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Vocabulary
Unit 38: Integumentary System
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Epidermis | Top most layer of the skin (mostly dead outer skin cells). There are millions of nerve endings in this layer to protect us from harm and keep us safe from our environment. |
| Dermis | Layer of skin located under the epidermis. Contains blood vessels, sweat glands, oil glands, and hair follicles. |
| Subcutaneous tissue | layer of skin located under the epidermis and dermis. |
| Rubra | very red, flushed skin. |
| Pallor | very pale skin. |
| Cyanotic | bluish skin (usually indicates hypoxia - low oxygen). |
| Macules | flat, discolored spots (eg. Measles). |
| Papules | small, solid raised spots (eg. Chicken Pox). |
| Pustules | raised spots filled with pus (eg. Acne). |
| Vesicles | raised spots filled with watery fluids (eg. blisters). |
| Wheals | large, raised areas associating with itching (eg. hives). |
| Excoriations | simply a scrape on the skin. |
| Crusts | area of dried body secretions (eg. scab) |
| Allergies | sensitivity reactions. |
| Allergen | the material, animal, or thing that is causing the allergic reaction (eg. grass, pollen, dust, animal dander, eggs, shellfish, peanuts, etc). |
| Anaphylactic shock | a severe sensitivity reaction (sometimes can cause swelling in the throat and can lead to death) - (must give EpiPen shot in outer thigh if available and call 911!). |
| Contraindicated | against indication, not permitted, DO NOT DO! |
| Pressure ulcers | Also called decubitus ulcers, bedsores, dermal ulcers, pressure sores. Open areas on skin caused by prolonged pressure (turn the patient/ resident every 2 hours and give skin care in order to prevent skin breakdown). |
| Four stages of Ulcers | Stage 1: slightly pink or red skin. Stage 2: through epidermis. Stage 3: through epidermis and subcutaneous tissue. Stage 4: through all layers of skin exposing muscle tissue and bone. |
| Necrosis | dead skin tissue, usually black in color. |
| Shearing | Occurs when the skin moves in one direction, while the structures under the skin, such as bones, remain fixed in one place or move in the opposite direction. This can cause skin breakdown. |
| Three types of Skin Cancer | Basal cell: most treatable. Squamous cell: treatable, but more invasive. Melanoma: treatable if found early - very invasive with high mortality rate. |
| Jaundice | yellowish skin (usually caused by gallbladder or liver disease). |
| Dermatology | the study of the skin. |
| Dermatologist | a specialist in skin. |
| Dermatitis | inflammation of the skin. |
| Xeroderma | dry skin. |
| Lipoma | fatty tumor (usually benign/ not cancerous). |
| Hematoma | tumor or lump filled with blood. |
| Eschar | dead tissue (usually black in color). |
| People/ residents/ clients/ patients who are at increased risk for developing pressure uclers | elderly, malnourished, obese, dementia, coma, (paralyzed, immobility), incontinent, debilitated, dehydrated, subject to shearing, circulation impaired, or diabetes. |
| Cicatrix | scar. |
| Keloid | abnormally thick, large, or raised scar. |
| Hirsutism | very hairy. |
| Onychophagia | to bite and swallow your fingernails. |
| Abrasion | scrapes on the skin. |
| Integumentary system | body system made up of the skin, hair, and nails. |
| Lesions | any changes in the skin structure. |
| Ecchymosis | bruise. |
| Senile purpura | dark purple bruises on the forearms and backs of hands most commonly seen in the elderly. |
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hunnytoons.
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