |
| morph/o | root that means "change" |
| myc/o | root that means fungus |
| necr/o | root that means death |
| orth/o | root that means straight |
| path//o | root that means suffering/disease |
| phag/o | root that means eat |
| plas/o | root that means formation |
| py/o | root that means pus |
| scler/o | root that means hard |
| sten/o | root that means narrowing |
| troph/o | root that means nourishment/development |
| xen/o | root that means foreign |
| -ac | suffix: pertaining to |
| -al | suffix: pertaining to |
| -ar | suffix: pertaining to |
| -ary | suffix: pertaining to |
| -eal | suffix: pertaining to |
| -ic | suffix: pertaining to |
| -tic | suffix: pertaining to |
| -ous | suffix: pertaining to |
| -ia | suffix: condition |
| -ism | suffix: condition |
| -ium | suffix: tissue/structure |
| -y | suffix: condition/procedure |
| dimunitive | when added to a root, suffixes that transform a term's meaning to a smaller version of the root |
| -icle | suffix: small |
| -ole | suffix: small |
| -ule | suffix: small |
| -ula | suffix: small |
| complex suffix | suffixes with more parts, can be referred to as compound or combination suffixes because they can be formed from other suffixes |
| -iatrics or -iatry | suffix: pediatrics |
| -iatrist | suffix meaning specialist in medicine of |
| -ist | suffix meaning specialist |
| -logist | suffix meaning specialist in the study of |
| -logy | suffix meaning study of |
| -algia/-dynia | suffix meaning pain |
| -cele | suffix meaning hernia |
| -emia | suffix meaning blood condition |
| -iasis | suffix meaning presence of |
| -itis | suffix meaning inflammation |
| -lysis | suffix meaning loosen/break down |
| -malacia | suffix meaning abnormal softening |
| -megaly | suffix meaning enlargement |
| -oid | suffix meaning resembling |
| -oma | suffix meaning tumor |
| -osis | suffix meaning condition |
| -pathy | suffix meaning disease |
| -penia | suffix meaning deficiency |
| -ptosis | suffix meaning drooping |
| -rrhage/-rrhagia | suffix meaning excessive flow |
| -rrhea | suffix meaning flow |
| -rrhexis | suffix meaning rupture |
| -spasm | suffix meaning involuntary contraction |
| -centesis | suffix meaning puncture |
| -gram | suffix meaning written record |
| -graph | suffix meaning instrument used to produce a record |
| -graphy | suffix meaning writing procedure |
| -meter | suffix meaning instrument used to measure |
| -metry | suffix meaning process of measuring |
| -scope | suffix meaning instrument used to look |
| -scopy | suffix meaning process of looking |
| -desis | suffix meaning binding/fixation |
| -ectomy | suffix meaning removal |
| -pexy | suffix meaning surgical fixation |
| -plasty | suffix meaning reconstruction |
| -rrhaphy | suffix meaning suture |
| -stomy | suffix meaning creation of an opening |
| -tomy | suffix meaning incision |
| -ae | plural for -a |
| -aces | plural for -ax |
| -ices | plural for -ex and -ix |
| -es | plural for -is |
| -mata | plural for -ma |
| -a | plural for -on and -um |
| -i | plural for -us |
| -ies | plural for -y |
| a- or an- | prefix for not |
| anti- or contra- | prefix for against |
| de- | prefix for down, away from |
| ante- or pre- | prefix meaning before |
| pro- | prefix for before/on behalf of |
| brady- | prefix for slow |
| tachy- | prefix for fast |
| post- | prefix for after |
| re- | prefix for again |
| ab- | prefix for away |
| ad- | prefix for toward |
| circum- and peri- | prefix for around |
| dia- and trans- | prefix for through |
| e-/ec-/ex- | prefixes for out |
| ecto-/exo-/extra- | prefixes for outside |
| en-/endo-/intra- | prefixes for in/inside |
| epi- | prefix for upon |
| sub- | prefix for beneath |
| inter- | prefix for between |
| bi- | prefix for two |
| hemi- and semi- | prefixes for half |
| hyper- | prefix for over |
| hypo- | prefix for under |
| macro- | prefix for large |
| micro- | prefix for small |
| mono- or uni- | prefix for one |
| oligo- | prefix for few |
| pan- | prefix for all |
| poly- or multi- | prefix for many |
| con-/syn-/sym | prefixes for with/together |
| dys- | prefix for bad |
| eu- | prefix for good |
| combining vowel | vowel that makes it easier to combine a root with other word parts when needed |
| combining form | a combination of a root with a combining vowel |
| splenomegaly | enlargement of the spleen |
| hepatosplenomegaly | enlargement of the liver and spleen |
| suffix, prefix, root | order in which to interpret a term |
| read the word | first step to interpret |
| say the word | second step to interpret |
| break the word into parts | third step to interpret |
| translate the parts | fourth step to interpret |
| reassemble the pieces into a statement | fifth step to interpret |
| EHR | Electronic Health Record |
| roadmap | The information contained in a patient's records serves as a __________ to their health history detailing previous illnesses and treatments, continuing medical problems, history of family illness, and any current meds. |
| Subjective, Objective, Assessment, Plan (SOAP) | the four general parts of a medical note |
| Subjective | the patient's personal story of health issue: reason for visit, description of problem, timing, previous problems/surgeries, family health issues, current meds/allergies |
| acute | started recently or sharp and severe symptom |
| chronic | has been going on for a while |
| exacerbation | it is getting worse |
| abrupt | all of a sudden |
| febrile | to have a fever |
| afebrile | to not have a fever |
| malaise | not feeling well |
| progressive | more and more each day |
| symptom | something a patient feels |
| noncontributory | not related to this specific problem |
| lethargic | a decrease in level of consciousness, usually means really sick in medical records |
| genetic/hereditary | runs in the family |
| chief complaint | the main reason for a patient's visit |
| history of present illness | the story of the patient's problem |
| review of symptoms | description of individual body symptoms in order to discover any symptoms not directly related to the main problem |
| past medical history | other significant past illnesses, like high blood pressure, asthma, or diabetes |
| past surgical history | any of the patient's past surgeries |
| family history | any significant illnesses that run in the patient's family |
| social history | a record of habits like smoking, drinking, drug abuse, and sexual practices that can impact health |
| clinic note | document of a visit in an office setting. always follows the SOAP method |
| consult note | a note from a visit to a specialist or consultant |
| emergency department note | a note given to emergency departments in need of information on a patient |
| admission summary | a summary of a patient's physical details upon being admitted to a hospital |
| discharge summary | a note that details when and why a patient was admitted to the hospital, what happened, how the patient felt, and a follow-up plan. |
| operative report | a report after each surgery explaining the procedure, the events that transpired, and patient's outcome |
| daily hospital note/progress note | a document made every day a patient is in a hospital, usually covers how their condition has changed since the day before. |
| radiology report | a note explaining the reason for ordering a radiologic image, how image was performed, and what was seen on the image, and the reviewing radiologist's assessment |
| pathology report | mirrors the same style as a radiology note, but for pathology |
| prescription | a note that doesn't follow SOAP format, it's the plan. |
| CCU | coronary care unit |
| ECU | emergency care unit |
| ER | emergency room |
| ED | emergency department |
| ICU | intensive care unit |
| PICU | pediatric intensive care unit |
| NICU | neonatal intensive care unit |
| SICU | surgical intensive care unit |
| PACU | post-anesthesia care unit |
| L&D | labor and delivery |
| OR | operating room |
| post-op | after surgery |
| pre-op | before surgery |
| alert | able to answer questions, responsive |
| oriented | being aware of who they are, where they are, and the current time |
| marked | it stands out |
| unremarkable | normal |
| auscultation | to listen |
| percussion | to hit something and listen to the resulting sound or feel for resulting vibration |
| palpation | to feel |
| impression | assessment |
| diagnosis | what the health care professional thinks the patient has |
| differential diagnosis | list of conditions patient may have based on the symptoms exhibited and the results of the exam |
| benign | safe |
| malignant | dangerous, a problem |
| degeneration | to be getting worse |
| remission | to get better or improve, most often used when discussing cancer |
| idiopathic | no known specific cause, just happens |
| localized | stays in a certain part of the body |
| systemic/generalized | all over the body or most of the body |
| prognosis | the chances for things getting better or worse |
| occult | hidden |
| lesion | diseased tissue |
| recurrent | to have again |
| sequela | a problem resulting from a disease or injury |
| pending | waiting for |
| disposition | what happened to the patient at the end of the visit, used at end of ED notes to reference where patient went after visit |
| discharge | to send home, or fluid coming out of part of body |
| palliative | treating the symptoms but not the cure |
| observation | watch, keep an eye on |
| reassurance | tell the patient that the problem is not serious or dangerous |
| supportive care | to treat the symptoms and make the patient feel better |
| sterile | extremely clean, germ free conditions |
| proximal | closer to the center |
| distal | farther from center |
| lateral | out to the side |
| medial | toward the middle |
| ventral | the front |
| dorsal | the back |
| cranial | towards top |
| caudal | towards bottom |
| superior | above |
| inferior | below |
| prone | lying down on belly |
| supine | lying down on back |
| contralateral | opposite side |
| ipsilateral | same side |
| unilateral | one side |
| bilateral | both sides |
| dorsum | the top of hand or foot |
| plantar | sole of foot |
| palmar | palm of hand |
| saggital | divides body from left and right |
| coronal | divides body front and back |
| transverse | divides body top to bottom |
| physician | skilled healthcare provider who attended and graduated medical school |
| pediatrician | physician with special training for children |
| surgeon | physician qualified to treat patients surgically by means of operation or invasive procedure |
| anesthesiologist | physician with special training on pain sedation and pain control |
| epidemiologist | specialist in study of causes and distribution of diseases in populations and the use of this data will enhance public health |
| physician assistant (PA) | midlevel healthcare provider who works under the license of a supervising physician, requires postgraduate training |
| nurse practitioner (NP) | nurse with postgraduate training that serves as midlevel healthcare provider, works under supervising physician |
| emergency medical technician | specially trained in evaluating and treating problems with speech and/or swallowing |
| occupational therapist | specially trained in evaluating and treating physical impairments including disabilities or recovery from injury |
| respiratory therapist | trained in treating patients respiratory issues under guidance of a healthcare provider |
| dietician | trained in evaluating the nutritional status of a patient and developing diet plan |
| licensed practical nurse (LPN) | trained and certified to provide basic care to a patient |
| registered nurse (RN) | advanced level nurse who has completed an associate's or bachelor's degree, assists with patient care planning and patient education |
| medical assistant | trained to carry out basic administrative and clinical tasks under guidance of a healthcare provider |
| pathologist | physician with special training in both evaluating the causes and effects of disease and in laboratory medicine |
| medical laboratory technician | trained in performing laboratory testing on bodily fluids |
| phlebotomist | trained in the removal of blood from the body for diagnostic or therapeutic purposes |
| radiologist | physician trained in evaluating images of the body to diagnose illness or injury |
| radiology technician | trained to perform radiologic testing or administer radiation therapy under the direction of a healthcare provider |
| ultrasonographer | trained in performing ultrasound imaging on a patient |
| pharmacist | trained and licensed in preparing and dispensing medicine |
| pharmacy technician | trained to assist a pharmacist with pharmacy related tasks |
| patient service coordinator | handles administrative tasks and coordinates patient care |
| medical transcriptionist | trained in converting voice recorded dictations of healthcare providers into text format |
| VS | vital signs |
| T | temperature |
| BP | blood pressure |
| HR | heart rate |
| RR | respiratory rate |
| Ht | height |
| Wt | weight |
| BMI | body mass index |
| I/O | intake/output |
| Dx | diagnosis |
| DDx | differential diagnosis |
| Tx | treatment |
| Rx | prescription |
| H&P | history and physical |
| Hx | history |
| CC | chief complaint |
| HPI | history of present illness |
| ROS | review of systems |
| PMHx | past medical history |
| FHx | family history |
| NKDA | no known drug allergies |
| PE | physical exam |
| Pt | patient |
| y/o | years old |
| h/o | history of |
| PCP | primary care provider |
| f/u | follow up |
| SOB | shortness of breath |
| HEENT | head, eyes, ears, nose, and throat |
| PERRLA | pupils are equal, round, reactive to light and accomadations |
| NAD | no acute distress |
| CV | cardiovascular |
| RRR | regular rate and rhythm |
| CTA | clear to auscultation |
| WDWN | well developed well nourished |
| A&O | alert and oriented |
| WNL | within normal limits |
| NOS | not otherwise specified |
| NEC | not elsewhere classified |
| PO | per os (by mouth) |
| NPO | nil per os (nothing by mouth) |
| PR | per rectum |
| IM | intramuscular |
| SC | subcutaneous |
| IV | intravenous |
| CVL | central venous line |
| PICC | peripherally inserted central catheter |
| Sig | instructions |
| BID | twice daily |
| TID | three times daily |
| Q | every x (every x hours) |
| QD | daily |
| QID | four times daily |
| QHS | at night |
| AC | before meals |
| PC | after meals |
| prn | as needed |
| ad lib | as desired |
| epidermis | the outermost layer of the skin |
| dermis | under the epidermis, much thicker and has fewer cells and more thick fibers for strength and flexibility |
| hair follicles | roots of hair, anchor hair to skin and provides nourishent |
| sweat glands | releases sweat to rid the body of waste and to cool the body |
| sebaceous glands | secretes oil as a natural moisturizer for skin and hair |
| adip/o, lip/o, steat/o | roots for fat |
| cutane/o, derm/o, dermat/o | roots for skin |
| pil/o, trich/o | roots for hair |
| hidr/o | root for sweat |
| squam/o | root for scale |
| onych/o, ungu/o | roots for nail |
| seb/o, sebace/o | roots for oil |
| kerato- | hardness or horniness (relating to SKIN) |
| xero- | dryness of the skin |
| leuk/o, alb/o | whiteness of the skin |
| erythro- | redness of the skin |
| xantho- | yellowness of the skin |
| melano- | blackness of the skin |
| crypt/o | root for hidden |
| abrasion | scraping away of skin |
| albinism | lack of pigment in skin causing patient to look white |
| albino | a person afflicted with albinism |
| alopecia | baldness |
| anhidrosis | lack of sweating |
| comedo | a hair follicle that is plugged with sebum |
| cyanhidrosis | blue sweat |
| depigmentation | loss of pigmentation |
| dermatalgia | skin pain |
| dermatodynia | skin pain |
| dermatolysis | loose skin |
| erythema | redness |
| erythroderma | red skin |
| hemathidrosis | sweating blood |
| hidropoiesis | the formation of sweat |
| hyperhidrosis | excessive sweating |
| hyperkerotosis | excessive growth of horny skin |
| hypermelanosis | excessive melanin in the skin |
| hyperpigmentation | excessive pigment in the skin |
| hypohidrosis | diminished sweating |
| hypomelanosis | diminished melanin in the skin |
| hypopigmentation | diminished pigment in the skin |
| leukoderma | white skin |
| macerate | to soften the skin |
| onychophagia | eating or biting the nails |
| pruritus | an itch |
| rhytidermia | wrinkled skin |
| sebopoiesis | formation of oil (sebum) |
| seborrhea | discharge of oil (sebum) |
| trichomegaly | abnormally thick hair |
| urticaria | swollen raised itchy areas of the skin |
| xanthoderma | yellow skin |
| xeroderma | dry skin |
| xerosis | condition of dryness |
| localized rash | rash limited to a specific area on the body |
| generalized rash | rash all over the body |
| centrifugal rash | rashes that start from middle and work outward |
| centripetal rash | rashes that start from outside inward |
| papules | small bumps under 1cm |
| nodules | bumps larger than 1cm |
| plaques | bumps larger than 1cm and flat |
| vesicles | bumps filled with clear fluid |
| pustules | bumps filled with pus |
