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APWH - Unit 4

TermDefinition
Columbian exchange *The enormous network of transatlantic communication, migration, trade, and the transfer of disease, plants, and animals that began in the period of European exploration and colonization of the Americas
European exploration Who: Portugal, Spain, Iberian Peninsula (others: England, France, Netherlands) Why: $ trade w/ Asia + spread Christianity How: Better tech -> boats and (new) navigational tech
Where did Portugal sail? East and around Africa
Where did Spain sail? West -> Arrive at the Americas
Vasco de Gamma Sailed for Portugal, round the Cape of Good Hope (Africa) and reaches India (Calicut) - traded/stole spices and goods (Portugal turned to pirary)
Christopher Columbus Arrived at Caribbean (Espanola)
Hernan Cortes *Spanish conquistador who led the expedition that conquered the Aztec Empire in Modern Mexico - x* Cortes w/ help from indigenous woman named Melinche will conquer Aztecs (kill last Aztec ruler - gold in Aztec Empire
Conquistador Pizzaro Conquer the Incan Empire, found mountains of silver = pitosi, mita -> Incan miners
Viceroyal run parts of Spanish America for the king
Encomienda grant of land and labor for Spaniards to control in the New World
Las Cassas Spanish catholic priest -> defender of native (indigenous) rights
Requiromento Forced conversion to Christianity (in Spain)
Montezuma Last Aztec ruler
Syncretism of religion in Latin America the people of Americas publicly converted to Catholicism but blended it w/ their own indigenous customs (blood, Virgin of Guadalupe)
Vondun (Voodoo) Blending of W. African, Christian and Indigenous religious practices
Social/political systems in Latin America (true for Portugal and Brazil too) based on race and casta (cast: based on race) 1. Peninsulares (from Iberian) and Credes (from New World) -> 100% Spanish 2. Mixed: Mestizos and Mullatos 3. African and Indigenous
Created by: dg6165
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