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Medical Terminology
A list of common terms used in the medical field.
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Angi/o | Vessel |
| Aneurysm/o | Widening of blood vessel |
| Aort/o | Related to the aorta |
| Arteriol/o | Arteriole (Small artery) |
| Ather/o | Fatty plaque |
| Atri/o | Atrium (Related to the two chambers of the heart) |
| Cardio/o | Heart |
| Corono/o | Heart |
| Phleb/o or Ven/o | Vein |
| Thromb/o | Blood clot |
| Vascul/o | Vessel |
| Vas/o | Vessel |
| Ventricul/o | Ventricle |
| Intra - | Within or Inside (usually between two things) |
| Endo - | In or within |
| Myo - | Muscle |
| Peri - | Around |
| Epi - | On, upon, or at |
| - graphy | process of recording (x-ray visualization) |
| - rraphy | suture or surgical repair |
| - stenosis | narrowing of |
| - scler | hardening of |
| - osis | Abnormal condition/ disease |
| - itis | Inflammation of |
| - oma | Tumor/ Swell (Degeneration or thickening) |
| - ventrical | heart chamber |
| - ar / ary | pertaining to |
| - gram | record of activity (e.x. electrocardiogram: record of hearts electrical activity) |
| - ous | pertaining to (e.x. the blood passing through) |
| - lysis | breaking up |
| - spasm | involuntary contraction (spasm) |
| - um | structure |
| Pericardiectomy | Surgical removal of the pericardium (a layer surrounding the heart) |
| - ectomy | surgical removal of a specified part of the body |
| - ology | means study of |
| Cardiology | Study of the heart or related structures |
| Cardiologist | A physician who's an expert in the care of your heart and blood vessels |
| - ologist | An expert or student in an academic branch of learning |
| Pediatric Cardiologist | Specialize in diagnosing and treating heart problems in children |
| Interventional Cardiologist | A cardiologist with one to two years of additional education and training in diagnosing and treating cardiovascular disease as well as congenital (present at birth) and structural heart conditions through catheter-based procedures |
| Cardiothoracic Surgeon | A surgeon who performs surgery on the organs in your chest, such as your heart, lungs and esophagus |
| Vascular Surgeon | A specialist who diagnoses and treats problems with your blood vessels |
| Angi/o/graphy | process of recording blood vessels : x-ray visualization of vessels after contrast medium |
| Aneurysm/o/rrhaphy | (suture of a blood vessel) Closes the area of dilation and weakness in the wall of an artery |
| Aort/o/stenosis | Narrowing of the aorta. |
| Arteri/o/scler/osis | Abnormal hardening of arterial walls |
| Arteriol/itis | Inflammation of an arteriole |
| Ather/oma | Fatty degeneration or thickening |
| Atri/o/ventricul/ar | Pertaining to the atrium and the ventricle |
| Electr/o/cardi/o/gram | Record of electrical activity of the heart |
| Coron/ary | Pertaining to the heart |
| Phleb/itis | Inflammation of a vein |
| Vein/ous | Pertaining to the veins or the blood passing through |
| Thromb/o/ lysis | Breaking up of a thrombus |
| Vascul/ar | Pertaining to or composed of blood vessels |
| Vas/o/spasm | Involuntary contraction (spasm) of a blood vessel |
| Intra/ventricul/ar | Within a ventricle |
| Endocardium | Innermost layer that lines the atria, ventricles and heart valves |
| Myocardium | Muscular layer of the heart. It contracts in a coordinated way to pump blood. |
| Pericardium | A membrane that surrounds the heart |
| Ischemia | Reduced blood flow leading to myocardial suffering cells. A condition in which blood flow (and thus oxygen) is restricted or reduced in a part of the body |
| Acute Coronary Syndrome (ACS) | Syndrome that includes acute ischemia of the myocardium because of a blood clot blocking blood flow through a coronary artery. Is considered severe. Treatment: Nitroglycerin drug, thrombolytic drug, oxygen therapy. |
| Angina Pectoris | Mild-to-severe chest pain caused by ischemia of the myocardium. It is a warning sign of myocardial infarction. Symptoms include diaphoresis, pressure-like sensation in the chest. Treatment: Nitroglycerin drug, oxygen |
| Infarction | Tissue death |
| Diaphoresis | Sweating, especially to an unusual degree as a symptom of disease or a side effect of a drug. |
| Myocardial Infarction (MI) | Death of myocardial cells due to severe ischemia. |
| Coronary artery disease (CAD) | Arteriosclerosis of the coronary arteries. They are filled with atheromatous plaque, and their narrowed lumens cannot carry enough oxygenated blood to the myocardium. This results in angina pectoris. |
| Murmur | Abnormal heart sound created by turbulence as blood leaks through a defective heart valve. |
| Vital signs | Procedure during a physical examination to measure the temperature, heart rate (pulse), and respirations (TPR) as well as the blood pressure (BP). |
| Congestive Heart Failure (CHF) | Inability of the heart to pump sufficient amounts of blood. It is caused by coronary artery disease or hypertension. |
| Cardiomegaly | Enlargement of the heart, usually due to congestive heart failure. |
| Cardiomyopathy | Any disease condition of the heart muscle that includes heart enlargement and heart failure. |
