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AnthroPology Exam 4
Chapters 9-12 (weeks 12-15)
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| (W12) Which kind of primate dominated through most of the Miocene and then declined toward the end of that epoch? | Apes |
| How do you pronounce "Epoch" | epic |
| (W12) Which was the largest primate that ever lived? | Gigantopethcus |
| (W12) For which modern ape do we have a relatively good fossil record? | Orangutans |
| (W12 ) Which of these characteristics define a hominin? | Non-honing Canines and Bipedal walking |
| (W12) Which Scholar put fourth the Provisioning Hypothesis for the origin of bipedalism? | C. Owen Lovejoy |
| (W12) True or False? Apes have thinner enamel on their molars than hominins do. | True |
| (W12) True of False? Temporalis is a muscle of mastication (chewing). | True |
| (W12) True or False? Human canine teeth wear on the back edge (not at the tip) | False |
| (W14) What is the most striking difference between an australopithecine and early Homo skull? | The early homo teeth look much more human, specifically the smaller back teeth. |
| (W14) Which came first out of the evolution of homo sapians? | Bipedalism |
| (W14) Which hominin has relatively long arms and short stature, much like an australopithecine? | Homo Habilis |
| (W14) True or False? Multiple species of hominins lived at the same time in East Africa. | True |
| (W14) True or False? Homo Habilis was the first species of hominin to walk out of Africa. | False |
| (W14) What term was used to describe the Early Paleolithic tool industry of early homo habilis. | Olduwan |
| (W14) What is the term for the tool industry made and used by Homo erectus? | Acheulean |
| (W15) What is something we learned about these two bipedal species; Australopithecus boisei and homo erectus. | They were contemporaneous=alive at the same time. |
| (W15) What was the graduate student looking for in the cave known as Sima De Los Huesos? | Bear bones |
| (W15) True or False? Homo erectus, after leaving Africa. rapidly expanded into southeast Asia. | True |
| (W15) True or False? There is no way that "Peking Man" was living in Zhoukoudian cave: it was too steep to walk into, it was more like a faunal trap. | False |
| (W15) Where was the Amud Neanderthal found? | His bones were found in what is now Israel. |
| (W15) True or False? The model that helps explain why some modern humans have Neanderthal DNA is the Assimilation Model. | True |
| What is a Plesiadapiforme? (plays-ia-dap-i-form) | A primate like mammal |
| When did Plesiadapiformes evolve? | In the Paleocene |
| What happened for primates during the Eocene? | Primates of modern aspects evolved into two main groups |
| What was one of the oldest primates that evolved during the Eocene? | Eosimias |
| What happened with anthropoids during the Oligocene? | They had a big adaptive radiation |
| What was the largest primate fossil found in the Fayum, Egypt? | Aegyptopithecus |
| Why is Aegyptopithecus important? | Aegyptopithecus is thought to be the ancestor for all old world monkeys. |
| What is the derived dental formula for sexually dimorphic canines? | 2-1-2-3 |
| What happened for Apes during the miocene? | Apes had a lot of adaptive radiation. They also migrated from europe into Asia. |
| Where did apes first evolve? Were many species of apes alive at the same time? | Africa, yes many different species of apes were alive at this time. |
| Which is more human a monkey or an ape? What evidence suggests either? | Humans are similar to both primates, like monkeys, humans have a long spine that is not attached to our ischium. While humans have similar ribcages to apes, our jaw is also similar to an apes. |
| What apes were alive in the Miocene and where? | The Proconsul, from East Africa. The Dryopithecus from Ethiopia, Sivapithecus from Asia, Gigantopithecus from China, an Oreopithecis, form Southern Europe |
| What happened for Apes toward the end of the Miocene? Why? | Apes began to decline. They were being outcompeted by old world monkeys because they reproduced faster. |
| What is K and R selection? | K and R selection refers to how fast an animal reproduces in relation to its environment. |
| What is K selection and what participates in it? | K selection is where an animal is more likely to reproduce bigger babies in a longer period of time and when their environment is stable. K selected Primates include Apes, and Humans |