| bulla | a large vesicle (like a blister) |
| abscesses | larger pustules |
| macules | small, flat spots (like freckles) |
| patches | larger macules |
| tumor | larger solid mass |
| erosion | loss of skin |
| ulcer | a sore |
| excoriation | a scratch |
| fissure | a crack in the skin |
| scale | skin flaking off |
| crust | a dried substance on the skin |
| vascular lesion | wounds related to blood vessels |
| cherry angioma | a small blood vessel tumor |
| telangiecasia | the overexpansion of the end of a blood vessel, sometimes called spider angioma |
| petechia | a small bruise |
| ecchymosis | a larger bruise |
| cicatrix | scar |
| keloid | overgrowth of scar tissue |
| epidermal tumors | skin tumors |
| nevus | mole |
| dysplastic nevus | a mole with bad changes/formations |
| verruca | wart |
| culture and sensitivity (C&S) | growing microorganisms in isolation in order to determine which drugs they might respond to |
| biopsy | removal of tissue in order to examine it |
| excisional biopsy | removal of an entire lesion for examination |
| dermatoscope | instrument used to look at the skin |
| dermatoscopy | procedure for looking at the skin |
| adipocele | hernia filled with fatty tissue |
| dermatofibroma | a fibrous skin tumor |
| erythrocyanosis | a red and/or blue discoloration of the skin |
| keratogenic | causing horny tissue development |
| keratosis | horny tissue condition |
| necrosis | tissue death |
| onychia | nail condition |
| onychocryptosis | an ingrown nail |
| onycholysis | the loss of a nail |
| onychomalacia | abnormal softening of a nail |
| onychopathy | nail disease |
| pachyderma | tough skin |
| paronychia | condition of tissue around nail |
| steatoma | a fatty tumor |
| xanthoma | a yellow tumor |
| decubitis ulcer | bedsore |
| dermatosis | skin condition |
| dermopathy | skin disease |
| atopic dermatitis | chronic dry inflammatory disease characterized by itching |
| hypertrichosis | excessive growth of hair |
| ichthyosis | condition in the skin, dry and resembles fish scales |
| postpartum alopecia | baldness experienced by women after pregnancy |
| psoriasis | skin condition characterized by patches of itchy red scaly skin |
| sclerodermatitis | inflammation of the skin accompanied by thickening and hardening |
| scleronychia | thickening and hardening of the nails |
| xanthosis | yellowing of the skin |
| actinic keratosis | horny skin condition caused by sun exposure |
| basal cell carcinoma | cancerous tumor of basal skin cells |
| hidradenoma | tumor of sweat gland |
| malignant cutaneous neoplasm | a harmful new formation of skin tissue |
| malignant melanoma | a harmful tumor of melanin cells |
| squamous cell carcinoma | cancerous tumor of squamous skin cells |
| acne vulgaris | inflammation of the skin follicles |
| dermatomycosis | fungal skin condition |
| hidradentis | inflammation of the sweat glands |
| impetigo | highly contagious bacterial infection of the skin |
| mycodermatitis | inflammation of the skin caused by fungus |
| mycosis | a fungal condition |
| onychodystrophy | poor nourishment (and development) of the nail |
| onychomycosis | a fungal condition of the nail |
| tinea | a fungal condition often called ringworm due to circular appearance |
| trichoycosis | a fungal condition of the hair |
| actinic dermatitis | inflammation of the skin caused by sun exposure |
| dermatitis | inflammation of the skin |
| seborrheic dermatitis | inflammation of the skin caused by the discharge of oil (sebum) |
| steatitis | inflammation of fat tissue |
| first degree burn | burn affecting only the epidermis or superficial layer of the skin |
| second degree burn | deeper burn affecting both the epidermis and dermis |
| third degree burn | deep burn affecting epidermis, dermis, and subcutaneous layer |
| fourth degree burn | deep burn affecting all layers of skin but also underlying tissues |
| anesthetic | drug that temporarily blocks sensation |
| antibiotic | drug that destroys or opposes growth of microorganisms |
| antihistamine | drug that opposes the effects of histamine |
| antipruritic | a drug that prevents or relieves itching |
| epidermal | pertaining to skin |
| hypodermic | pertaining to beneath the skin |
| intradermal | pertaining to inside the skin |
| percutaneous | pertaining to through the skin |
| subcutaneous | pertaining to beneath the skin |
| topical | applied directly to skin |
| transdermal | pertaining to through the skin |
| chemosurgery | removal of tissue that has been destroyed using chemicals |
| cryosurgery | destruction of tissue through freezing |
| chemotherapy | treatment using chemicals |
| dermabrasion | rubbing or scraping away the outer surface of the skin |
| electrocauterization | using electricity to destroy tissue by burning it |
| electrodesiccation | using electricity to destroy tissue by drying it |
| incision and drainage | to cut into a wound to allow trapped infected liquid to drain |
| lipectomy | removal of fatty tissue |
| liposuction | removal of fatty tissue using a vacuum |
| onychectomy | remove of a nail |
| onychotomy | incision into a nail |
| rhytidoplasty | reconstruction of wrinkled skin |
| autograft | skin transplant taken from a different place on the patient's body |
| homograft/allograft | skin transplant from another member of the patient's species |
| heterograft | skin transplant from a species other than patient's |
| xenograft | skin transplant taken from a species other from the patient's |
| ABCDE | asymmetry, border, color, diameter, evolving |
| AK | actinic keratosis |
| Bx | biopsy |
| C&S | culture and sensitivity |
| derm | dermatology |
| ID | intradermal |
| SC/SQ | subcutaneous |
| pil/o | hair |
| osteocyte | bone cell |
| epiphyseal plate | growth plates at the end of long bones |
| metaphysis | the area between the end of the bone and long shaft of the bone |
| epiphysis | end of bone |
| diaphysis | long bit of bone |
| -physis | suffix for growth |
| cervical vertabrae | neck vertebrae |
| thoracic bertebrae | chest/rib vertebrae |
| lumbar/sacral vertebrae | lower back vertebrae |
| costo | ribs |
| brachio | upper arm |
| radius/ulna | forearm |
| carpe | wrist |
| phalanges | fingers |
| femur | thigh bone |
| tibia/fibula | shin bones |
| tarsal | ankle |
| oste/o | root for bone |
| crani/o | root for head/skull |
| cervic/o | root for neck |
| spondyl/o | root for vertebra |
| lumb/o | root for loin/lower back |
| brachi/o | root for arm |
| dactyl/o | root for finger |
| carp/o | root for wrist |
| cost/o | root for rib |
| femor/o | root for femur |
| tiibi/o | root for tibia |
| tars/o | root for ankle |
| flexion | when a joint bends |
| extension | when a joint straightens |
| abduction | widening of a joint to move parts away from body |
| adduction | joint narrows to bring parts back toward the body |
| tendons | hold muscle to bone |
| ligaments | holds bone to bone |
| cartilage | surrounds bones and joints and allows smooth movement |
| bursae | sacs of fluid that keep muscles and bones moving smoothly |
| chondr/o | root for cartilage |
| arthr/o | root for joint |
| burs/o | root for bursa (joint fluid sac) |
| fascia | thick membrane encasing muscles, keeping it together |
| ten/o. tend/o, tendin/o | root for tendon |
| muscul/o, my/o, myos/o | roots for muscle |
| fasci/o | root for fascia |
| ton/o | root for tone/tension |
| kinesi/o, kinet/o | root for movement, motion |
| tax/o | root for arrangement, order, coordination |
| ankyl/o | root for stiff/bent |
| costalgia | rib pain |
| metatarsalgia | pain in foot bones |
| ostalgia | bone pain |
| osteodynia | bone pain |
| spondylodynia | vertebra pain |
| tibialgia | tibia pain |
| ankylosis | joint stiffness |
| arthralgia | joint pain |
| arthrodynia | joint pain |
| cervicodynia | neck pain |
| crepitation | a crackling sound heard in joints |
| genu valgum | knock-kneed, knee pointed in |
| genu varum | bowlegged, knee bowed out |
| bradykinesia | slow movement |
| dyskinesia | inability to control movement, bad movement |
| dystaxia | poor coordination |
| dystonia | poor muscle tone |
| graphospasm | writer's cramp |
| hyperkinesia | increase in muscle movement or activity, overmovement |
| hypertonia | increased muscle tone or tightness |
| hypokinesia | decrease in muscle movement or activity |
| hypotonia | decrease in muscle tone or tightness |
| myalgia | muscle pain |
| myasthenia | muscle weakness |
| myodynia | muscle pain |
| myospasm | muscle spasm |
| tenalgia | tendon pain |
| redness, swelling, heat, pain | exam of muscles focus on |
| polydactyly | extra fingers |
| syndactyly | fused fingers |
| osteolysis | bone destruction |
| exostosis | bone growth |
| CT | computed tomography |
| CAT | computed axial tomography |
| MRI | magnetic resonance imaging |
| range of motion | joint's ability to move |
| joint laxity | joint move further than should |
| effusion | checking for fluid around joint |
| pyarthrosis | pus from infection |
| hemarthrosis | blood from injury |
| angiogram | inject dye into joint, then MRI |
| arthrocentesis | collecting joint fluid via needle then sending to lab. puncture of a joint |
| arthroscope | camera-like device made to look into joint, instrument |
| myotonia | muscle tone |
| arthroscopy | procedure of looking into a joint |
| electromyogram | a record of the electrical activity of a muscle |
| electromyography | procedure for measuring the electrical activity of a muscle |
| myography | procedure for studying muscles |
| arthrogram | visual record of a joint |
| arthrography | procedure used to examine a joint |
| CAT/CT, computed axial tomography | imaging procedure using a computer to produce cross sections along an axis |
| kyphosis | humped back, abnormal forward curvature of upper spine |
| lordosis | sway back, abnormal forward curvature of lower spine |
| scoliosis | crooked back, abnormal lateral curvature of spine |
| carpitis | wrist inflammation |
| craniomalacia | softening of the skull |
| exostosis | abnormal growth of a bone out of another bone |
| fracture | bone break |
| osteodystrophy | poor bone development |
| osteolysis | bone loss |
| osteonecrosis | death of bone |
| osteosclerosis | abnormal hardening of bone |
| spondylitis | vertebra inflammation |
| spondylomalacia | softening of the vertebra |
| syndactyly | fusion of fingers or toes |
| tarsoptosis | flat feet |
| bursolith | a stone in a bursa |
| effusion | fluid buildup |
| hydrarthrosis | water (fluid) in a joint |
| hemarthrosis | blood in a joint |
| pararthrosis | pus in a joint |
| atrophy | underdevelopment, decrease, or loss of muscle tissue |
| hypertrophy | overdevelopment of muscle tissue |
| myocele | hernia of muscle tissue |
| myolysis | loss of muscle tissue |
| myomalacia | softening of a muscle |
| myosclerosis | hardening of a muscle |
| myotasis | stretching of a muscle |
| myotonia | muscle tone |
| ankylosing spondylitis | a stiffening inflammation of the vertebrae |
| chondro-osteodystrophy | poor development of bones and cartilage |
| craniosynostosis | premature fusing of the skull bones |
| dactylitis | finger inflammation |
| hypertrophic spondylitis | overdevelopment of the vertebrae causing inflammation |
| osteitis | bone inflammation |
| osteochondritis | inflammation of bone and cartilage |
| osteogenesis imperfecta | a disease in which the bones do not develop correctly, aka brittle bone disease |
| osteomalacia | softening of the bone |
| osteomyelitis | inflammation of the bone and bone marrow |
| osteopathy | bone disease |
| osteopenia | reduction in bone volume |
| osteoporosis | loss of bone density |
| spinal stenosis | abnormal narrowing of the spine |
| spondyloarthropathy | joint disease of the vertebrae |
| spondylolisthesis | the slipping or dislocation of a vertebra |
| spondylolysis | loss of vertebra structure |
| spondylosis | vertebra condition |
| arthritis | joint inflammation |
| rheumatoid arthritis | inflammation of the joints with symptoms resembling rheumatic fever |
| septic arthritis | inflammation of the joint caused by infection |
| osteoarthritis | inflammation of the joints, specifically those that bear weight |
| arthrocele | hernia of a joint |
| arthrodysplasia | abnormal joint development |
| arthropathy | joint disease |
| arthrosclerosis | hardening of the joints |
| bursitis | inflammation of the bursa |
| bursopathy | disease of the bursa |
| subluxation | partial dislocation of a joint |
| achondroplasia | a defect in the formation of cartilage |
| chondromalacia | abnormal softening of the cartilage |
| costochondritis | inflammation of the cartilage of the rib |
| fascilitis | inflammation of the fascia |
| muscular dystrophy | disorder characterized by poor muscle development |
| myoclonus | violent muscle contraction |
| myopathy | muscle disease |
| myasthenia | muscle weakness |
| myofasciitis | inflammation of muscle and fascia |
| myostitis | muscle inflammation |
| necrotizing fasciitis | inflammatino of the fascia, causing death of tissue |
| polymyositis | inflammation of multiple muscles |
| tardive dyskinesia | condition characterized by the loss of muscle control |
| tendinitis | tendon inflammation |
| tendonitis | tendon inflammation |
| chondroma | tumorlike growth of cartilage tissue |
| myoma | muscle tumor |
| myosarcoma | cancerous muscle tumor |
| osteocarcinoma | bone cancer tumor |
| osteochondroma | tumor made up of bone and cartilage, exotosis made up of cartilage |
| osteosarcoma | cancerous tumor arising out of bone cells |
| analgesic | a drug that relieves pain |
| antiarthritic | a drug that opposes joint inflammation |
| anti-inflammatory | drug that opposes inflammation |
| antipyretic | a drug that opposes fever |
| carpectomy | removal of all or part of the wrist |
| costectomy | removal of a rib |
| craniectomy | removal of a portion of the skull |
| craniotomy | removal of a portion of the skull (skull incision) |
| external fixation | the fixation of a fractured bone from the outside (casts, splints) |
| internal fixation | fixation of a fractured bone from the inside (screws, pins, plates) |
| closed reduction | returning bones to their proper position without the use of surgery |
| open reduction | returning bones to their proper position through use of surgery |
| metacarpectomy | removal of a bone in the hand |
| osteectomy | removal of a bone |
| osteoclasia | the surgical breaking of a bone |
| osteoplasty | reconstruction of a bone |
| osteotomy | incision into a bone |
| spondylosyndesis | fusing together of multiple vertebrae |
| sternotomy | incision into the sternum |
| tarsectomy | removal of all or a portion of the ankle |
| tarsoclasia | surgical fracture of the ankle |
| arthrectomy | removal of a joint |
| arthroclasia | therapeutic breaking of a joint to allow for increased mobility |
| arthrodesis | surgical fixation of a joint |
| arthrolysis | loosening a stiff joint |
| arthroplasty | reconstruction of a joint |
| arthrotomy | incision into a joint |
| bursectomy | removal of a bursa |
| bursotomy | incision into a bursa |
| chondrectomy | removal of cartilage |
| chondroplasty | reconstruction of cartilage |
| fasciectomy | removal of fascia |
| fasciodesis | binding of fascia |
| fascioplasty | reconstruction of fascia |
| fasciorrhaphy | suturing of fascia |
| fasciotomy | incision into fascia |
| myectomy | removal of a muscle |
| myodesis | binding of a muscle |
| myomectomy | removal of a muscle tumor |
| myoplasty | muscle reconstruction |
| myorrhaphy | muscle suture |
| myotomy | incision into muscle |
| tendectomy | removal of a tendon |
| tendoplasty | reconstruction of a tendon |
| tenodesis | binding of a tendon |
| tenolysis | freeing/loosening a tendon |
| tenonectomy | removal of a tendon |
| tenoplasty | reconstruction of a tendon |
| tenorrhaphy | suture of a tendon |
| tenotomy | incision into a tendon |
| ACL | anterior cruciate ligament |
| MCL | medial collateral ligament |
| LCL | lateral collateral ligament |
| PCL | posterior cruciate ligament |
| C!-C& | cervical vertabrae |
| T1-T12 | thoracic vertebrae |
| L1-L5 | lumbar vertebrae |
| S1-S5 | sacral vertebrae |
| DTR | deep tendon reflex |
| EMG | electromyogram |
| FROM | full range of motion |
| NSAID | nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug |
| OA | osteoarthritis |
| ORIF | open reduction interal fixation |
| PT | physical therapy |
| RA | rheumatoid arthritis |
| RICE | rest, ice, compression, elevation |
| ROM | range of motion |
| WB | weight bearing |
| WBAT | weight bearing as tolerated |
| cerebr/o, encephal/o | roots for brian |
| cerebell/o | root for cerebellum |
| lob/o | root for lobe |
| cephal/o | root for head |
| crani/o | root for head/skull |
| mening/o, meningi/o | root meaning meninges |
| dur/o | root for dura |
| neur/o | root for nerve |
| gangli/o | root for nerve bundle |
| myel/o | root for spinal cord, bone marrow |
| esthesi/o | root for feeling, sensation |
| phas/o | root for speech |
| phren/o, phych/o | root for mind |
| somn/o, somn/i, hypn/o | roots for sleep |
| gnosi/o | root for know |
| -mania | suffix for excessive desire |
| -phobia | excessive fear or sensitivity |
