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2023 History Midterm
Belew History Midterm Study Guide - 2023
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What was the Renaissance a rebirth of? | Classical Roman and Greek culture |
| Members of the Society of Jesus were commonly called? | Jesuits |
| The study of classical texts led to ___________, an intellectual movement that focused on human potential and achievement. | humanism |
| This German artist traveled to Italy in 1494 to study artistic techniques and returned to Germany, spreading his ideas to other artists. | Albrecht Durer |
| William Shakespeare is considered the greatest playwright of the ___________________ Age. | Elizabethan |
| This man began the Reformation by nailing his 95 Theses, or formal statements, to the door of a church in Wittenberg, Germany, in 1517. | Martin Luther |
| Protestant is a term that refers to what group of people? | The people protesting against the Catholic Church. |
| What are the reasons that Europeans began to send expeditions to explore the world? | They wanted direct trade with Asia, not wanting the Italian or Ottoman middlemen. Spreading the Word to the “savages” of the world. For non-firstborn nobility to try and build their fortunes. |
| In 1488, this explorer was the first to sail around the southern tip of Africa, naming it the Cape of Good Hope. | Bartholomeu Dias |
| Which European country made first contact with Japan? | Portugal in 1543 |
| When the Japanese started their "closed county policy" only one port remained open to limited outside trade. What was the name of that port? | Nagasaki |
| Japan banned outsiders from trading with their people except under strict controls. This policy was called what? | Closed Country Policy |
| Hernando Cortes was a Spanish soldier who led his troops to conquer which native empire? | The Aztec |
| The Spanish word that means "conquerors" is? | Conquistadors |
| The Spanish forced natives to work on ranches, in mines, and on plantations within a system known as ______________. | Encomienda |
| The war between France and England that started in 1754 is known as ___________________ in America. | The French and Indian War |
| Metacom, also known as _________________, led his people in a war against the Massachusetts colony in 1675. | King Philip |
| A company that works by allowing investors to buy shares of the company with the goal of making a profit is called a ________________ company. | joint-stock |
| The word "specie" refers to what? | Precious Metals |
| This author published what is called the first modern European novel, Don Quixote de la Mancha, in 1605. | Miguel de Cervantes |
| What form of government was established by the United Provinces of the Netherlands after declaring their independence from Spain in 1579? | A republic |
| The idea that God created the monarchy and that the monarch was God's representative on Earth. | Divine Right |
| This minister, appointed by Louis XIII, became the de facto ruler of France in 1624. | Cardinal Richelieu |
| Why did states form more slowly in Central Europe than they did in Western Europe? | Slower economic growth because serfdom lasted longer |
| This Russian leader came to power in 1533 at the age of 3 and would take the title of czar at the age of 16. | Ivan IV (Ivan the Terrible) |
| What was the Glorious Revolution? | The bloodless overthrow of King James II (of England) by William of Orange of the Netherlands and his wife. |
| This thinker believed that, by better understanding the world, scientists could generate practical knowledge that would improve people's lives. | Francis Bacon |
| In 1687, Isaac Newton published a most influential book on his discoveries and described the universe as working like a giant clock. What is the title of this book? | The Mathematical Principles of Natural Philosophy |
| This French philosophe used his dagger-like pen to write satire targeting his opponents - the clergy, aristocracy, and government. "I do not agree with a word you say but will defend to the death your right to say it." | Voltaire (real name is Francois Marie Arouet) |
| This act (actually a series of acts) passed by Parliament in 1651 prevented American colonists from selling their most valuable products to any country except Britain. | Navigation Acts |
| What was the first constitution of the United States of America? | The Articles of Confederation |
| What is the Bill of Rights? | (American) The first ten amendments of the Constitution that protected basic rights. |
| The name of the largest social class in pre-Revolutionary France. | The Third Estate |
| The clergy of the Catholic Church made up which estate? | The First Estate |
| The Second Estate was made up of which group? | Nobility |
| Why did peasants in Paris storm the Bastille on July 14, 1789? | They were searching for gunpowder and arms |
| This is a machine designed to streamline the process of head removal. | Gulliotine |
| What was the Reign of Terror? | The rule under Robespierre where 40,000 people were killed for “not being radical enough” |
| After the failure to reestablish French American colonies, Napoleon sold this to the United States in 1803. | The Louisiana Territory |
| What were the goals of the Congress of Vienna? | Prevent French Aggression Restore a balance of power Restore Europe’s royal families (restore legitimacy) |
| Which elected leader of France declared himself emperor? | Louis-Napoleon (Napoleon III) |
| Rome became the capital of the Kingdom of Italy after the conquest of ______________. | Camillo di Cavour |
| Who was the leader of the Red Shirts? | Giuseppe Garibaldi |
| Who originated the political style known as realpolitik? | Otto von Bismarck |
| One of the first Gothic novels was written by ____________________. | Mary Shelley (Frankenstein) |
| Why did people start to abandon their farms and move to the cities as the Industrial Revolution progressed? | Better farming equipment meant there were fewer farmers needed and factories had more reliable pay. |
| What social class expanded as a result of industrialization? | The Middle Class |
| According to this economist, author of An Essay on the Principle of Population (1798), the earth's population would someday outrun its food supply. | Thomas Malthus |
| What were the reasons that British anti-slavery activists opposed slavery? | Slavery was immoral Slavery was a potential economic threat Industrialists wanted cheap, but not slave labor |
| This American reformer, from Massachusetts, favored free public education for all children. | Horace Mann |
Created by:
Alston Whitten
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