| What is R selection and what Participates in it? | R selection is where animals have more babies that are smaller, not depending on their environment. Animals like Monkeys, and rodents |
| True or False K selected animals can become more R selected if their environment is unstable? | True |
| What is Mosaic Evolution? | Where one trait in the body is adapted more then others. |
| What is an example of Mosaic evolution? | Ardi (the oldest Bipedal species of ape) being fully bipedal but still having straits associated with quadruped species of apes. (abducted helix, pelvis was not fully developed for bipedal walking) |
| What happened for monkeys during the Pliocene and Pleistocene? | Many species of monkeys began to multiply. |
| True or False The many climate changes along with the Ice ages occurred during the Pleistocene? | True |
| What is the difference between honing and non honing canines? | Honing is primitive, Nonhoning is derived. |
| True or False? Bipedalism evolved in the savannah. | False, it evolved in the woodlands. |
| What characteristics of Ardipithecus ramidus (ardi) suggested that is was a hybrid? | The upper half of the pelvis had a short ilia, and the presence of an anterior inferior iliac spine and a wide sacrum. While the lower half of the pelvis has a long, ape like Ischium. |
| True or False? Ardi Evolved from a knuckle walking ape? | False, Ardi had a flexible wrist. |
| How did Lucy provide evidence that Bipedalism came before the other evolutionary traits? | Lucy was perfectly bipedal, but she had a small brain and unique teeth. |
| How did the foot prints of Au. Afarensis provide evidence of being habitually bipedal? | Their hallux was straight, and they had a longitudinal arch. |
| What is a Foramen Magnum? | An adaptation for maintain balance of the head atop the cervical vertebral column during bipedalism. |
| What is a Lumbar Lordosis? Do Apes poses it? | The natural curvature of the spine above the ilium. No, their spines are C- Shaped. |
| What is a Bicondylar Angle? Do Apes have it? | It is the inward angle of the human knee to help with balance. Apes do not have it, their knees are straight. |
| Why is Au. Garhi Important? | He might have been the first ape to use stone tools. |
| What were the Robusts skull features? Why do they posses them? | Large Molars and premolars, large face, massive muscle attachments to the skull , zygomatic arch, Large sagittal crest. This is because they chewed a lot of vegetal foods. |
| True or False? Homo habilis had modern teeth. | True |
| When were Olduwan tools used? | 2.6 MYA |
| What were Homo erectus's firsts? | First to walk out of Africa, First to control fire, First to eat a lot of meat, first to have a projecting nose. |
| What were some characteristics of Homo erectus? | Tall, powerful and had strong bones. |
| How old is the Ardipithecus Ramidus (arid's) skeleton? | 4.4 Mya |
| How old is Australopithecus Afarensis (lucy's Skeleton) | 3.2 Mya |
| When were the first humans (homo habilis) belived to be alive? | 2.5-2.8 Mya |
| When did Homo erectus walk out of Africa? | 1.8 Mya |
| True of False? Neanderthals were the ancestor of humans? | False, although they had a common ancestry and bred with humans. |
| What were the characteristics of Neanderthals? | Lived near the artic circle, red hair, fair skin, strong limbs, very large noses. |
| True or False? The Cranial capacity of a Neanderthal was larger then the modern peoples? | True. |
| What were Neanderthals' social behaviors like? | Lived in groups, buried their dead and took care of their sick and disabled. |
| How much does the average person who is not of African decent have of Neanderthal DNA? | 4% |
| When did Neanderthals go extinct? | 30,000 years ago |
| True or False? Neanderthals were wiped out by modern humans? | False |
| True or False? Neanderthals had human speech capabilities? | True |
| True or False? Modern humans have domesticated ourselves? | True, our overall bones and bone structure is much smaller and weaker then our ancestors because of our cultures we do not have to survive in as harsh of conditions. |
| When did modern people evolve and migrate out of Africa? | 100KYA-60Kya |
| Where was the places people migrated to first? | Australia, North America |
Created by:
QueenCooter
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