| -paresis | suffix for slight or partial paralysis |
| ton/o | root for muscle tone, tension, pressure |
| tax/o | root for arrangement, order, coordination |
| -plegia | suffix for paralysis |
| -asthenia | suffix for weakness |
| aphasia | inability to speak |
| ataxia | lack of coordination |
| catatonia | condition characterized by reduced muscle tone |
| delirium | brief loss of mental function |
| dementia | loss/decline in mental function |
| dyskinesia | difficulty moving |
| dyslexia | difficulty reading |
| dysphasia | difficulty speaking |
| dystonia | condition characterized by involuntary muscle movements |
| insomnia | inability to sleep |
| myoclonus | muscle twitching |
| myospasm | involuntary muscle contraction |
| neurasthenia | nerve weakness |
| somnambulism | sleep walking |
| syncope | fainting, losing consciousness due to temporary loss of blood flow to brain |
| cephalalgia | head pain |
| cephalodynia | head pain |
| encephalalgia | brain pain |
| neuralgia | nerve pain |
| neurodynia | nerve pain |
| hemiparesis | partial paralysis on half the body |
| hemiplegia | paralysis on half the body |
| monoparesis | partial paralysis of one limb |
| monoplegia | paralysis of one limb |
| paralysis | complete loss of sensation and motor function |
| paresis | partial paralysis characterized by varying degrees of sensation and motor function |
| causalgia | painful sensation of burning |
| dysesthesia | bad feeling |
| hyperesthesia | increased sensation |
| paresthesia | abnormal sensation (usually numbness or tingling in the skin |
| pseudesthesia | false sensation |
| synesthesia | condition where one sensation is experienced as another |
| acrophobia | fear of heights |
| agoraphobia | fear of outdoor spaces |
| hydrophobia | fear of water |
| kleptomania | desire to steal |
| photophobia | excessive sensitivity to light |
| pyromania | desire to set fire |
| lumbar puncture | a needle is gently inserted between vertebrae of lower spine and small amount of fluid is drawn and evaluated for signs of infection and other types of inflammation |
| echoencephalography | procedure used to examine the brain using sound waves |
| electroencephalography (EEG) | procedure used to examine the electrical activity of the brain |
| spinal tap | inserting needle into lumbar region of spine in order to collect spinal fluid, aka lumbar puncture (LP) |
| cerebral angiography | procedure used to examine blood vessels in the brain |
| magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) | procedure used to examine blood vessels |
| myelogram | image of the spinal cord, usually done via xray |
| positron emission tomography scan (PET scan) | imaging procedure that uses radiation to produce cross sections of the brain |
| transcranial doppler sonography | an imaging technique that produces an image of the brain using sound waves sent through the skull |
| cerebellitis | inflammation of the cerebellum |
| cerebral atrophy | wasting away of brain tissue |
| duritis | inflammation of the dura |
| encephalocele | hernia of the brain |
| hematoma | tumorlike mass made up of blood |
| cranial hematoma | hematoma beneath the skull |
| epidural hematoma | a hematoma located on top of the dura |
| intracerebral hematoma | a hematoma located inside the brain |
| subdural hematoma | hematoma located under the dura |
| macrocephaly | abnormally large head |
| microcephaly | abnormally small head |
| meningocele | a hernia of the meninges |
| myelocele | hernia of the spinal cord |
| myelomalacia | abnormal softening of the spinal cord |
| myelomeningocele | hernia of the spinal cord and meninges |
| neuritis | nerve inflammation |
| neuroma | nerve tumor |
| neurosclerosis | hardening of the nerves |
| polyneuritis | inflammation of multiple nerves |
| agnosia | inability to comprehend |
| apathy | lack of emotion |
| hyperkinesia | increase in muscle movement of activity |
| neurathenia | nerve weakness |
| neuroglycopenia | deficiency of sugar that interferes with normal brain activity |
| nystagmus | involuntary back and forth eye movements |
| prosopagnosia | inability to recognize faces |
| anesthesiologist | doctor who specializes in anesthesiology |
| afferent nerve | nerve that carries impulses toward the CNS |
| efferent nerve | nerve that carries impulses away from the CNS |
| neurogenic | originating from/created by nerves |
| physchiatrist | doctor who specializes in the treatment of the mind |
| psychiatry | branch of medicine that focuses on the treatment of the mind |
| psychogenic | originating in/created by the mind |
| psychologist | doctor who specializes in the study of the mind |
| psychology | branch of medicine that focuses on the study of the mind |
| psychosomatic | pertaining to the relationship between the body and mind |
| idiopathic | having no known cause or origin |
| interictal | time between seizures |
| posticial | time after a seizure |
| preictal | time before a seizure |
| tonic | pertaining to muscle tone |
| clonus | muscle spasm of twitching |
| tonic-clonic seizure | seizure characterized by both a tonic and clonic phase |
| cerebrovascular accident (CVA) | an accident involving the blood vessels of the brain |
| stroke | loss of brain function caused by interruption of bloodflow/supply to the brain |
| hemorrhagic stroke | stroke where the blood loss is caused by rupture of a blood vessel |
| ischemic stroke | stroke where blood loss is caused by a blockage |
| transient ischemic attack (TIA) | a mini-stroke caused by blockage of a blood vessel, which resolves within 24 hours |
| cerebrovascular disease | disease of the blood vessels of the brain |
| cerebral aneurysm | widening or abnormal dilation of a blood vessel in the brain |
| cerebral arteriosclerosis | hardening of an artery in the brain |
| cerebral atherosclerosis | hardening of an artery in the brain caused by the buildup of fatty plaque |
| cerebral embolism | blockage of a blood vessel in the brain caused by a foreign object such as fat or bacteria |
| cerebral thrombosis | blockage of a blood vessel in the brain caused by a blood clot |
| craniomalacia | abnormal softening of the skull |
| craniosclerosis | abnormal hardening of the skull |
| craniostenosis | abnormal narrowing of the skull |
| craniosynostosis | premature fusing of the skull bones |
| hydrocrphaly | abnormal accumulation of spinal fluid in the brain |
| astrocytoma | tumor arising from astrocyte glial cells |
| ganglioma | ganglion tumor |
| glioblastoma | brain tumor arising from glioblast cells |
| meningioma | tumor of the meninges |
| cerebellitis | inflammation of the cerebellum |
| cerebromeningitis | inflammation of the brain and meninges |
| encephalitis | inflammation of the brain |
| encephalomyelitis | inflammation of the brain and spinal cord |
| encephalomyeloneuropathy | disease of the brain, spinal cord, and nerves |
| encephalopathy | disease of the brain |
| encephalopyosis | a pus-filled abscess in the brain |
| ganglitis | inflammation of a ganglion |
| intracerebral hemorrhage | excessive bleeding inside the brain |
| meningopathy | disease of the meninges |
| meningitis | inflammation of the meninges |
| meningoencephalitis | inflammation of the meninges and brain |
| myelitis | inflammation of the spinal cord |
| myelodysplagia | defective formation of the spinal cord |
| myelopathy | disease of the spinal cord |
| neuroarthropathy | disease of the joint associated with nerves |
| neuroencephalomyelopathy | disease of the nerves, brain, and spinal cord |
| neuropathy | disease of the nervous system |
| poliomyelitis | inflammation of the gray matter of the spinal cord |
| polyneuropathy | disease affecting multiple nerves |
| amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ACL) | degenerative disease of the CNS causing loss of muscle control, hardening of the nerve cells on the sides of the spine leading to loss of muscle tissue from disease |
| anorexia | eating disorder characterized by patient's restricting food or refusing to eat |
| autism | psychiatric disorder characterized by difficulties in social communication and interaction, as well as repetitive and/or restrictive patterns of behavior or interests |
| bulimia | an eating disorder characterized by overeating and usually followed by forced purging or getting rid of food |
| cerebral palsy | paralysis caused by damage to the area of the brain responsible for movement |
| dysphoria | negative emotional state |
| epilepsy | a disease marked by seizures |
| euphoria | a positive emotional state |
| hypomania | mental state just below mania |
| manic depression (bipolar disorder) | psychiatric disorder characterized by alternating bouts of excitement and depression |
| myasthenia | muscle weakness |
| narcolepsy | a disease characterized by sudden, uncontrolled sleepiness |
| psychopathy | a mental illness |
| schozophrenia | mental illness characterized by delusions, hallucinations, and disordered speech |
| anesthetic | drug that causes loss of sensation |
| general anesthetic | anesthetic that causes complete loss of consciousness |
| local anesthetic | anesthetic that does not affect consciousness |
| regional anesthetic | anesthetic that is injected into a nerve causing loss of sensation over a particular area |
| topical anesthetic | local anesthesia applied to the surface of the area to be anesthetized |
| epidural anesthetic | anesthetic applied in the dural region of the spinal cord |
| analgesic | drug that relieves pain |
| antocovulsant | drug that opposes convulsions |
| antidepressant | drug that opposed depression |
| antipsychotic | drug that opposes psychoses |
| anxiolytic | drug that lessens anxiety |
| hypnotic | drug that aids sleep |
| neuropharmacology | study of the effects of drugs on the nervous system |
| psychopharmacology | study of the effects of drugs on mental processes |
| psychotropic | drugs that are able to turn the mind |
| thrombolytic | drug that dissolves clots |
| cerebrotomy | incision into the brain |
| chemotherapy | treatment using chemicals |
| craniectomy | removal of a piece of the skull |
| craniotomy | incision into the skull |
| endarectomy | removal of the inside of an artery |
| endovascular neurosurgery | surgery on the nervous system performed by entering the body through blood vessels |
| lobectomy | removal of a lobe |
| lobotomy | incision into a lobe |
| neurectomy | removal of a nerve |
| neurolysis | destruction of nerve tissue |
| neuroplasty | reconstruction of a nerve |
| neurrhaphy | suturing of a nerve |
| neurotomy | incision into a nerve |
| ADHD | attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder |
| ALS | amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (Lou gehrig's disease) |
| CNS | central nervous system |
| CP | cerebral palsy |
| CSF | cerebrospinal fluid |
| CVA | cerebrovascular accident |
| EEG | electroencephalogram |
| EMG | electromyogram |
| ICP | intracranial pressure |
| LOC | level of consciousness |
| LP | lumbar puncture |
| MRA | magnetic resonance angiography |
| MS | multiple sclerosis |
| OCD | obsessive compulsive disorder |
| PET | positron emission tomography |
| PNS | peripheral nervous system |
| TIA | transient ischemic attack |
| ocul/o, ophthalm/o, opt/o | roots for eye |
| lacrim/o, dacry/o | roots for tear |
| -opia, -opsia | suffixes for vision condition |
| blephar/o | root for eyelid |
| corne/o, kerat/o | roots for cornea |
| conjunctiv/o | root for conjunctiva |
| scler/o | root for sclera |
| vitre/o | root for vitreous liquid |
| cycl/o | root for ciliary body |
| retin/o | root for retina |
| ir/o, irid/o | root for iris |
| phac/o, phak/o | roots for lens |
| aur/o, ot/o | roots for ear |
| acous/o, audi/o | roots for sound, hearing |
| -acusis | suffix for hearing condition |
| cerumen | earwax |
| incus | anvil |
| stapes | stirrup |
| malleus | hammer |
| cerumin/o | root for earwax |
| salping/o | root for eustachian tube |
| tympan/o, myring/o | roots for eardrum |
| mastoid/o | root for mastoid process |
| labyrinth/o | root meaning labyrinth |
| vestibul/o | root for vestibule |
| cochle/o | root for cochlea |
| akinetopsia | inability to see objects in motion |
| ambiopia | double vision |
| amblyopia | decreased vision; when it occurs in one eye its referred to as lazy eye |
| asthenopia | weak vision |
| diplopia | double vision |
| hemianopsia | blindness in half the visual field |
| hyperopia | farsightedness |
| myopia | nearsightedness |
| presbyopia | decreased vision caused by old age |
| scotopia | adjustment of the eye to seeing in darkness |
| blepharoplegia | paralysis of the eyelid |
| blepharospasm | involuntary contraction of an eyelid |
| dacryoadenalgia | pain in the tear gland |
| dacryocystalgia | pain in the tear sac |
| decryohemorrhea | blood in the tears |
| dacryorrhea | excessive tearing |
| ophthalmalgia | eye pain |
| ophthalmoplegia | eye paralysis |
| xerophthalmia | dry eyes |
| astigmatism | vision problem caused by the fact that light rays entering the eye arent focused on a single point in the back of the eye |
| corneal xerosis | dryness of the cornea |
| keratalgia | pain in the cornea |
| cycloplegia | paralysis of the ciliary body |
| iridalgia | pain in the iris |
| miosis | abnormal contraction of the pupil |
| mydriasis | abnormal dilation of pupil |
| scotoma | dark spot in the visual field |
| hyperacusis | excessively sensitive hearing |
| hypoacusis | excessively insensitive hearing |
| osteoacusis | hearing through bone |
| presbycusis | loss of hearing in old age |
| mastoidalgia | pain in the mastoid |
| otalgia | ear pain |
| otodynia | ear pain |
| otorrhea | discharge from the ear |
| tinnitus | ringing in the ears |
| vertigo | sensation of moving through space |
| ophthalmoscope | instrument for looking at the eye |
| optomyometer | device used to determine the strength of eye muscles |
| phacoscope | instrument for looking at the lens |
| retinoscope | instrument for looking at the retina |
| retinoscopy | procedure for looking at the retina |
| tonometer | instrument for measuring tension or pressure in the eye |
| binocular | pertaining to both eyes |
| iridokinesis | the movement of the iris |
| lacrimation | formation of tears (crying) |
| nasolacrimal | pertaining to the nose and tear system |
| ophthalmic | pertaining to the eye |
| ophthalomologist | eye specialist |
| optic | pertaining to the eye |
| optokinetic | pertaining to eye movement |
| optometrist | specialist in measuring the eye |
| retinal | pertaining to the retina |
| blepharedema | eyelid swelling |
| blepharoptosis | drooping eyelid |
| blepharopyrorrhea | discharge of pus from the eyelid |
| dacryolith | hard formation in the tear system |
| dacryopyorrhea | discharge of puss in tears |
| ectropion | outward turning of the eyelid, away from the eye |
| entropion | inward turning of the eyelid, toward the eye |
| exophthalmus | protrusion of the eyes out of the eye socket |
| nystagmus | involuntary back and forth movement of the eyes |
| strabismus | condition where the eyes deviate when looking at the same object |
| esotropia | inward turning of the eye, toward the nose |
| exotropia | outward turning of the eye, away from the nose |
| keratomalacia | abnormal softening of the cornea |
| pterygium | winglike growth of conjunctival tissue extending to the cornea |
| scleromalacia | abnormal softening of the sclera |
| papilledema | swelling of the optic nerve where it enters the retina |
| phacomalacia | abnormal softening of the lens |
| phacosclerosis | abnormal hardening of the lens |
| audiogram | record produced by an audiometer |
| audiometer | instrument for measuring hearing |
| audiometry | procedure for measuring hearing |
| otoscope | instrument for looking in the ear |
| otoscopy | procedure for examining the ear |
| pneumatic otoscopy | procedure for examining the ear using air |
| salpingoscope | instrument for examining the eustachian tubes |
| tympanometry | procedure for measuring the eardrum |
| audiologist | hearing specialist |
| aural | pertaining to the ear |
| otolaryngologist | specialist in the ear and throat |
| otoneurologist | specialist in the nerve connections between the ear and brain |
| otorhinolaryngologist | specialist in the ear, nose, and throat |
| otosteal | pertaining to the bones of the ear |
| salpingopharyngeal | pertaining to the eustachian tubes and the throat |
| ceruminoma | benign tumor of the cerumen-secreting glands of the ear |
| ceruminosis | excessive formation of ear wax |
| macrotia | abnormally large ears |
| microtia | abnormally small ears |
| otopyorrhea | discharge of pus from the ears |
| otosclerosis | hearing loss caused by the hardening of the bones of the middle ear |
| tympanic perforation | tear or hole in the eardrum |
| tympanosclerosis | hardening of the eardrum |
| blepharitis | eyelid inflammation |
| blepharoconjunctivitis | inflammation of the eyelid and conjunctiva |
| dacryocystitis | inflammation of the tear sac |
| dacryoadenitis | inflammation of the tear gland |
| dacryohemorrhea | discharge of blood in tears |
| dacryolithiasis | presence of hard formations in the tear system |
| dacryostenosis | narrowing of the tear duct |
