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Term | Definition |
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cell cycle | series of events that cells go through as they grow and divide |
Interphase | Cell grows, performs its normal functions, and prepares for division; consists of G1, S, and G2 phases |
G1 phase | stage of interphase in which cell grows and performs its normal functions |
S phase | Stage of interphase where DNA is replicated |
G2 phase | stage of interphase where the cell prepares to divide by copying organelles |
M phase | The phase of the cell cycle that includes mitosis and cytokinesis. |
Mitosis | cell division in which the nucleus divides into nuclei containing the same number of chromosomes |
Prophase | First stage of mitosis, nuclear envelope disappears, chromosomes condense |
Metaphase | Second phase of mitosis, during which the chromosomes line up across the middle of the cell |
Anaphase | Third phase of mitosis in which the chromosomes separate and move to opposite ends of the cell |
Telophase | Fourth stage of mitosis, cells begin to form cleavage furrow (animal) or cell plate (plant) and divide |
Cytokinesis | Final stage of the cell cycle, cells divide and move apart |
Chromatid | Each half of the chromosome |
Centromere | Area where the chromatids of a chromosome are attached |
Check points | Places in the cell cycle that control whether the cell will divide |
Cancer | Cells skip checkpoints and divide uncontrollably |