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Classic India China
Classical India, Ancient China and Classical China Vocabulary Guide
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What geographically isolated China for thousands of years? | Mountains in the western part of China (i.e. Himalayan Mountains) and the Gobi Desert in the northern part of China. |
| Ethnocentrism | Belief in the superiority of one's ethnic group. |
| The Chinese developed an ethnocentric attitude because they were isolated for a long period of time and only had contact with barbarians in the north. They called themselves this. | Middle Kingdom |
| Population distribution of China | Most people live in the Eastern 1/3 of China because the terrain of western China is so mountainous. |
| The cutting out of flat areas (terraces) into near vertical slopes to allow farming. This adaptation allowed the early Chinese to grow enough food for their large populations. | Terrace Farming |
| A series of rulers from the same family | Dynasty |
| (1766-1122 BCE) The Chinese dynasty that rose to power due to bronze metallurgy and war chariots. Believed in oracles, mysticism, dragons and magic. | Shang Dynasty |
| Animal bones, tortoise shells and other bones carved with written characters which were used for telling the future. First use of written characters in China. | Oracle Bones |
| Created the fabled story of the Xia Dynasty in order to justify the overthrow of the Shang. They created the "Mandate of Heaven" based off of this story. | Zhou Dynasty |
| This dynasty started the Dynastic Cycle. | Zhou Dynasty |
| A political theory developed during the Zhou Dynasty of ancient China in which those in power were believed to have the right to rule from divine (heavenly or godly) authority. | Mandate of Heaven |
| rise and fall of Chinese dynasties according to the Mandate of Heaven | Dynastic Cycle |
| Chaotic and disorderly period during the end of the Zhou Dynasty. | Warring States Period in China |
| This time period led to the three major Chinese philosophies (Legalism, Daoism/Taoism, and Confucianism). | Warring States Period |
| The philosophers of these belief systems lived through the chaos of the Warring States Period and created their philosophies to create order out of the disorder of the Warring States Period. They all had a different philosophy to create order in society. | Legalism, Daoism and Confucianism |
| A Philosophy based on the ideas of the Chinese thinker Laozi, Taught students not disrupt the flow of nature. No man made laws, no man made governments or formal education. Reject all of these and allow nature to take its course. | Daoism/Taoism |
| Live in harmony with nature, do not believe in formal education, rejected man-made laws, believed the best government was one that governs least. | Characteristics of Daoism |
| Daoist/Taoist believed that there were two great forces at work in nature. Symbol used to represent a balance in nature | Yin and Yang (Daoism) |
| Philosophy that believes people should allow for the natural course of nature to flow. | Daoism |
| Literally "wind-water." The Chinese art and science of placement and orientation of tombs, dwellings, buildings. Structures and objects are positioned allows for the flow of Chi ("life-breath") in favorable ways. This belief was created by Daoist. | Feng Shui |
| A Chinese system of slow meditative physical exercise designed for relaxation and balance and health. Movements of tai chi were developed for self-defense, but it has evolved to include a graceful forms of seated exercise. | Tai Chi |
| An Ancient Chinese medical practice of inserting needles into certain areas of the body. This medical procedure was created Daoist. | acupuncture |
| Daoist created fireworks to ward off evil spirits | Fireworks |
| A Chinese philosophy developed during the warring states period in China. The philosophy believes that strict laws and harsh punishments are the only way to create order in society. -believed all people are evil -Justified the use of slavery | Legalism |
| The dynasty that replaced the Zhou dynasty and Employed Legalist ideas in order to control warring states and unify the country. The first emperor of China ruled during this dynasty, his name was Shi Huangdi. Only lasted 14 years because of harsh rule | Qin Dynasty |
| "first emperor," title the Qin ruler gave himself when he unified. Chose the philosophy of Legalism to rule the first united China. Led by force and his punishments for crimes very severe. | Shi Huangdi (Qin Dynasty) |
| A gigantic sprawling wall in China that was originally 300 forts built during the Qin dynasty using slave labor. Emperor Shi Huangdi used slave labor to build the wall and anyone not working hard enough or could not work were buried in the wall. | Great Wall of China |
| 8,000 life size soldiers that guarded Shi Huangdi's tomb.. protect him in after life, individually made to look like actual soldiers.... life size horses and chariots with them | Terra Cotta Soldiers |
| A philosophy based on the ideas of Confucius that focuses on morality, family order, and an educated government | Confucianism |
| A record of the words and acts of the central Chinese thinker and philosopher Confucius and his disciples | Analects |
| Respect for one's parents and ancestors | Filial piety |
| 1. Ruler - Subject 2. Father- Son 3. Elder Brother- Younger Brother 4. Husband- Wife 5. Friend- Friend Confucianist organization of society | 5 relationships |
| People are naturally good, educated people should serve in the government, 5 principle relationships, filial piety, order in society is established through society and groups of people working together (relationships based on respect). | Characteristics of Confucianism |
| Time period of peace and prosperity when arts, sciences, mathematics and literature flourish. | Golden Age |
| (321-185 BCE) This was the first centralized empire of India whose founder was Chandragupta Maurya. | Mauryan Empire |
| Third ruler of the Mauryan Empire in India (r. 270-232 B.C.E.). He converted to Buddhism and broadcast his precepts on inscribed stones and pillars, the earliest surviving Indian writing. | Asoka/Ashoka/Ashoka the Great |
| Laws established by Ashoka/Asoka based on Buddhist principles of peace, tolerance, no killing in the empire. | Rock Edicts of Ashoka |
| Golden Age of India; ruled through central government but allowed village power; restored Hinduism | Gupta Empire |
| Concept of zero, decimal system, symbols 1-9, correct shape of earth, medicine, textile manufacturing and opened up trade with China. | Gupta achievements |
| Leader of the Gupta during the Golden Age | Chandragupta II (Gupta) |
| The First Golden Age Dynasty of China | Han Dynasty |
| The trading route that was created by the Han Dynasty that linked China to the Middle East and Roman Empire | Silk Roads |
| Test given by the Han Dynasty in order to ensure qualified people serve in the government. | The Civil Service Exam |
| system of PAYMENTS from NATIONS that acknowledged the CHINESE EMPERORS SUPREMECY (LIKE A TAX). | Tributary System |
| Ancient Chinese beautification process of breaking toes and folding them into the instep of a womans foot. | Foot binding |
| created Gun Powder | Tang and Song Dynasties |
| Created the Tributary System | Tang Dynasty |
| Built fast moving ships called Junks | Tang Dynasty |
| Neo-Confucianism developed during the rule of this dynasty in China | Song Dynasty |
| Porcelain vases and plates were developed during this dynasties rule in China. | Song Dynasty |
| The Grand Canal that linked Northern China to Southern China for trade was developed by this dynasty. | Tang Dynasty |
| The Compass was developed by this dynasty in China. | Song Dynasty |
Created by:
eth1211
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