| glaucoma | eye disease that causes vision loss by damaging the optic nerve |
| oculomycosis | fungal eye condition |
| oculopathy | eye disease |
| ophthalomatrophy | atrophy of the eye |
| ophthalmitis | inflammation of the eye |
| ophthalomycosis | fungal eye condition |
| opthalomomyitis | inflammation of the eye muscles |
| ophthalmopathy | eye disease |
| trichiasis | condition caused by eyelashes growing backward and coming in contact with the eye |
| conjunctivitis | inflammation of the conjunctiva (pinkeye) |
| keratitis | inflammation of the cornea |
| keratopathy | disease of the cornea |
| sclerectasia | overexpansion of the sclera |
| scleroiritis | inflammation of the sclera and iris |
| sclerokeratitis | inflammation of the sclera and cornea |
| sclerokeratoiritis | inflammation of the sclera, cornea, and iris |
| aniridia | absence of an iris |
| aphakia | absence of a lens |
| cataract | opacity (cloudiness) of the lens of the eye |
| corneal abrasion | scratch on the cornea |
| cyclokeratitis | inflammation of the ciliary body and cornea |
| endophthalmitis | inflammation of the inside of the eye |
| iridemia | bleeding from the iris |
| iridocyclitis | inflammation of the iris and ciliary body |
| iridokeratitis | inflammation of the iris and cornea |
| iridopathy | disease of the iris |
| iritis | inflammation of the iris |
| optic neuritis | inflammation of the optic nerve |
| phakitis | inflammation of the lens |
| retinitis | inflammation of the retina |
| retinopathy | disease of the retina |
| retinosis | retinal condition |
| cerumen impaction | buildup of ear wax blocking ear canal |
| mastioditis | inflammation of the mastoid |
| otitis externa | inflammation of the outer ear |
| otomycosis | fungal ear condition |
| aerotitis | inflammation of the ear caused by air |
| conductive hearing loss | hearing loss caused by sound not getting to the middle/inner ear |
| myringitis | inflammation of the eardrum |
| myringodermatitis | inflammation of the eardrum and surrounding skin |
| myringomycosis | fungal condition of the eardrum |
| otitis media | inflammation of the middle ear |
| otosclerosis | hearing loss caused by the hardening of the bones of the middle ear |
| rhinosalpingitis | inflammation of the nose and eustachian tubes |
| acoustic neuroma | tumor on the acoustic nerve |
| cochleitis | inflammation of the cochlea |
| labyrinthitis | inflammation of the labyrinth |
| sensorineural hearing loss | hearing loss caused by sound not being transmitted from the inner ear to the brain |
| vestibular neuritis | inflammation of the vestibular nerve |
| vestibulitis | inflammation of the vestibule |
| miotic | drug that causes the abnormal contraction of the pupil |
| mydriatic | drug that causes the abnormal dilation of the pupil |
| cycloplegic | drug that paralyzes the ciliary body |
| intravitreal antibiotics | antibiotics administered directly into the vitreous gel liquid |
| ceruminolytic | drug that aids in the breakdown of ear wax |
| ototoxic | drug that is damaging to the ear/hearing |
| blepharoplasty | surgical reconstruction of the eyelid |
| blepharotomy | incision into the eyelid |
| dacryoadenectomy | removal of the tear gland |
| dacryocystectomy | removal of the tear sac |
| dacryocystorhinostomy | creation of an opening between the tear sac and the nose |
| cacryocystotomy | incision into the tear sac |
| enucleation | removal of an eye |
| oculoplasty | surgical reconstruction of the eye |
| ophthalmectomy | removal of the eye |
| corneal transplant | replacement of damaged cornea with donated tissue |
| keratoplasty | surgical reconstruction of the cornea |
| keratotomy | incision into the cornea |
| sclerotomy | incision into the sclera |
| cyclotomy | incision into the ciliary body |
| intraocular lens implant | insertion of a new lens inside the eye |
| iridectomy | removal of the iris |
| iridocyclectomy | removal of the iris and ciliary body |
| iridotomy | incision into the iris |
| phacoemulsification | fragmentation of an existing lens in order to remove and replace it |
| retinopexy | surgical fixation (reattachment) of a retina |
| retinotomy | incision into the retina |
| vitrectomy | removal of the vitreous liquid from the eye |
| auditory prosthesis | hearing aid |
| ceruminolysis | breakdown of ear wax |
| ear lavage | rinsing/washing the external ear canal (to remove earwax) |
| mastoidectomy | removal of the mastoid |
| mastoidocentesis | puncture of the mastoid |
| otoplasty | surgical reconstruction of the ear |
| myringectomy | removal of the eardrum |
| myringoplasty | surgical reconstruction of the eardrum |
| myringotomy | incision into the eardrum |
| tympanocentesis | puncture of the eardrum |
| tympanolabyrinthopexy | surgical fixation of the eardrum to the labyrinth |
| tympanoplasty | surgical reconstruction of the eardrum |
| tympanostomy | creation of an opening in the eardrum |
| cochlear implant | electronic device that stimulates the cochlea, can give a sense of sound to those profoundly deaf |
| labyrinthectomy | removal of the labyrinth |
| labyrinthotomy | incision into the labyrinth |
| vestibulotomy | incision into the vestibule |
| ARMD | age-related macular degeneration |
| HEENT | head, eyes, ears, nose, and throat |
| IOL | intraocular lens |
| IOP | intraocular pressure |
| LASIK | laser-assisted in situ keratomileusis |
| OD | right eye |
| OS | left eye |
| OU | both eyes |
| PERRLA | pupils are equal, round, and reactive to light and accomadation |
| VA | visual acuity |
| VF | visual field |
| AD | right ear |
| AOM | acute otitis media |
| AS | left ear |
| AU | both ears |
| EENT | eye, ear, nose, and throat |
| ENT | ear, nose and throat |
| OM | otitis media |
| TM | tympanic membrane |
| hypothalamus | the gateway between endocrine system and nervous system, controls the glands |
| pituitary gland | controlled by the hypothalamus, releases releasing hormones |
| thyroid gland | gland just behind the adam's apple, makes T3 and T4 and calcium controlling hormones |
| parathyroid gland | gland behind the thyroid, helps control calcium level |
| pancreas | sits below/behind the stomach, sends hormones that regulate blood sugar level. also sends enzymes into the intestines |
| adrenal gland | sits on top of kidneys, secretes adrenaline, also makes hormones that help maintain water and salt volume, also blood sugar levels |
| aden/o | root for gland |
| adren/o, adrenal/o | root for adrenal gland |
| cortic/o | root for outer surface |
| gonad/o | root for gonads (sex organs) |
| pancreat/o | root for pancreas |
| pituitar/o, hypophys/o | root for pituitary gland |
| thym/o | root for thymus |
| thyr/o, thyroid/o | root for thyroid |
| gluc/o, glucos/o, glyc/o | root for sugar |
| crin/o | root for to secrete |
| Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) | stimulates the outer part of the adrenal gland |
| thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) | stimulates the thyroid gland |
| luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) | stimulate the gonads |
| T4, T3, calcitonin | 3 hormones the thyroid makes, controls metabolism and calcium levels |
| calcitonin | hormone that encourages the uptake of calcium in the blood into bone |
| parathyroid hormone | has opposite effect of calcitonin, helps calcium level from getting too low |
| insulin | decreases the level of sugar in blood |
| glucagon | works against insulin, tells liver to make more sugar, increases sugar in blood |
| epinephrine | adrenaline, made by inner part of adrenal gland |
| norepinephrine | similar to adrenaline |
| corticosteroids | hormones made by adrenal cortex, mineralcorticoids andglucocorticoids |
| glycemia | glucose level in blood |
| hyperglycemia | high glucose level in blood |
| hypoglycemia | low glucose level in blood |
| euglycemia | normal glucose level in blood |
| glucosuria | sugar found in urine |
| ketonuria | ketones found in urine |
| hormon/o | root for hormone |
| ket/o | root for ketone body |
| -tropin | suffix for stimulating hormone |
| -emia | suffix for blood condition |
| -uria | suffix for urine condition |
| acromegaly | extra growth disproportionate in the face and long bones in the body |
| hyperthyroidism | from an overactive thyroid, increases metabolism, weight loss, increased hunger, diarrhea, nervousness |
| hypothyroidism | weight gain, decreased energy, hair loss, decreased appetite, constipation |
| polydispia | excessive thirst |
| polyuria | excessive urination |
| polyphagia | constant hunger |
| adrenal virilism | overactive adrenal gland |
| hirsutism | facial hair |
| hypergonadism | hyperactive gonads |
| menarche | first period |
| thelarche | breast development |
| amenorrhea | lack of menstruation |
| gynecomastia | breast development in males |
| adenalgia | pain in a gland |
| adrenal virilism | development of male secondary sexual characteristics caused by excessive secretion of the adrenal gland |
| adrenarche | beginning of adrenal secretion (at puberty) |
| hirsutism | excessive growth of facial and body hair in women |
| hypogonadism | condition in which there is undersecretion of the sex glands |
| thelarche | beginning of breast development |
| hypoglycemic | pertaining to low blood sugar |
| pancreatalgia | pain in the pancreas |
| polydispia | excessive thirst |
| polyphagia | excessive eating |
| polyuria | excessive urination |
| acromegaly | abnormal enlargement of the extremities |
| galactorrhea | discharge of milk |
| pituitary dwarfism | abnormally short height caused by undersecretion of growth hormone from the pituitary gland |
| pituitary gigantism | abnormally tall height caused by oversecretion of growth hormone from the pituitary gland |
| exophthalmos | protrusion of eyes out the eye socket |
| goiter | swollen thyroid gland |
| thyrocele | another name for goiter |
| thyromegaly | enlargement of the thyroid |
| thyroptosis | downward displacement/drooping of the thyroid |
| -tropin | suffix for hormone that "turns on" another organ |
| -emia | suffix for any lab level that represents a substance in the blood |
| acidemia | abnormal acidity of the blood |
| alkalemia | abnormal alkalinity of the blood |
| calciuria | calcium in the urine |
| chloremia | increased chloride in the blood |
| euglycemia | good blood sugar |
| glucosuria | sugar in the urine |
| hypercalcemia | excessive calcium in the blood |
| hypercholesterolemia | excessive cholesterol in the blood |
| hyperglycemia | high blood sugar |
| hyperkalemia | excessive potassium in the blood |
| hyperlipidemia | excessive fat in the blood |
| hypernatremia | excessive sodium in the blood |
| hyperphosphatemia | excessive phosphate in the blood |
| hypoglycemia | low blood sugar |
| ketonuria | ketone bodies in the urine |
| polyuria | excessive urination |
| uremia | presence of urinary waste in the blood |
| corticotropin | shorter name for adrenocorticotropic hormone |
| glucocorticoid | hormone produced by the adrenal cortex with a role in carb metabolism |
| thyrotropin | hormone that stimulates the thyroid |
| adenomegaly | abnormal enlargement of a gland |
| adrenomegaly | abnormal enlargement of the adrenal gland |
| euthyroid | normal functioning thyroid |
| gluconeogenesis | formation of glucose from noncarb sources |
| glycolysis | breakdown of sugar |
| glycopenia | deficiency of sugar |
| gonadogenesis | creation/development of gonads |
| metabolism | breakdown of matter into energy |
| endocrine | to secrete internally |
| endocrinologist | specialist in internal secretion |
| exocrine | to secrete externally |
| glycemic index | ranking of food based on the way it affects sugar levels in the blood |
| ketogenesis | creation of ketone bodies |
| thyroid function tests | tests performed to evaluate the function of the thyroid |
| cholangiopancreatography | procedure used to examine the bile ducts and pancreas |
| endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography | procedure used to examine the bile ducts and pancreas in which an endoscope is passed backward from the digestive tract into the bile duct |
| adenoma | tumor on a gland thats benign |
| adenocarcinoma | tumor on a gland that's malignant |
| adenitis | inflammation of a gland |
| adenopathy | gland disease |
| adenosis | gland condition |
| dysmetabolic syndrome | combination of medical disorders associated with faulty metabolism |
| ketosis | condition characterized by elevated levels of ketone bodies in the blood |
| polyadenopathy | disease involving many glands |
| adrenal insufficiency | condition in which the adrenal glands underproduce necessary hormones |
| adrenalitis | inflammation of the adrenal gland |
| adrenocortical insufficiency | condition in which the adrenal cortex underproduces necessary hormones |
| adrenocorticohyperplasia | overdevelopment of the cortex of the adrenal gland |
| congenital adrenal hyperplasia | genetic disease in which the adrenal gland is overdeveloped, resulting in a deficiency of certain hormones and an overproduction of others |
| diabetes mellitus | metabolic disease characterized by excessive urination and hyperglycemia |
| diabetic ketoacidosis | acidity of the blood caused by the presence of ketone bodies produced when the body is unable to burn sugar, thus, it must burn fat for energy |
| pancreatic pseudocyst | abnormally expanded area in the pancreas resembling a cyst |
| pancreatitis | inflammation of the pancreas |
| pancreatolith | stone in the pancreas |
| pancreatolithiasis | presence of a stone in the pancreas |
| hyperpituitarism | overfunctioning of the pituitary gland |
| hypophysitis | inflammation of the pituitary gland |
| hypopitulitarism | condition caused by the undersecretion of the pituitary gland |
| panhypopituitarism | defective or absent function of the entire pituitary gland |
| pituitary infarction | death of the pituitary gland |
| hyperparathyroidism | overproduction by the parathyroid glands |
| hyperthyroidism | overproduction by the thyroid |
| hypoparathyroidism | underproduction by the parathyroid |
| hypothyroidism | underproduction by the thyroid |
| thyroiditis | inflammation of the thyroid |
| thyrotoxicosis | condition caused by the exposure of body tissue to excessive levels of thyroid hormone |
| adenocarcinoma | cancerous tumor of a gland |
| adenoma | glandular tumor |
| adrenal adenoma | tumor of the adrenal gland |
| adrenocortical carcinoma | cancerous tumor originating in the cortex of the adrenal lgland |
| insulinoma | tumor that secretes insulin |
| parathyroidoma | tumor of the parathyroid |
| pituitary adenoma | tumor on the pituitary gland |
| thymoma | tumor of the thymus |
| continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion | continuous injection of insulin into the blood from a pump inserted under the skin |
| thyroidotoxin | substance poisonous to the thyroid gland |
| adenectomy | removal of a gland |
| ketogenic diet | diet that aids in the production of ketones in the body |
| thymectomy | removal of the thymus |
| adrenalectomy | removal of the adrenal gland |
| laparoscopic adrenalectomy | removal of an adrenal gland by means of a laparoscope (instrument inserted into the abdomen for viewing) |
| pancreatectomy | removal of the pancreas |
| pancreatolithectomy | removal of a stone in the pancreas |
| hypophysectomy | removal of the pituitary gland |
| parathyroidectomy | removal of the parathyroid |
| thyroidectomy | removal of the thyroid |
| thyroparathyroidectomy | removal of the thyroid and parathyroid glands |
| ACTH | adrenocorticotropic hormone |
| BS | blood sugar |
| CGM | continuous glucose monitor |
| DI | diabetes insipidus |
| DM | diabetes mellitus |
| ERCP | endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography |
| FBS | fasting blood sugar |
| GDM | gestational diabetes mellitus |
| GH | growth hormone |
| GTT | glucose tolerance test |
| HgA1C | hemoglobin A1C test (used by patients with diabetes to monitor blood sugar levels |
| HRT | hormone replacement therapy |
| TFT | thyroid function test |
| TSH | thyroid-stimulating hormone (thyrotropin) |
| T3 | triiodothyronine |
| T4 | thyroxine |
| erythrocytes | red blood cells |
| leukocytes | white blood cells |
| thromnocytes | platelets |
| coagul/o | root for coagulation |
| thromb/o | root for clot |
| hem/o, hemat/o | root for blood |
| cyt/o | root for cell |
| leuk/o | root for white |
| phleb/o | root for vein |
| lymph/o | root for lymph |
| myel/o | root for bone marrow, spine |
| -emia | suffix for blood condition |
| tonsil/o | root for tonsils |
| splen/o | root for spleen |
| thym/o | root for thymus |
| immun/o | root for immune system |
| -penia | root for deficiency |
| ecchymosis | bruising easily |
| petechiae | red spots found on the body |
| lymphadenopathy | swollen lymph nodes |
| lymphedema | swelling in the extremeties |
| anemia | reduction of RBCs noticed by the patient as weakness and fatigue |
| ecchymosis | large bruise |
| hematoma | mass of blood within an organ, cavity, or tissue |
| hemophilia | condition in which the blood doesn't clot, thus causing excessive bleeding |
| hemorrhage | excessive blood loss |
| petechia | small bruise |
