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Medical terms 7
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| hypothalamus | the gateway between endocrine system and nervous system, controls the glands |
| pituitary gland | controlled by the hypothalamus, releases releasing hormones |
| thyroid gland | gland just behind the adam's apple, makes T3 and T4 and calcium controlling hormones |
| parathyroid gland | gland behind the thyroid, helps control calcium level |
| pancreas | sits below/behind the stomach, sends hormones that regulate blood sugar level. also sends enzymes into the intestines |
| adrenal gland | sits on top of kidneys, secretes adrenaline, also makes hormones that help maintain water and salt volume, also blood sugar levels |
| aden/o | root for gland |
| adren/o, adrenal/o | root for adrenal gland |
| cortic/o | root for outer surface |
| gonad/o | root for gonads (sex organs) |
| pancreat/o | root for pancreas |
| pituitar/o, hypophys/o | root for pituitary gland |
| thym/o | root for thymus |
| thyr/o, thyroid/o | root for thyroid |
| gluc/o, glucos/o, glyc/o | root for sugar |
| crin/o | root for to secrete |
| Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) | stimulates the outer part of the adrenal gland |
| thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) | stimulates the thyroid gland |
| luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) | stimulate the gonads |
| T4, T3, calcitonin | 3 hormones the thyroid makes, controls metabolism and calcium levels |
| calcitonin | hormone that encourages the uptake of calcium in the blood into bone |
| parathyroid hormone | has opposite effect of calcitonin, helps calcium level from getting too low |
| insulin | decreases the level of sugar in blood |
| glucagon | works against insulin, tells liver to make more sugar, increases sugar in blood |
| epinephrine | adrenaline, made by inner part of adrenal gland |
| norepinephrine | similar to adrenaline |
| corticosteroids | hormones made by adrenal cortex, mineralcorticoids andglucocorticoids |
| glycemia | glucose level in blood |
| hyperglycemia | high glucose level in blood |
| hypoglycemia | low glucose level in blood |
| euglycemia | normal glucose level in blood |
| glucosuria | sugar found in urine |
| ketonuria | ketones found in urine |
| hormon/o | root for hormone |
| ket/o | root for ketone body |
| -tropin | suffix for stimulating hormone |
| -emia | suffix for blood condition |
| -uria | suffix for urine condition |
| acromegaly | extra growth disproportionate in the face and long bones in the body |
| hyperthyroidism | from an overactive thyroid, increases metabolism, weight loss, increased hunger, diarrhea, nervousness |
| hypothyroidism | weight gain, decreased energy, hair loss, decreased appetite, constipation |
| polydispia | excessive thirst |
| polyuria | excessive urination |
| polyphagia | constant hunger |
| adrenal virilism | overactive adrenal gland |
| hirsutism | facial hair |
| hypergonadism | hyperactive gonads |
| menarche | first period |
| thelarche | breast development |
| amenorrhea | lack of menstruation |
| gynecomastia | breast development in males |
| adenalgia | pain in a gland |
| adrenal virilism | development of male secondary sexual characteristics caused by excessive secretion of the adrenal gland |
| adrenarche | beginning of adrenal secretion (at puberty) |
| hirsutism | excessive growth of facial and body hair in women |
| hypogonadism | condition in which there is undersecretion of the sex glands |
| thelarche | beginning of breast development |
| hypoglycemic | pertaining to low blood sugar |
| pancreatalgia | pain in the pancreas |
| polydispia | excessive thirst |
| polyphagia | excessive eating |
| polyuria | excessive urination |
| acromegaly | abnormal enlargement of the extremities |
| galactorrhea | discharge of milk |
| pituitary dwarfism | abnormally short height caused by undersecretion of growth hormone from the pituitary gland |
| pituitary gigantism | abnormally tall height caused by oversecretion of growth hormone from the pituitary gland |
| exophthalmos | protrusion of eyes out the eye socket |
| goiter | swollen thyroid gland |
| thyrocele | another name for goiter |
| thyromegaly | enlargement of the thyroid |
| thyroptosis | downward displacement/drooping of the thyroid |
| -tropin | suffix for hormone that "turns on" another organ |
| -emia | suffix for any lab level that represents a substance in the blood |
| acidemia | abnormal acidity of the blood |
| alkalemia | abnormal alkalinity of the blood |
| calciuria | calcium in the urine |
| chloremia | increased chloride in the blood |
| euglycemia | good blood sugar |