| Endocarditis | Inflammation and bacterial infection of the endocardium lining a heart valve. Acute endocarditis causes a high fever and shock, while subacute bacterial endocarditis (SBE) causes fever, fatigue, and aching muscles. Treatment: Antibiotic drug. |
| Pericarditis | Inflammation or infection of the pericardial sac with an excessive accumulation of pericardial fluid. When the fluid compresses the heart and prevents it from beating, this is cardiac tamponade. Treatment: Antibiotic drug, or pericardiocentesis |
| - centesis | Surgery. a puncture or perforation. a puncture into a body cavity, usually to remove fluid. |
| Pericardiocentesis | A procedure done to remove fluid that has built up in the sac around the heart (pericardium) |
| Rheumatic heart disease | Autoimmune response to a noncardiac streptococcal (bacterial) infection, such as strep throat. Rheumatic heart disease occurs most often in children and is known as rheumatic fever. |
| Arrhythmia | Any type of irregularity in the rate or rhythm of the heart. |
| Bradycardia | Arrhythmia in which the heart beats too slowly (Below 60-100bpm) |
| Fibrillation | Arrhythmia in which there is a very fast, uncoordinated quivering of the myocardium. It can affect the atria or ventricles. Ventricular fibrillation a life-threatening emergency in which the heart is unable to pump blood. Treatment: Defibrillation. |
| Asystole | Complete absence of a heartbeat. This is also known as cardiac arrest. Treatment: Cardiopulmonary resuscitation |
| C-reactive protein (CRP) | Test to measure the level of inflammation in the body. |
| Lipid Profile | Test that provides a comprehensive picture of the blood levels of cholesterol and triglycerides and their lipoprotein carriers |
| Troponin | Test to measure the level of two proteins that are released into the blood when myocardial cells die. |
| Cardiac catheterization | Procedure performed to study the anatomy and pressures in the heart. |
| Echocardiography | Procedure that uses a transducer to produce ultrasound to create an image of the heart |
| Transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) | May be ordered when a standard echocardiogram has a poor- quality image |
| HDL | High Density Lipoprotein: Good Cholesterol |
| HTN | Hypertension: High blood pressure |
| SBE | Subacute Bacterial Endocarditis: Bacterial infection inside the heart |
| AAA | Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm: Type of aneurysm |
| CRP | C-reactive Protein: Test to detect inflammation in the heart |
| VSD | Ventricular Septal Defect: Hole in the septum between the ventricles |
| TPR | Vital Signs: Temperature, pulse, respiration |
| mm Hg | Millimeter's of Mercury: Measurement of blood pressure |
| TEE | Transesophageal Echocardiogram: Heart test that goes into the esophagus |
| LVAD | Left Ventricle Assessed Device: May be used instead of heart transplantation |
| Hypercholesterolemia | Substance in the blood (of a) more than normal (level of) cholesterol |
| Tachycardia | Pertaining to a fast heart rate |
| Intraluminal | Pertaining to the lumen of a blood vessel |
| Hyperlipidemia | Substance in the blood of a more than normal level of fat |
| Supraventricular | Pertaining to an area above the ventricle |
| Endarterectomy | Surgical removal (of plaque from) within (an) artery |
| Hypertensive | Pertaining to below (normal blood) pressure |
| Coronarography | A filmed radiography of your coronary arteries |
| Thrombophlebitis | Inflammation of or infection of a blood clot in a vein |
| Sphygmomanometer | Instrument used to measure the pulse of the blood pressure using a thin cuff |
| Idiopathic | Pertaining to (an) unknown (cause of a) disease |
| ACE (angiotensinconverting enzyme) inhibitor drugs | Treat congestive heart failure (CHF) and hypertension. |
| Antiarrhythmic drugs | Treat arrhythmias |
| Antihypertensive drugs | Treat hypertension |
| Aspirin | Prevents heart attacks. Prevents blood clots from forming by keeping platelets from sticking together. |
| Beta-blocker drugs | Treat angina pectoris and hypertension. |
| Thrombolytic drugs | Treat a blood clot that is blocking blood flow through an artery |
| Valve replacement | Procedure to replace a severely damaged or prolapsed heart valve with an artificial valve, or prosthesis |
| Valvoplasty | Procedure to reconstruct a heart valve to correct stenosis or prolapse. A valvulotome is used to cut the valve. This procedure is also known as a valvuloplasty. |
| Percutaneous Transluminal Coronary Angioplasty (PTCA) | Procedure to reconstruct a coronary artery that is narrowed because of atherosclerosis. |
| Coronary Artery Bypass Graft (CABG) | Procedure to bypass an occluded coronary artery and restore blood flow to the myocardium. |
| - tomy | A combining form meaning “cutting, incision” of an organ, “excision” of an object |
| - ectomy | denoting surgical removal of a specified part of the body |
| Thoracotomy | A surgical procedure in which a cut is made between the ribs to see and reach the lungs or other organs in the chest or thorax |
| Sternotomy | A procedure to separate your sternum (breastbone) |
| Cardiotomy | A surgical procedure where an incision is made in the heart |
| Thrombectomy | Involves using a specially-designed clot removal device inserted through a catheter to pull or suck out the clot, to restore blood flow. |
Created by:
Marwane
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