| reperfusion injury | injury to tissue that occurs after blood flow is restored |
| lymphadenopathy | any disease of a lymph gland used to refer to noticeably swollen lymph nodes, especially in the neck |
| lymphedema | swelling caused by abnormal accumulation of lymph, usually in the extremities |
| spenalgia | pain in the spleen |
| splenodynia | pain in the spleen |
| anisocytosis | condition characterized by a great inequality in the size of red blood cells |
| elliptocyte | oval red blood cells |
| elliptocytosis | condition characterized by an icrease in the number of oval shaped red blood cells |
| embolism | blockage in a blood vessel caused by an embolus |
| embolus | mass of matter present in the blood |
| erythrocytosis | abnormal increase in the number of red blood cells |
| hematopoiesis | formation of red blood cells |
| hemolysis | breakdown of red blood cells |
| leukocytosis | increase in the number of white blood cells |
| leukopenia | deficiency in white blood cells |
| macrocytosis | condition characterized by large red blood cells |
| microcytosis | condition characterized by small red blood cells |
| myelopoiesis | formation of bone marrow |
| neutropenia | deficiency in neutrophil |
| normocyte | normal-sized red blood cell |
| sligocythemia | deficiency in the number of red blood cells |
| pancytopenia | deficiency in all cellular components of the blood |
| phagocytosis | process in which phagocytes destroy foreign microorganisms or cell debris |
| poikilocytosis | condition characterized by red blood cells in a variety of shapes |
| polycythemia | excess of red blood cells |
| reticulocyte | immature red blood cell, the root comes from netlike appearance |
| pherocyte | red blood cell that assumes a spherical shape |
| thrombocyte | cell that helps blood clot |
| thrombocytopenia | deficiency in the number of platelets |
| thrombocytosis | increase in the number of platelets |
| thromboembolism | blockage of a vessel (embolism) caused by a clot that has broken off from where it formed |
| thrombogenic | capable of producing a blood clot |
| thrombosis | the formation of a blood clot |
| thrombus | blood clot |
| asplenia | absence of a spleen or of spleen function |
| hepatosplenomegaly | enlargement of the liver and spleen |
| lympthocyte | lymph cell |
| lymphopenia | abnormal deficiency in lymph |
| splenectopy | displacement of the spleen, aka floating spleen |
| splenolysis | breakdown (destruction) of spleen tissue |
| splenomalacia | softening of the spleen |
| splenomegaly | enlargement of the spleen |
| splenoptosis | downward displacement (drooping) of the spleen |
| thymic hyperplasia | overdevelopment of the thymus |
| hematocrit | test to judge or separate the blood, used to determine the ratio of red blood cells to total blood volume |
| hematology | study of the blood |
| hemoglobin | iron-containing pigment in red blood cells that carries oxygen to the cells |
| hypoperfusion | inadequate flow of blood |
| immmunoglobulin | protein that provides protection against disease |
| immunologist | specialist in the study of the immune system |
| lymphangiogram | record fo the study of lymph vessels |
| lymphangiography | procedure to study the lymph vessels |
| perfusion | circulation of blood through tissue |
| phlebology | study of veins |
| phlebotomist | specialist in drawing blood |
| phlebotomy | incision into a vein, aka drawing blood |
| phygmomanometer | fancy name for the device used to measure blood pressure |
| antibody | substance produced by the body in response to an antigen |
| antigen | substance that causes the body to produce antibodies |
| immunology | study of the immune system |
| autoimmune disease | disease caused by the body's immune system attacking the body's own healthy tissue |
| coagulopathy | any disease that deals with problems in blood coagulation |
| deep vein thrombosis | formation of a blood clot in a vein deep in the body, most commonly the leg |
| hemoglobinopathy | disease of the hemoglobin |
| hypercoagulability | increased ability of the blood to coagulate |
| immunodeficiency | immune system with decreased or compromised response to disease causing organisms |
| immunosuppression | reduction in the activity of the body's immune system |
| ischemia | blockage of blood flow to an organ |
| phlebarteriectasia | dilation of blood vessels |
| spherocytosis | condition in which red blood cells assume a spherical shape |
| thrombophlebitis | inflammation of a vein caused by a clot |
| anemia | reduced red blood cells |
| aplastic anemia | anemia caused by red blood cells not being formed in sufficient quantities |
| hemolytic anemia | anemia caused by the destruction of red blood cells |
| iron deficiency anemia | anemia caused by inadequate iron intake |
| bilirubinemia | presence of bilirubin in the blood |
| hyperbilirubinemia | excessive bilirubin in the blood |
| hypercholesterolemia | excessive cholesterol in the blood |
| hyperlipidemia | excessive fat in the blood |
| hypervolemia | increased blood volume |
| hypovolemia | decreased blood volume |
| septicemia | presence of disease causing microorganisms in the blood |
| uremia | presence of urine in the blood |
| hepatosplenitis | inflammation of the liver and spleen |
| hypersplenism | increased spleen activity |
| lymphadenitis | inflammation of a lymph gland |
| lymphangiectasia | dilation of a lymph vessel, normally noticed by swelling in the extremities |
| lymphangitis | inflammation of lymph vessels |
| mononucleosis | condition characterized by an abnormally large number of mononuclear leukocytes |
| myelodysplasia | disease characterized by poor production of blood cells by the bone marrow |
| osteomyelitis | inflammation of bone and bone marrow |
| splenitis | inflammation of the spleen |
| splenopahy | any disease of the spleen |
| splenorrhexis | rupture of the spleen |
| thymopathy | disease of the thymus |
| tonsilitis | inflammation of a tonsil |
| leukemia | cancer of the blood or bone marrow characterized by the abnormal increase in white blood cells |
| lymphoma | tumor originating in lymphocytes |
| myeloma | cancerous tumor of the bone marrow, when the tumors are present in several bones, called multiple myeloma |
| thymoma | tumor of the thymus |
| immunocompromised | having an immune system incapable of responding normally and completely to a pathogen or disease |
| anticoagulant | drug that prevents the coagulation of blood |
| hemostatic | drug that stops the flow of blood |
| thrombolytic | drug that breaks down blood clots |
| laparosplenectomy | surgical removal of the spleen through the abdomen |
| lymphadenectomy | surgical removal of a lymph gland (node) |
| lymphadenotomy | incision into a lymph node |
| nephrosplenopexy | surgical fixation of the spleen and a kidney |
| splenectomy | surgical removal of the spleen |
| thymectomy | surgical removal of the thymus |
| tonsillectomy | surgical removal of a tonsil |
| apheresis | general term for a process, similar to dialysis, that drays out a patient's blood, removes something from it, then returns the rest of the blood to the patient's body |
| cytapheresis | apheresis to remove cellular material |
| plasmapheresis | apheresis to remove plasma |
| plateletpheresis | apheresis to remove platelets |
| transfusion | infusion into a patient of blood from another source |
| AIDS | acquired immunodeficiency syndrome |
| ALL | acute lymphoblastic leukemia |
| AML | acute myeloid leukemia |
| BMT | bone marrow transplant |
| CBC | complete blood count |
| CML | chronic myeloid leukemia |
| DIC | disseminated intravascular coagulopathy |
| EBV | epstein-barr virus |
| ESR | erythrocyte sedimentation rate |
| Hct | hematocrit |
| Hgb | hemoglobin |
| HIV | human immunodeficiency virus |
| HSM | hepatospllenomegaly |
| HUS | hemolytic uremic syndrome |
| INR | international normalized ratio |
| ITP | idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura |
| IV | intravenous |
| IVIG | intravenous immunoglobulin |
| LAD | lymphadenopathy |
| NCAT | no cervical adenopathy or tenderness |
| PLT | platelet count |
| PT | prothrombin time |
| PTT | partial thromboplastin time |
| RBC | red blood count, red blood cell |
| TTP | thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura |
| WBC | white blood count, white blood cell |
| septum | thick wall of muscle dividing left and right sides of heart |
| valvul/o | root for valve |
| atri/o | root for atrium |
| sept/o | root for septum |
| ventricul/o | root for ventricle |
| cardi/o | root for heart |
| coron/o | root for heart |
| angi/o, vas/o, vascul/o | roots for vessel |
| aort/o | root for aorta |
| arteri/o | root for artery |
| ather/o | root for fatty plaque |
| phleb/o, ven/o | root for vein |
| angina pectoris | oppressive pain in the chest caused by irregular blood flow to the heart |
| arrhythmia | irregular heartbeat |
| dysrhythemia | irregular heartbeat |
| palpation | rapid or irregular beating of the heart |
| pectoralgia | chest pain |
| aortalgia | pain in the aorta |
| diaphoresis | profuse sweating |
| hemorrhage | loss of blood |
| phlebalgia | pain in a vein |
| systole | arterial pressure (first number of blood pressure reading) |
| diastole | pressure on the vessels when the heart is relaxed and filling with blood (second number in BP reading) |
| endocardium | tissue lining the inside of the heart |
| epicardium | tissue lining the outside of the heart |
| myocardium | heart muscle tissue |
| pericardium | tissue around the heart |
| bradycardia | slow heartbeat |
| cardiomegaly | enlarged heart |
| cyanosis | bluish appearance to the skin - a sign that the tissue isn't receiving enough oxygen |
| murmur | abnormal heart sound |
| tachycardia | rapid heartbeat |
| vena cava | large-diameter vein that gathers blood from the body and returns it to the heart |
| inferior vena cava | portion of the vena cava that gathers blood from the lower portion of the body |
| superior vena cava | portion of the vena cava that gathers blood from the upper portion of the body (head and arms) |
| angiogenesis | development of blood vessels |
| angiolith | stone forming in the wall of a blood vessel |
| angiopoiesis | formation of blood vessels |
| angiosclerosis | hardening of a blood vessel |
| aortectasia | dilation of the aorta |
| aortic stenosis | narrowing of the aorta |
| aortolith | stone deposit in the wall of the aorta |
| arteriolith | stone in the artery |
| arteriorrhexis | rupture of an artery |
| arteriosclerosis | hardening of an artery |
| atherogenesis | formation of fatty plaque on the wall of an artery |
| atherosclerosis | hardening of an artery due to buildup of fatty plaque |
| embolism | blockage in a blood vessel caused by an embolus |
| embolus | mass of matter present in the blood |
| ischemia | blockage of blood flow to an organ |
| occulsion | closing or blockage of a passage |
| phlebosclerosis | hardening of a vein |
| thrombus | blood clot |
| varicose veins | an enlarged, dilated vein toward the surface of the skin |
| vasospasm | involuntary contraction of a blood vessel |
| venosclerosis | hardening of a vein |
| venospasm | involuntary contraction of a vein |
| venostasis | trapping of blood in an extremity due to compression |
| angiogram | record of the blood vessels |
| angiography | procedure to describe the blood vessels |
| aortogram | record of the aorta |
| arteriogram | record of an artery |
| venogram | record of a vein |
| angioscope | device for looking into a blood vessel |
| cardiac catheterization | process of inserting a tube into the heart |
| echocardiogram | image of the heart produced using sound waves, same procedure as an ultrasound performed on pregnant women, but on a heart |
| echocardiography | use of sound waves to produce an image of the heart |
| electrocardiogram | record of the electrical currents of the heart |
| electrocardiography | procedure for recording the electrical currents of the heart |
| sonography | use of sound waves to produce diagnostic images, also called ultrasound |
| stress electrocardiogram | records electrical signals of the heart while the patient experiences increases of exercise stress |
| transesophageal echocardiogram | record of the heart using sound waves performed by inserting the transducer into the esophagus |
| vascular endoscopy | procedure to look inside a blood vessel |
| blood pressure | the force exerted by blood on the walls of blood vessels |
| diastolic pressure | pressure exerted on blood vessels when heart is relaxed |
| systolic pressure | pressure exerted on blood vessels when heart is contracting |
| cardiologist | heart specialist |
| cardiology | branch of medicine dealing with the heart |
| cardiovascular | pertaining to the heart and blood vessels |
| circulation | moving of blood from the heart through the vessels and back to the heart |
| coronary circulation | circulation of blood from the heart to the heart muscle |
| pulmonary circulation | circulation of blood from the heart to the lungs |
| systemic circulation | circulation of blood from the heart to the rest of the body |
| phlebologist | specialist in veins |
| phlebology | study of veins |
| phlebology | study in veins |
| phlebotomist | one who draws blood |
| phlebotomy | incision into a vein - the technical term for drawing blood |
| cardiotoxic | poisonous to the heart |
| angiocarditis | inflammation of the heart vessels |
| atrial fibrillation | quivering or spontaneous contraction of muscle fibers in the heart's atrium |
| atrial septal defect (ASD) | flaw in the septum that divides the two atria of the heart |
| cardiac arrest | cessation of functional circulation |
| cardiomyopathy | disease of the heart muscle |
| congestive cardiomyopathy | heart cavity is unable to pump all the blood out itself (congestive) and becomes stretched (dilated) which causes weak/slow pumping of blood |
| dilated cardiomyopathy | another term for congestive cardiomyopathy |
| hypertrophic cardiomyopathy | heart muscle becomes enlarged and blocks blood flow |
| restrictive cardiomyopathy | heart muscle hardens, restricting the expansion of the heart, this limiting the amount of blood it can pump to the rest of the body |
| carditis | inflammation of the heart |
| congenital heart defect | flaw in the structure of the heart present at birth |
| congestive heart failure (CHF) | heart failure characterized by the heart cavity being unable to pump all the blood out of itself (congestive) |
| coronary thrombosis | obstruction of a coronary artery by a clot |
| endocarditis | inflammation of the tissue lining the inside of the heart |
| myocardial infarction (MI) | death of heart muscle tissue |
| myocardial ischemia | blockage of blood to the heart muscle |
| myocarditis | inflammation of the heart muscle |
| pericardial effusion | fluid pouring out into the tissue around the heart |
| pericarditis | inflammation of the tissue around the heart |
| valvulitis | inflammation of a heart valve |
| ventricular septal defect (VSD) | flaw in the septum that divides the two ventricles of the heart |
| aneurysm | bulge in a blood vessel |
| angioedema | swelling of the blood vessels |
| angioma | blood vessel tumor |
| aortic aneurysm | bulging or swelling of the aorta |
| aortic regurgitation | flow of blood backward from the aorta into the heart, caused by a weak heart valve |
| aortitis | inflammation of the aorta |
| arteriopathy | disease of the arteries |
| arteritis | inflammation of the arteries |
| deep vein thrombosis | formation of a blood clot in a vein deep in the body, most commonly the leg |
| hypertension | high blood pressure |
| hypotension | low blood pressure |
| normotension | normal blood pressure |
| phlebitis | inflammation of the veins |
| phlebostenosis | narrowing of the veins |
| thrombophlebitis | inflammation of vein caused by a clot |
| vasculitis | inflammation of blood vessels |
| antianginal | drug that prevents or relieves the symptoms of angina pectoris |
| antiarrhythmic | drug that opposes an irregular heartbeat |
| anticoagulant | drug that opposes the coagulation of the blood |
| antihypertensive | drug that opposes high blood pressure |
| cardiotonic | drug that increases the strength of the heart contractions |
| thrombolytic | drug that breaks down clots |
| vasoconstrictor | drug that constricts or narrows the diameter of a blood vessel |
| vasodilator | drug that causes the relaxation or expansion of a blood vessel |
| vasopressor | drug that constricts or narrows the diameter of a blood vessel |
| cardiomyotomy | incision into the heart muscle |
| cardiopulmonary bypass | procedure that temporarily circulates and oxygenates a patient's blood during the portion of heart surgery where the heart is stopped |
| cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) | basic life support |
| cardiothoracic surgery | surgery that involves cutting through the patient's chest to get to the heart |
| cardioversion | returning a heart to normal thythm |
| coronary arterectomy | surgical removal of a coronary artery |
| coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) | borrowed piece of blood vessel used to bypass a blocked artery in the heart |
| coronary artery bypass surgery | surgery to bypass a blocked artery in the heart |
| percutaneous coronary intervention | alternate treatment for a coronary artery that passes instruments up a patient's blood vessels into the heart |
| pericardiocentesis | puncture of the tissue around the heart |
| pericardiotomy | incision into the tissue around the heart |
| valvectomy | surgical removal of a heart valve |
| valcotomy | incision into a heart valve |
| valvuloplasty | surgical reconstruction of a heart valve |
| ventriculotomy | incision into a ventricle |
| anastomosis | creation of an opening between two normally separate structures |
| aneurystmectomy | surgical removal of an aneurysm |
| angioplasty | surgical reconstruction of a vessel |
| angiorrhaphy | suture of a vessel |
| aortorrhaphy | suture of the aorta |
| aortotomy | incision into the aorta |
| arteriectomy | surgical removal of an artery |
| arterioplasty | surgical reconstruction of an artery |
| arteriorrhaphy | suture of an artery |
| atherectomy | surgical removal of fatty plaque within an artery |
| embolectomy | surgical removal of an embolus |
| endarterectomy | surgical removal of the inside of an artery |
| phlebectomy | surgical removal of a vein |
| phlebophlebostomy | procedure to create an opening between two veins |
| varicotomy | surgical removal of a varicose vein |
| venectomy | surgical removal of a vein |
| AAA | abdominal aortic aneurysm |
| A-fib | atrial fibrilation |
| ASD | atrial septal defect |
| BP | blood pressure |
| CABG | coronary artery bypass graft |
| CAD | coronary artery disease |
| CHF | congestive heart failure |
| CO | cardiac output |
| CTA | computed tomographic angiography |
| DVT | deep vein thrombosis |
| ECHO | echocardiogram |
| EKG | electrocardiogram |
| HTN | hypertension |
| MI | myocardial infarction |
| MRA | magnetic resonance angiography |
| MVP | mitral valve prolapse |
| NSR | normal sinus rhythm |
| PCI | percutaneous coronary intervention |
| SCA | sudden cardiac arrest |
| SV | stroke volume |
| TEE | transesophageal echocardiograpm |
| VSD | ventricular septal defect |
| adenoid/o | root for adenoid |
| tonsil/o | root for tonsil |
| nas/o, rhin/o | roots for nose |
| laryng/o | root for larynx (voice box) |
| pharyng/o | root for pharynx (throat) |
| trache/o | root for trachea (windpipe) |
| sept/o | root for septum |
| sin/o, sinus/o | root for sinus |
| pneum/o, pneumat/o, pneumon/o | root for air or lungs |
| pulmon/o | root for lungs |
| lob/o | root for lobe |
| bronch/o, bronchi/o | root for bronchus |
| bronchiol/o | root for bronchiole |
| alveol/o | root for alveolus (air sac) |
| stern/o | root for sternum |
| cost/o | root for rib |
| thorac/o, pector/o, steth/o | roots for chest |
| pleur/o | root for pleura |
| phren/o | diaphragm |
| ox/o | root for oxygen |
| spir/o, -pnea | mean breathing |
| capn/o, carb/o | roots for carbon dioxide |
| apnea | cessation of breathing |
| eupnea | good/normal breathing |
| tachypnea | rapid breathing |
| bradypnea | slow breathing |
| hypopnea | shallow breathing |
| hyperpnea | heavy breathing |
| dyspnea | difficulty breathing |
| orthopnea | able to breathe only in an upright position |
| hyperventilation | overbreathing; the condition of having too much air flowing into and out of the lungs, leads to hypocapnia |
| hypoventilation | underbreathing; the condition of heaving too little air flowing into and out of the lungs; leads to hypercapnia |
| hysphonia | bad voice condition (hoarseness) |
| epistaxis | a nosebleed |
| rhinorrhagia | excessive blood flow from the nose (nosebleed) |
| rhinorrhea | runny nose |
| bronchospasm | involuntary contraction of the bronchus |
| phrenospasm | involuntary contraction of the diaphragm (hiccups) |
| pleuralgia | pain in the pleura |
| pleurodynia | pain in the pleura |
| thoracalgia | chest pain |
| bronchorrhea | discharge from the bronchi |
| expectoration | coughing or spitting material out of the lungs |
| hemoptysis | coughing up blood |
| sputum | mucus discharged from the lungs by coughing |
| auscultation | a health care professional using a stethoscope to listen to a patient's chest |
| cyanosis | a bluish color in the skin caused by insufficient oxygen |
| pectoriloquy | speaking from the chest, used as a means of finding masses in the lung. a health professional listening to a patient's chest asks the patient to whisper a word. the word is audible where fluid or mass is present |
| pectus carinatum | a chest that protrudes like the keel of a ship |
| pectus exacavatum | a chest that is hollowed out |
| percusison | striking the body surface (to cause vibrations that can help locate fluid buildup in the chest) |
| retraction | the sucking in of the skin around bones during inhalation, happens when someone is in respiratory distress |
| atelectasis | incomplete expansion |
| bronchiectasis | expansion of the bronchi |
| caseous necrosis | the death of tissue with a cheeselike appearance |
| chylothorax | chyle in the chest |
| empyema | pus inside the chest |
| hemothorax | blood in the chest |
| phrenoplegia | paralysis of the diaphragm |
| phrenoptosis | drooping of the diaphragm |
| pleural effusion | fluid pouring out into the pleura |
| pneumohemothorax | air and blood in the chest |
| pneumothorax | air in the chest |
| pulmonary edema | swelling in the lungs |
| pyothorax | pus in the chest |
| tracheostenosis | narrowing of the trachea |
| hypercapnia | excessive carbon dioxide |
| hypercarbia | excessive carbon dioxide |
| hypocapnia | insufficient carbon dioxide |
| hypocarbia | insufficient carbon dioxide |
| hypoxemia | insufficient oxygen in the blood |
| hypoxia | insufficient oxygen |
| computed tomography | an imagine procedure using a computer to cut |
| pulmonary angiography | an imagine procedure for recording pulmonary blood vessel activity |
| ventilation-perfusion scan (VQ scan) | a scan that tests whether a problem in the lungs is caused by airflow (ventilation) or blood flow (perfusion) |
| bronchoscopy | procedure to look inside the bronchi |
| capnography | procedure to record carbon dioxide levels |
| capnometer | instrument to measure carbon dioxide levels |
| endoscope | instrument to look inside |
| nasopharyngoscope | an instrument to look at the nose and throat |
| oximetry | procedure to measure oxygen levels |
| polysomnography | recording multiple aspects of sleep |
| pulmonary function testing (PFT) | a group of tests used to evaluate the condition and operation of the lungs |
| spirometry | procedure to measure breathing |
| thoracoscopy | examination of the chest |
| laryngitis | inflammation of the larynx |
| laryngotracheobronchitis | inflammation of the larynx, trachea, and bronchi |
| rhinitis | inflammation of the nasal passages |
| sinusitis | inflammation of the sinus |
| pansinusitis | inflammation of all sinuses |
| sleep apnea | a condition where the patient ceases to breathe while asleep |
| tonsilitis | inflammation of the tonsils |
| tracheitis | inflammation of the trachea |
| tracheomalacia | softening of the trachea |
| asthma | a disease causing episodic narrowing and inflammation of the airway |
| bronchiolitis | inflammation of a bronchiole |
| bronchitis | inflammation of the bronchi |
| chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) | a group of lung diseases characterized by the continual blockage of lung passages |
| cystic fibrosis | a disease causing thick mucous buildup in the lungs and pancreas, named after the changes it causes to the lungs |
| diaphragmatocele | hernia of the diaphragm |
| emphysema | a disease that causes the alveoli to lose elasticity; patients can inhale but have difficulty exhaling |
| obstructive lung disorder | a lung disorder caused by a blockage |
| pleuritis | inflammation of the pleura |
| pleurisy | another word for pleuritis |
| pneumatocele | hernia of the lung |
| pneumoconiosis | a lung condition caused by dust |
| pneymonia | a lung condition |
| pneumonitis | inflammation of the lung |
| pulmonary elbolism | blockage in the pulmonary blood supply |
| pulmonary neoplasm | new growth in the lung (tumor) |
| restrictive lung disorder | a lung disorder caused by the limiting of air into the lungs |
| bronchiogenic carcinoma | a cancerous tumor originating in the bronchi |
| mesothelioma | a cancerous tumor of the mesothelial cells lining the lungs |
| antitussive | a drug that prevents coughing |
| bronchodilator | a drug that expands the walls of the bronchi |
| expectorant | a drug that encourages the expulsion of material from the lungs |
| mucolytic | a drug that aids in the breakdown of mucus |
| nebulizer | a machine that administers respiratory medication by creating a "cloud" or mist that is inhaled by the patient |
| adenoidectomy | removal of the adenoids |
| intubate | to insert a breathing tube from the mouth down into the trachea, to provide breathing support |
| laryngectomy | removal of the larynx |
| laryngoplasty | reconstruction of the larynx |
| palatoplasty | reconstruction of a palate |
| septoplasty | reconstruction of a septum |
| tonsillectomy | removal of the tonsil |
| tracheostomy | creation of an opening in the trachea |
| tracheotomy | incision into the trachea |
| endotracheal intubation | insertion of a tube inside the trachea |
| bronchoplasty | reconstruction of a bronchus |
| cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) | method of artificially maintaining blood flow and airflow when breathing and pulse have stopped |
| lobectomy | removal of a lobe |
| pleuropexy | reattachment of the pleura |
| pneumonectomy | removal of a lung |
| thoracentesis | puncture of the chest |
| thoracocentesis | puncture of the chest |
| thoracoplasty | reconstruction of the chest |
| thoracostomy | creation of an opening in the chest |
| thoracotomy | incision into the chest |
| ABG | arterial blood gas (used to determine the effectiveness of the lungs in exchanging gases) |
| ARDS | acute respiratory distress syndrome |
| Bx | biopsy |
| CF | cystic fibrosis |
| COPD | chronic obstructive pulmonary disease |
| CPAP | continuous positive airway pressure (treatment for apnea involving keeping a patient's airways open using air pressure delivered via a face mask) |
| CPR | cardiopulmonary resuscitation |
| CT | computed tomography |
| CTA | clear to auscultation (when an examination reveals nothing abnormal about a patient's lung) |
| CXR | chest xray |
| DOE | dyspnea on exertion |
| ETT | endotracheal tube |
| LRTI | lower respiratory tract infection |
| LTB | laryngotracheobronchitis |
| MRI | magnetic resonance imaging |
| OSA | obstructive sleep apnea |
| PE | pulmonary embolism |
| PET | positron emission tomography |
| PFT | pulmonary function test |
| PSG | polysomnography |
| SOB | shortness of breath |
| T&A | tonsillectomy and adenoidectomy |
| T | tuberculosis |
| URI/URTI | upper respiratory infection, upper respiratory tract infection |
| V/Q | ventilation-perfusion scan |
| or/o, stomat/o | root for mouth |
| gingiv/o | root for gums |
| dent/o, odont/o | roots for tooth |
| gloss/o, lingu/o | roots for tongue |
| gastr/o | root for stomach |
| esophag/o | root for esophagus |
| enter/o | root for intestines |
| duoden/o | root for duodenum |
| jejun/o | root for jejunum |
| ile/o | root for ileum |
| col/o, colon/o | roots for colon |
| sigmoid/o | root for sigmoid colon |
| rect/o | root for rectum |
| an/o | root for anus |
| proct/o | root for anus and rectum |
| sial/o | root for saliva |
| bil/i, chol/e | root for bile |
| abdomin/o, celi/o, lapar/o | roots for abdomen |
| cyst/o | root for bladder |
| doch/o | root for duct |
| hepat/o, hepatic/o | roots for liver |
| pancreat/o | root for pacreas |
| peritone/o | root for peritoneum |
| aerodontalgia | tooth pain caused by exposure to air |
| aphagia | inability to eat |
| dentalgia | tooth pain |
| dyspepsia | bad digestion |
| esophagalgia | pain in the esophagus |
| eupepsia | good digestion |
| gastralgia | stomach pain |
| gastrodynia | stomach pain |
| gingivalgia | gum pain |
| gingivostomatitis | inflammation of the mouth and gums |
| hematemesis | vomiting blood |
| hyperemesis | excessive vomiting |
| odontalgia | tooth pain |
| odontodynia | tooth pain |
| stomatitis | inflammation of the mouth |
| stomatodynia | mouth pain |
| constipation | difficulty passing feces |
| diarrhea | passing of fluid or unformed feces |
| dysentery | another name for diarrhea |
| enterodynia | pain in the intestines |
| hemorrhoid | inflammation of the veins surrounding the anus |
| rectalgia | rectal pain |
| cholecystalgia | pain in the gallbladder |
| jaundice | yellowing of the skin, tissue, and fluids caused by increased levels of bilirubin in the blood |
| icterus | another name for jaundice |
| sialorrhea | excessive salivation |
| guarding | masses, pain, or tensing of the abdominal muscles in response to pain |
| gasttomalacia | softening of the stomach |
| gastroparesis | partial paralysis of the stomach |
| gingivitis | inflammation of the gums |
| gingivoglossitis | inflammation of the gums and tongue |
| glossoplegia | paralysis of the tongue |
| odontoclasis | breaking of a tooth |
| stomatogastric | pertaining to the mouth and stomach |
| stomatosis | mouth condition |
| anophony | sound from the anus |
| flatus | medical term for passing gas |
| hernia | rupture or protrusion of an organ through the wall that normally contains it |
| steatorrhea | excessive fat discharged in the feces |
| ascites | retention of fluid in the peritoneum |
| biligenesis | formation of bile |
| cholelith | gallstone literally translates to a stone in the bile |
| hepatomalacia | softening of the liver |
| hepatomegaly | enlargement of the liver |
| hepatoptosis | downward displacement of the liver |
| pacnreatolith | stone in the pancreas |
| sialoangiectasis | overexpansion of the salivary vessels |
| sialolith | stone in the saliva |
| sialostenosis | narrowing of the salivary glands |
| cholangiogram | record of the bile vessels (ducts) |
| cholangiography | procedure for mapping the bile vessels (ducts) |
| cholangiopancreatography | procedure for mapping the bile vessels (ducts) and pancreas |
| cholecystogram | record of the bile (gall) bladder |
| pancreatography | procedure for mapping the pancreas |
| anosigmoidoscopy | procedure for looking at the anus and sigmoid colon |
| endoscope | instrument used to look inside |
| endoscopy | procedure of looking inside |
| esophagogastroduodenoscopy | procedure for looking inside the esophagus, stomach, and duodenum |
| esophagoscopy | procedure for looking inside the esophagus |
| fecal occult blood test (FOBT) | test of feces to discover blood not visibly apparent |
| gastroscope | instrument for looking at the stomach |
| gastroscopy | procedure for looking at the stomach |
| laparoscope | instrument for looking inside the abdomen |
| laparoscopy | procedure for looking inside the abdomen |
| nasogastric tube | tube inserted through the nose into the stomach |
| peritoneoscopy | procedure for looking at the peritoneum |
| proctoscope | instrument for looking at the anus and rectum |
| proctoscopy | procedure for looking at the anus and rectum |
| sigmoudoscope | instrument for looking at the sigmoid colon |
| sigmoidoscopy | procedure for looking at the sigmoid colon |
| colonoscopy | procedure for looking at the colon |
| bariatrics | branch of medicine dealing with weight issues |
| dentifrice | toothpaste |
| dentist | specialist in teeth |
| dentistry | branch of medicine dealing with teeth |
| gastroenterologist | specialist in the stomach and intestines |
| gastroenterology | study of the stomach and intestines |
| orthodontics | branch of medicine dealing with the straightening of teeth |
| orthodontist | specialist in straightening teeth |
| proctologist | specialist in the anus, rectum, and colon |
| proctology | branch of medicine dealing with the anus, rectum, and colon |
| epigastric | upper center portion of the abdomen |
| hypochrondriac | upper side portions of the abdomen |
| hypogastric | lower center portion of the abdomen |
| inguinal | lower side portions of the abdomen |
| lumbar | middle side portions of the abdomen |
| umbilical | middle center portion of the abdomen |
| esophagitis | inflammation of the esophagus |
| gastritis | inflammation of the stomach |
| gastroenteritis | inflammation of the stomach and intestines |
| gastroenterocolitis | inflammation of the stomach, intestine, and colon |
| gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) | disease in which acid comes up from the stomach and damages the esophagus |
| gingival hyperplasia | overformation of gum tissue |
| glossopathy | disease of the tongue |
| glossotrichia | overdevelopment of bumps on the tongue, making the tongue appear to be hairy |
| periodontitis | inflammation of region around the teeth |
| pyloric stenosis | narrowing of the sphincter at the base of the stomach |
| stomatomycosis | fungus condition of the mouth |
| stomatosis | mouth condition |
| colitis | inflammation of the colon |
| duodenitis | inflammation of the duodenum |
| enterocele | hernia of the intestines |
| enteropathy | disease of the intestines |
| fistula | any abnormal passageway in the body that shouldn't be there |
| anal fistula | abnormal opening between the rectum and the exterior perianal skin |
| colovaginal fistula | abnormal opening between the colon and vagina |
| diversiculitis | the inflammation of diverticula in the colon |
| diverticulosis | the condition of having diverticula in the colon |
| celiac disease | disease of the intestines due to an adverse reaction to gluten |
| ileitis | inflammation of the ileum |
| ileocolitis | inflammation of the ileum and colon |
| jejunitis | inflammation of the jejunum |
| jejunoileitis | inflammation of the jejunum and ileum |
| malabsorption | incomplete or lack of absorbing nutrients from the intestines |
| proctitis | inflammation of the anus and rectum |
| proctoptosis | downward displacement of the rectum and anus |
| rectititis | inflammation of the rectum |
| ulcerative colitis | inflammation of the colon, characterized by ulcers |
| celiomyostitis | inflammation of the abdominal muscle |
| celiopathy | disease of the abdomen |
| cholangitis | inflammation of the bile vessels (ducts) |
| cholecystitis | inflammation of the bile (gall) bladder |
| choledochocele | hernia of the (common) bile duct |
| choledocholithiasis | presence of a stone in the (common) bile duct |
| cholelithiasis | presence of a gallstone |
| cirrhosis | liver disease named for the change of color in the liver |
| hepatitis | inflammation of the liver |
| hepatosclerosis | hardening of the liver |
| laparocele | abdominal hernia |
| pancreatitis | inflammation of the pancreas |
| pancreatolithiasis | presence of a stone in the pancreas |
| peritonitis | inflammation of the peritoneum |
| sclerosing cholangitis | inflammation and hardening of the bile vessels (ducts) |
| sialoadenitis | inflammation of the salivary glands |
| sialoadenosis | a condition of the salivary glands |
| sialolithiasis | presence of salivary stones |
| cholangioma | tumor of the bile vessels (ducts) |
| colorectal carcinoma | cancerous tumor of the colon or rectum |
| esophageal carcinoma | cancerous tumor of the esophagus |
| hepatocarcinoma | cancerous tumor of the liver |
| hepatoma | tumor of the liver |
| antacid | agent that neutralizes acid |
| antiemetic | agent that prevents or relieves nausea or vomiting |
| cathartic | agent that produces bowel movements |
| sialagogic | agent that causes salivation |
| esophagectomy | surgical removal of the esophagus |
| esophagogastroplasty | surgical reconstruction of the esophagus and stomach |
| gastrectomy | surgical removal of the stomach |
| gastroduodenostomy | creation of an opening between the stomach and the duodenum |
| gastroenterrostomy | creation of an opening between the stomach and the intestines |
| gastrojejunostomy | creation of an opening between the stomach and the jejunum |
| gastropexy | surgical fixation of the stomach |
| surgical reconstruction of the stomach | gingivectomy |
| gingivoplasty | surgical reconstruction of gum tissue |
| glossoplasty | surgical reconstruction of the tongue |
| glossotomy | incision into the tongue |
| odontectomy | surgical removal of a tooth |
| anastomosis | creation of an opening; a surgical procedure connecting two previously unconnected hollow tubes |
| anoplasty | surgical reconstruction of the anus |
| colectomy | surgical removal of the colon |
| colostomy | creation of an opening in the colon |
| duodenectomy | surgical removal of the duodenum |
| enterectomy | surgical removal of the intestines |
| enterorrhaphy | suture of the intestines |
| enterotomy | incision into the intestines |
| hemicolectomy | surgical removal of half of the colon |
| hemorrhoidectomy | surgical removal or hemorrhoids |
| heriorrhaphy | suture of a hernia |
| ileocolostomy | creation of an opening between the ileum and colon |
| ileorrhaphy | suture of the ileum |
| ileostomy | creation of an opening in the ileum |
| ileotomy | incision into the ileum |
| jejunorrhaphy | suture of the jejunum |
| jejunostomy | creation of an opening in the jejunum |
| jejunotomy | incision into the jejunum |
| proctoplasty | surgical reconstruction of the anus and rectum |
| rectopexy | surgical fixation of the rectum |
| abdominocentesis | puncture of the abdomen (usually for the purpose of withdrawing fluid) |
| abdominoplasty | surgical reconstruction of the abdomen |
| celiotomy | incision into the abdomen |
| cholangiogastrostomy | creation of an opening between the bile vessel and the stomach |
| cholecystectomy | surgical removal of the bile (gall) bladder |
| choledochoenterostomy | creation of an opening between (common) bile duct and the intestines |
| choledocholithectomy | surgical removal of a stone from the bile duct |
| choledochotomy | incision into the common bile duct |
| cholelithotomy | incision to remove bile (gall) stones |
| cholelithtripsy | crushing of bile (gall) stones |
| hepatectomy | surgical removal of the liver |
| hepaticogastrostomy | creation of an opening between the liver and the stomach |
| hepaticotomy | incision into the liver |
| hepatopexy | surgical fixation of the liver |
| laparocenterostomy | creation of an opening between the abdomen and the intestines |
| laparoscopic surgery | the use of a laparoscope to perform minimally invasive surgery |
| laparotomy | incision into the abdomen |
| pancreatectomy | surgical removal of the pancreas |
| pancreatoduodenectomy | surgical removal of the pancreas and duodenum |
| pancreatolithectomy | surgical removal of stones in the pancreas |
| sialoadenectomy | surgical removal of a salivary gland |
| sialolithotomy | incision to remove salivary stones |
| stomatoplasty | surgical reconstruction of the mouth |
| BE | barium enema |
| BM | bowel movement |
| CCE | cholecystectomy |
| EGD | esophagogastroduodenoscopy |
| ERCP | endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography |
| EUS | endoscopic ultrasound |
| FOBT | fecal occult blood test |
| GERD | gastroesophageal reflux disease |
| GI | gastrointestinal |
| HAV, HBV, HCV | Hepatitis A virus, hep B, hep C |
| IBD | inflammatory bowel disease |
| IBS | irritable bowel syndrome |
| LFT | liver function test |
| NGT | nasogastric tube |
| NPO | nothing by mouth (nihil per os) |
| N&V | nausea and vomiting |
| PEG | percutaneous endoscopic gastrotomy |
| PEJ | percutaneous endoscopic jejunostomy |
| PUD | peptic ulcer disease |
| RLQ | right lower quadrant |
| RUQ | right upper quadrant |
| LLQ | left lower quadrant |
| LUQ | left upper quadrant |
| UGI | upper gastrointestinal |
| glomerul/o | root for glomerulus (glomeruli) |
| nephr/o, ren/o | roots for kidney |
| pyel/o | root for renal pelvis |
| ur/o, urin/o | roots for urine |
| lith/o | root for stone |
| cyst/o, vesic/o | roots for bladder |
| urethr/o | root for urethra |
| ureter/o | root for ureter |
| meat/o | root for opening |
| balan/o | root for penis |
| epididym/o | root for epididymis |
| orch/o, orchi/o, orchid/o, test/o, testicul/o | roots for testicle |
| prostat/o | root for prostate |
| sperm/o, spermat/o, sperm/i | roots for sperm |
| anuria | lack of urination |
| cystalgia | pain in the bladder |
| cystodynia | pain in the bladder |
| cystoplegia | bladder paralysis |
| dysuria | painful urination |
| enuresis | involuntary urination |
| hematuria | bloody urination |
| incontinence | inability to control urination |
| nephralgia | pain in the kidney |
| nocturia | nighttime urination |
| nocturnal enuresis | nighttime involuntary urination |
| oliguria | low urine output |
| polydipsia | excessive thirst |
| polyuria | excessive urination |
| pyuria | pus in the urine |
| ureteralgia | pain in the ureter |
| urethrodynia | pain in the urethra |
| urethtorrhea | discharge from the urethra |
| urocyanosis | blue urine |
| urodynia | painful urination |
| balanorrhea | discharge from the penis |
| orchialgia | testicle pain |
| orchidoptosis | downward displacement of a testicle |
| orchiodynia | testicle pain |
| priapism | persistent and painful erection |
| albuminuria | protein in the urine |
| azotemia | excess nitrogen in the blood |
| azotorrhea | excessive discharge of nitrogen |
| azoturia | excess nitrogen in the urine |
| cystorrhexis | rupture of the bladder |
| dipsogenic | creating thirst |
| glucosuria | sugar in the urine |
| glycosuria | sugar in the urine |
| hyperkalemia | excessive potassium in the blood |
| hyponatremia | low sodium in the blood |
| ketolysis | breakdown of ketones |
| ketonuria | presence of ketones in the urine |
| meatal stenosis | narrowing of the opening of the urethra |
| nephroptosis | downward displacement of a kidney |
| nephrosis | kidney condition |
| uremia | urine in the blood |
| ureterocele | hernia or a ureter |
| ureterolithiasis | presence of stone in a ureter |
| ureterostenosis | narrowing of a ureter |
| urethrospasm | involuntary contraction of the urethra |
| urethrostenosis | narrowing of the nurethra |
| cystoscopy | process for examining the bladder |
| meatoscope | instrument for examining the opening of the urethra |
| meatoscopy | process for examining the opening of the urethra |
| nephroscopy | procedure for examining a kidney |
| resectoscope | instrument for examining and cutting (usually the prostate) |
| ureteroscopy | process of examining a ureter |
| urethroscope | instrument for examining the urethra |
| urethroscopy | process of examining the urethra |
| urethroscope | instrument for examining the urethra |
| urethroscopy | process of examining the urethra |
| urinalysis | analysis or the urine to determine presence of abnormal elements |
| blood urea nitrogen (BUN) | nitrogen in the blood in the form of urea; it is the product of th breakdown of amino acids for energy |
| diuresis | excessive urination |
| nephrologist | specialist in the kidneys |
| nephrology | study of the kidneys |
| urologist | specialist in the urinary tract |
| urology | study of the urinary tract |
| uropoiesis | formation of urine |
| uroxanthin | substance in urine that makes it yellow |
| voiding | urination |
| anorchidism | lack of a testicle |
| aspermia | condition characterized by lack of sperm |
| azoospermia | condition characterized by lack of living sperm |
| cryptorchidism | hidden testicle |
| hydrocele | fluid-filled mass in a testicle |
| hypospadias | birth defect in which the opening of the urethra is on the underside, instead of the end, of the penis |
| oligospermia | condition characterized by low sperm production |
| phimosis | contraction of the foreskin of the penis, preventing it from being retracted |
| prostatolith | stone in the prostate |
| prostatomegaly | abnormal enlargement of the prostate |
| prostatorrhea | discharge from the prostate |
| seminoma | type of testicular cancer arising from sperm-forming tissue |
| spermatocele | hernia or distention of the epididymis caused by sperm cells |
| spermatolysis | destruction of sperm cells |
| digital rectal exam (DRE) | examination of the prostate using a finger inserted into the rectum |
| ejaculation | emission of semen from the urethra |
| gonads | pair of organs used for sexual reproduction |
| spermatogenesis | creation of sperm |
| vas deferens | vessel carrying sperm from the testicles |
| cystogram | image of the bladder |
| cystography | process for recording/imagine the bladder |
| nephrogram | image of a kidney |
| nephrography | procedure for imaging a kidney |
| nephrosonography | procedure for imaging a kidney using sound waves |
| pyelogram | image of the renal pelvis |
| renal angiogram | image of a kidney blood vessel |
| renal angiography | process of imaging a kidney blood vessel |
| renal arteriogram | image of a kidney artery |
| retrograde pyelogram | image of the renal pelvis produced by injecting a contrast dye from the bladder to the kidney |
| ultrasonography | imaging procedure using high-frequency sound waves |
| voiding cystourethrogram (VCUG) | imagine procedure of the bladder and urethra produced during urination |
| transrectal ultrasonography | procedure using a probe inserted into the rectum using high- frequency |
| urethrogram | image of the urethra |
| cystitis | inflammation of the bladder |
| cystocele | hernia of the bladder |
| cystolith | stone in the bladder |
| cystoptosis | downward displacement of the bladder |
| cystospasm | involuntary contraction of the bladder |
| cystoureteritis | inflammation of the bladder and ureter |
| cystourethrocele | hernia of the bladder and urethra |
| glomerulonephritis | inflammation of the kidneys involving primarily the glomeruli |
| glomerulopathy | disease of the kidney involving primarily the glomeruli |
| glomerulosclerosis | hardening of teh glomeruli |
| hydronephrosis | kidney condition caused by the obstruction of urine flow |
| lithonephritis | inflammation of the kidneys caused by stones |
| nephritis | inflammation of the kidney |
| nephrocele | hernia of a kidney |
| nephrohypertrophy | overdevelopment of the kidney |
| nephrolithiasis | presence of stones in the kidney |
| nephromalacia | abnormal softening of a kidney |
| nephromegaly | abnormal enlargement of a kidney |
| nephropathy | any kidney disease |
| nephroptosis | downward displacement of a kidney |
| nephrosclerosis | abnormal hardening of a kidney |
| polycystic kidney disease (PKD) | disease characterized by the formation of many fluid-filled cysts in the kidneys |
| pyelitis | inflammation of the renal pelvis |
| pyelocystitis | inflammation of the renal pelvis and bladder |
| pyelocystostomosis | creation of an opening between the renal pelvis and bladder |
| pyelonephritis | inflammation of the kidney and renal pelvis |
| pyelopathy | disease of the renal pelvis |
| pyeloureterectasia | dilation of the renal pelvis and ureter |
| pyonephritis | inflammation of the kidney caused by pus |
| pyonephrolithiasis | presence of pus and stones in the kidney |
| pyopyelectasis | pus in a dilated renal pelvis |
| renal failure | kidney failure |
| renal ischemia | deficiency of blood in a kidney |
| stress urinary incontinence (SUI) | loss of bladder control caused by the application of external pressure |
| ureteritis | inflammation of a ureter |
| ureteropyelitis | inflammation of a ureter and renal pelvis |
| ureteropyelonephritis | inflammation of a kidney, renal pelvis, and ureter |
| urethritis | inflammation of the urethra |
| urethrocystitis | inflammation of the urethra and bladder |
| urinary tract infection (UTI) | infection of the urinary tract |
| uropathy | disease of the urinary tract |
| vesicocele | hernia of the bladder |
| vesicourethral reflux (VUR) | abnormal flow of urine from the bladder back into the ureters |
| balanitis | inflammation of the penis |
| benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH) | noncancerous overdevelopment of the prostate, aka enlarged prostate |
| benign prostate hypertrophy | another term for benign prostate hyperplasia |
| epididymitis | inflammation of the epididymis |
| epididymo-orchitis | inflammation of the testicles and epidydymis |
| orchiditis | inflammation of the testicles |
| orchiepididymitis | inflammation of the testicles and epididymis |
| orchiopathy | disease of the testicles |
| orchitis | inflammation of the testicles |
| prostatitis | inflammation of the prostate |
| prostatocystitis | inflammation of the prostate and bladder |
| prostatovesiculitis | inflammation of the prostate and seminal vesicles |
| testitis | inflammation of a testicle |
| varicocele | overexpansion of the blood vessels of teh testicles, leading to a soft tumor |
| cystoma | tumor of the bladder |
| hypernephroma | another name for renal cell carcinoma |
| nephroma | kidney tumor |
| renal cell carcinoma | cancer of the kidneys |
| seminoma | type of testicular cancer arising from sperm-forming tissue |
| testicular carcinoma | testicular cancer |
| chlamydia | sexually transmitted disease characterized by genital discharge and painful urination, caused by bacterium |
| gonorrhea | sexually transmitted disease characterized by discharge from the gonads, caused by bacterium |
| herpes simplex virus (HSV) | a family of highly contagious viruses that affect mucous membranes and produce watery blisters that eventually scab over |
| human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) | a disease that compromises a patient's immune system leaving them open to other opportunistic infections. the late stage of this is referred to as AIDS |
| human papilloma virus (HPV) | a virus that can cause warts and precancerous lesions in genital areas |
| syphilis | a sexually transmitted disease characterized at first by skin irritations then later developing into neurological and heart symptoms, caused by bacteria treponema pallidum |
| trichomoniasis | sexually transmitted disease characterized by genital itching, painful urination, and genital discharge, caused by parasite trichomonas vaginalis |
| antispasmodic | drug used to prevent spasms |
| diuretic | agent that causes urination |
| spermicide | agent that kills sperm |
| spermolytic | agent that kills sperm |
| nephrotoxin | agent poisonous to the kidney |
| cystectomy | surgical removal of the bladder |
| cystolithectomy | surgical removal of a stone in the bladder |
| cystostomy | creation of an opening in the bladder |
| extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy )ESWL) | breakdown of kidney stones using sound waves generated outside the body |
| fulguration | use of electric current to destroy tissue |
| heminephrectomy | surgical removal of half a kidney |
| heminephroureterectomy | surgical removal of half a kidney and a ureter |
| hemodialysis | procedure for removing waste from the bloodstream |
| intracorporeal lithotripsy | breakdown of kidney stones using a device placed inside the body |
| kidney dialysis | procedure for removing waste from the blood (hemodialysis) |
| laparonephrectomy | surgical removal of a kidney through the abdomen |
| lithectomy | surgical removal of a stone |
| lithocystotomy | incision into the bladder to remove a stone |
| lithonephrotomy | incision into a kidney to remove a stone |
| lithotripsy | breakdown of a stone |
| meatoplasty | surgical reconstruction of the opening of the urethra |
| meatorrhaphy | suture of the opening of the urethra |
| meatotomy | incision into the opening of the urethra |
| nephrectomy | surgical removal of a kidney through the abdomen |
| nephrocystanastomosis | opening of a passageway between a kidney and a bladder |
| nephrolithotomy | incision into a kidney to remove a stone |
| nephropexy | surgical fixation of a kidney |
| nephrorrhaphy | suture of a kidney |
| nephrostomy | creation of an opening in a kidney |
| nephrotomy | incision into a kidney |
| nephroureterectomy | surgical removal of a kidney and ureter |
| pyelolithotomy | incision into a renal pelvis to remove a stone |
| pyeloplasty | surgical reconstruction of a renal pelvis |
| pyelostomy | creation of an opening in a renal pelvis |
| pyelotomy | incision into a renal pelvis |
| renal angioplasty | surgical reconstruction of a kidney blood vessel |
| ureterileostomy | creation of an opening between a ureter and the ileum |
| ureteronephrectomy | surgical removal of a kidney and ureter |
| ureteroplasty | surgical reconstruction of a ureter |
| ureterorrhaphy | suture of a ureter |
| urethrectomy | surgical removal of the urethra |
| urethropexy | surgical fixation of the urethra |
| urethroplasty | surgical reconstruction of the urethra |
| urethrotomy | incision into the urethra |
| urinary catheterization | insertion of a catheter into a bladder to drain urine |
| urostomy | creation of an opening in the urinary tract, normally to divert urine flow away from a diseased bladder |
| vesicostomy | creation of an opening in the bladder |
| vesicotomy | incision into the bladder |
| balanoplasty | surgical reconstruction of the penis |
| circumcision | surgical removal of the foreskin of the penis |
| epididymectomy | surgical removal of the epididymis |
| epididymotomy | incision into the epididymis |
| hydrocelectomy | surgical removal of a hydrocele |
| orchidectomy | surgical removal of a testicle |
| orchidopexy | surgical fixation of a testicle |
| orchidotomy | incision into a testicle |
| orchiectomy | surgical removal of a testicle |
| orchiopexy | surgical fixation of a testicle |
| orchioplasty | surgical reconstruction of a testicle |
| prostatectomy | surgical removal of the prostate |
| prostatolithotomy | incision into the prostate to remove a stone |
| prostatovesiculectomy | surgical removal of the prostate and seminal vesicles |
| transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP) | procedure of removing all or part of the prostate by the insertion of a resectoscope into the urethra |
| vasectomy | surgical removal of the vas deferens |
| vasovasectomy | creation of an opening between two vessels; this is the technical term for a vasectomy reversal |
| vesiculectomy | surgical removal of the seminal vesicles |
| BUN | blood urea nitrogen |
| Bx | biopsy |
| cath | catheter |
| ESWL | extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy |
| HD | hemodialysis |
| I&O | intake and output |
| IVP | intravenous pyelogram |
| IVU | intravenous urogram |
| KUB | kidneys, ureters, bladder |
| OAB | overactive bladder |
| PKD | polycystic kidney disease |
| RP | retrograde pyelogram |
| SUI | stress urinary incontinence |
| UA | urinalysis |
| UTI | urinary tract infection |
| VCUG | voiding cystourethrogram |
| VUR | vesicoureteral reflux |
| colp/o, vagin/o | roots for vagina |
| episi/o, vulv/o | roots for vulva |
| perine/o | root for perineum |
| gynec/o, gyn/o | roots for woman |
| mast/o, mamm/o | roots for breast |
| lact/o | root for milk |
| cervic/o | root for cervix |
| hyster/o, metr/o, uter/o | root for uterus |
| pelv/i | root for pelvis |
| oophor/o, ovari/o | roots for ovary |
| men/o | root for menstruation |
| salping/o | root for fallopian tube |
| amni/o | root for amnion |
| -cyesis | suffix for pregnancy |
| chori/o,, chorion/o | roots for chorion |
| toc/o | root for labor |
| fet/o | root for fetus |
| part/o, nat/o | roots for birth |
| amenorrhea | no menstruation |
| colpostenosis | narrowing in the vaginal opening |
| dysmenorrhea | painful menstruation |
| dyspareunia | painful sexual intercouurse |
| gynecomastia | development of breast tissue in males |
| hysteralgia | pain in the uterus |
| hysterodynia | pain in the uteris |
| leukorrhea | white vaginal discharge |
| mastalgia | breast pain |
| mastoptosis | downward displacement of the breast (drooping) |
| menorrhagia | excessive menstrual flow |
| menorrhalgia | painful menstruation |
| metromenorrhagia | excessive menstrual bleeding at irregular intervals |
| metrorrhagia | menstrual bleeding at irregular times |
| oligomenorrhea | infrequent or light menstrual periods |
| overalgia | pain of the ovaries |
| ovarialgia | pain of the ovaries |
| perineocele | hernia in the perineal region |
| polymenorrhea | menstrual periods occurring with greater-than-normal frequency |
| vaginodynia | vaginal pain |
| vulvodynia | pain in the vulva |
| amniorrhea | discharge of amniotic fluid |
| amniorrhexis | rupture of the amniotic sac |
| braxton hicks contraction | sporadic contractions of the uterine muscles of women not in labor, aka false labor |
| contraction | shortening or tightening of a muscle, during labor, the uterine muscles contract |
| amastia | absence of breast |
| cervical dysplasia | bad formation of cervical cells |
| colpoptosis | downward displacement of the vagina |
| episiostenosis | narrowing of the vulvar opening |
| hematosalpinx | blockage in a fallopian tube caused by blood |
| hydrosalpinx | blockage in a fallopian tube caused by water (or any clear fluid) |
| hypermastia | excessively large breasts |
| hypomastia | abnormally small breasts |
| hysteroptosis | downward displacement of the uterus into the vagina |
| macromastia | abnormally large breasts |
| micromastia | abnormally small breasts |
| oophorocystosis | ovarian cysts |
| pyosalpinx | blockage in a fallopian tube caused by pus |
| uterine prolapse | downward displacement of the uterus into the vagina |
| colposcope | instrument used to examine the vagina |
| colposcopy | procedure for examining the vagina |
| hysteroscope | instrument for examining the uterus |
| hysteroscopy | procedure for examining the uterus |
| pap smear | test used to detect cancer cells, most commonly in the cervix |
| vaginoscope | instrument used to examine the vagina |
| endometrium | inner layer of uterine tissue |
| gynecologist | specialist in medical issues specific to women |
| gynecology | study of medical issues specific to women |
| menarche | first menstruation |
| myometrium | middle layer of uterine muscle tissue |
| perimetrium | tissue on the outside of the uterus, the outer layer of the uterus |
| speculum | device for examining a body cavity, most commonly the vagina |
| bradytocia | slow labor |
| cephalopelvic disproportion (CPD) | condition characterized by the inability of the mother's pelvis to allow the baby to pass through the birth canal |
| congenital anomaly | irregular condition that is present at the time of birth |
| dystocia | difficult labor |
| eutocia | normal labor |
| gravida | another term for pregnant |
| hysterocele | hernia of the uterus |
| hysterorrhexis | rupture of the uterus |
| lactogenic | causing the formation of milk |
| lactorrhea | discharge of milk |
| macrosomnia | baby with a large body |
| microcephalus | baby with a small head |
| oligohydramnios | not enough amniotic fluid |
| polyhydramnios | excessive amniotic fluid |
| aminocentesis | surgical puncture of the amnion |
| amnioscope | instrument for examining the amnion |
| amnioscopy | procedure for examining the amnion |
| cardiotocograph | instrument for recording the baby's heart rate during contractions; also known as a fetal heart monitor |
| fetometry | procedure for measuring the fetus |
| pelvicephalometry | procedure for measuring the head size of the baby and the pelvix size of the mother |
| pelvimetry | procedure for measuring the pelvis |
| tocodynagraph | instrument for recording the strength of labor contractions |
| tocography | procedure for recording the strength of labor contractions |
| conception | the process of conceiving a child |
| fertilization | the process of an egg and sperm joining to conceive a child |
| gestation | the process of carrying a child from conception until birth |
| implantation | the process of a fertilized egg attaching or adhering to the uterus, this enables it to begin to receive oxygen and nutrients from the mother to continue to growq |
| ovulation | the process of an egg being released from an ovary |
| contraception | a process that prevents or hinders the conception of a child |
| teratogenic | causing the formation of birth defects |
| teratology | branch of medicine dealing with the study of birth defects and their causes |
| antepartum | time before birth |
| intrapartum | time during birth |
| lactation | production of milk |
| natal | pertaining to birth |
| neonatal | pertaining to new birth, normally the first 28 days after birth |
| neonatologist | specialist in the neonatal period |
| neonatology | study of the neonatal period |
| obstetrician | specialist in pregnancy, labor, and delivery of newborns |
| obstetrics | branch of medicine dealing with pregnancy, labor, and delivery of newborns |
| perinatal | time around birth, normally ranging from 28 weeks of pregnancy to 28 days after pregnancy |
| perinatologist | specialist in the perinatal period |
| perinatology | branch of medicine dealing with the perinatal period |
| postnatal | pertaining to after birth |
| postpartum | pertaining to after birth |
| prenatal | pertaining to before birth |
| cervicography | procedure for imaging the cervix |
| hysterosalpingogram | record of the uterus and fallopian tubes |
| mammogram | record of a breast exam |
| sonohysterography | procedure using sound waves to examine the uterus |
| transvaginal sonography | imagine procedure using sound waves emitted from a device inserted in the vagina |
| hysterography | procedure for imagine the uterus |
| pelvic sonograph | instrument for imaging the pelvis using sound waves |
| cervicitis | inflammation of the cervix |
| cervicocolpitis | inflammation of the cervix and vagina |
| cervicovaginitis | inflammation of the cervix and vagina |
| colpitis | inflammation of the vagina |
| colpocystitis | inflammation of the vagina and urinary bladder |
| cystocele | hernia of the urinary bladder into the vagina |
| endocervicitis | inflammation of the inside of the cervix |
| endometriosis | condition in which endometrium cells appear and grow outside the uterus |
| endometritis | inflammation of the endometrium |
| mastitis | inflammation of the breast |
| menopause | cessation of menstruation |
| metrocolpocele | hernia of the uterus and prolapse into the vagina |
| metrophlebitis | inflammation of the blood vessels of the uterus |
| myometritis | inflammation of the myometrium |
| oophoritis | inflammation of an ovary |
| oophoroma | ovarian tumor |
| ovariorrhexis | rupture of an ovary |
| ovaritis | inflammation of an ovary |
| perimetritis | inflammation of the perimetrium |
| rectocele | hernia or protrusion of the rectum into the vagina |
| salpingitis | inflammation of a fallopian tube |
| salpingocele | hernia of a fallopian tube |
| salpingo-oophoritis | inflammation of a fallopian tube and ovary |
| urethrocele | hernia or prolapse of the urethra into the vagina |
| vaginitis | inflammation of the vagina |
| vaginomycosis | fungal condition of the vagina |
| vaginosis | condition of the vagina |
| vesicovaginal fistula | abnormal opening between the urinary bladder and the vagina |
| vulvitis | inflammation of the vulva |
| vulvovaginitis | inflammation of the vulva and vagina |
| abortion | termination of pregnancy |
| abruptio placentae | separation of the placenta from the wall of the uterus |
| chorioamnionitis | inflammation of the chorion and amnion |
| chorionitis | inflammation of the chorion |
| eclampsia | severe, life threatening complication of pregnancy characterized by seizures |
| ectopic pregnancy | implantation of a fertilized egg in a place other than the uterus |
| hyperemesis gravidarum | pregnancy-related vomiting; an extreme form of the more common morning sickness |
| hyseterorrhexis | rupture of the uterus |
| ovariocyesis | ectopic pregnancy in an ovary |
| placenta previa | condition in which the placenta is attached to the uterus near the cervix |
| preeclampsia | condition characterized by high blood pressure and high protein in the urine |
| pseudocyesis | false pregnancy |
| salpingocyesis | ectopic pregnancy in a fallopian tube |
| spontaneous abortion | naturally occurring termination of pregnancy, miscarriage |
| adenocarcinoma of the breast | glandular tumor in the breast |
| cervical intraepithelial neoplasia | abnormal growth of cervical cells |
| chorioangioma | blood vessel tumor of the chorion |
| choriocarcinoma | cancerous tumor of teh chorion |
| dermoid cyst | ovarian cyst containing skin and sometimes hair, teeth, bone, or cartilage |
| teratoma | another term for a dermoid cyst, the name derives from the contents of the cyst |
| cervicectomy | surgical removal of the cervix |
| colpopexy | surgical fixation of the vagina |
| colpoplasty | surgical reconstruction of the vagina |
| spisiorrhaphy | suture of the vulva |
| hysterectomy | surgical removal of the uterus |
| hysteropexy | surgical fixation of the uterus |
| hysterosalpingoectomy | surgical removal of the uterus and fallopian tubes |
| mammoplasty | surgical reconstruction of a breast |
| masectomy | surgical removal of a breast |
| mastopexy | surgical fixation of a breast |
| myomectomy | surgical removal of a tumor in the muscle |
| oophorectomy | surgical removal of an ovary |
| oophorocystectomy | surgical removal of an ovarian cyst |
| oophorotomy | incision into an ovary |
| ovarian cystectomy | surgical removal of an ovarian cyst |
| ovariocentesis | surgical puncture of an ovary |
| ovariostomy | creation of an opening into an ovary |
| perineoplasty | surgical reconstruction of the perineum |
| perineorrhaphy | suture of the perineum |
| perineotomy | incision into the perineum |
| salpingectomy | surgical removal of a fallopian tube |
| salpingo-oophorectomy | surgical removal of a fallopian tube and ovary |
| salpingopexy | surgical fixation of a fallopian tube |
| vaginoperineoplasty | surgical reconstruction of the vagina and perineum |
| vaginoperineorrhaphy | suture of the vagina and perineum |
| vaginoperineotomy | incision into the vagina and perineum |
| vaginoplasty | surgical reconstruction of the vagina |
| abortifacient | drug or device that causes the termination of pregnancy |
| amniotomy | incision into the amnion |
| cesarean section | delivery of a baby through an incision made in the uterus |
| episiotomy | incision into the vulva |
| hysterotomy | incision into the uterus |
| induced abortion | internal termination of pregnancy |
| in vitro fertilization | fertilization of an egg done in a test tube |
| oxytocin | agent that stimulates uterine contractions and accelerates labor |
| tocolytic | agent that stops or delays premature labor and contractions |
| CIPP | chronic idiopathic pelvic pain |
| Cx | cervix |
| GYN | gynecology |
| HPV | human papillomavirus |
| HRT | hormone replacement therapy |
| HSG | hysterosalpingogram |
| LEEP | loop electrosurgical excision procedure |
| PID | pelvic inflammatory disease |
| PMS | premenstrual syndrome |
| SHG | sonohysterography |
| STD/STI | sexually transmitted disease/infection |
| TAH/BSO | total abdominal hysterectomy/ bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy |
| TSS | toxic shock syndrome |
| VH | vaginal hysterectomy |
| CPD | cephalopelvic disproportion |
| CS, C-section | cesarean section |
| DOB | date of birth |
| EDD | expected date of delivery |
| FAS | fetal alcohol syndrome |
| FOB | father of the baby (fecal occult blood) |
| G | gravida |
| IVF | in vitro fertilization |
| LGA | large for gestational age |
| LMP | last menstrual period |
| P | births |
| RDS | respiratory distress syndrome |
| SGA | small for gestational age |
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