| glucosuria | sugar in the urine |
| hypercalcemia | excessive calcium in the blood |
| hypercholesterolemia | excessive cholesterol in the blood |
| hyperglycemia | high blood sugar |
| hyperkalemia | excessive potassium in the blood |
| hyperlipidemia | excessive fat in the blood |
| hypernatremia | excessive sodium in the blood |
| hyperphosphatemia | excessive phosphate in the blood |
| hypoglycemia | low blood sugar |
| ketonuria | ketone bodies in the urine |
| polyuria | excessive urination |
| uremia | presence of urinary waste in the blood |
| corticotropin | shorter name for adrenocorticotropic hormone |
| glucocorticoid | hormone produced by the adrenal cortex with a role in carb metabolism |
| thyrotropin | hormone that stimulates the thyroid |
| adenomegaly | abnormal enlargement of a gland |
| adrenomegaly | abnormal enlargement of the adrenal gland |
| euthyroid | normal functioning thyroid |
| gluconeogenesis | formation of glucose from noncarb sources |
| glycolysis | breakdown of sugar |
| glycopenia | deficiency of sugar |
| gonadogenesis | creation/development of gonads |
| metabolism | breakdown of matter into energy |
| endocrine | to secrete internally |
| endocrinologist | specialist in internal secretion |
| exocrine | to secrete externally |
| glycemic index | ranking of food based on the way it affects sugar levels in the blood |
| ketogenesis | creation of ketone bodies |
| thyroid function tests | tests performed to evaluate the function of the thyroid |
| cholangiopancreatography | procedure used to examine the bile ducts and pancreas |
| endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography | procedure used to examine the bile ducts and pancreas in which an endoscope is passed backward from the digestive tract into the bile duct |
| adenoma | tumor on a gland thats benign |
| adenocarcinoma | tumor on a gland that's malignant |
| adenitis | inflammation of a gland |
| adenopathy | gland disease |
| adenosis | gland condition |
| dysmetabolic syndrome | combination of medical disorders associated with faulty metabolism |
| ketosis | condition characterized by elevated levels of ketone bodies in the blood |
| polyadenopathy | disease involving many glands |
| adrenal insufficiency | condition in which the adrenal glands underproduce necessary hormones |
| adrenalitis | inflammation of the adrenal gland |
| adrenocortical insufficiency | condition in which the adrenal cortex underproduces necessary hormones |
| adrenocorticohyperplasia | overdevelopment of the cortex of the adrenal gland |
| congenital adrenal hyperplasia | genetic disease in which the adrenal gland is overdeveloped, resulting in a deficiency of certain hormones and an overproduction of others |
| diabetes mellitus | metabolic disease characterized by excessive urination and hyperglycemia |
| diabetic ketoacidosis | acidity of the blood caused by the presence of ketone bodies produced when the body is unable to burn sugar, thus, it must burn fat for energy |
| pancreatic pseudocyst | abnormally expanded area in the pancreas resembling a cyst |
| pancreatitis | inflammation of the pancreas |
| pancreatolith | stone in the pancreas |
| pancreatolithiasis | presence of a stone in the pancreas |
| hyperpituitarism | overfunctioning of the pituitary gland |
| hypophysitis | inflammation of the pituitary gland |
| hypopitulitarism | condition caused by the undersecretion of the pituitary gland |
| panhypopituitarism | defective or absent function of the entire pituitary gland |
| pituitary infarction | death of the pituitary gland |
| hyperparathyroidism | overproduction by the parathyroid glands |
| hyperthyroidism | overproduction by the thyroid |
| hypoparathyroidism | underproduction by the parathyroid |
| hypothyroidism | underproduction by the thyroid |
| thyroiditis | inflammation of the thyroid |
| thyrotoxicosis | condition caused by the exposure of body tissue to excessive levels of thyroid hormone |
| adenocarcinoma | cancerous tumor of a gland |
| adenoma | glandular tumor |
| adrenal adenoma | tumor of the adrenal gland |
| adrenocortical carcinoma | cancerous tumor originating in the cortex of the adrenal lgland |
| insulinoma | tumor that secretes insulin |
| parathyroidoma | tumor of the parathyroid |
| pituitary adenoma | tumor on the pituitary gland |
| thymoma | tumor of the thymus |
| continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion | continuous injection of insulin into the blood from a pump inserted under the skin |
| thyroidotoxin | substance poisonous to the thyroid gland |
| adenectomy | removal of a gland |
| ketogenic diet | diet that aids in the production of ketones in the body |
| thymectomy | removal of the thymus |
| adrenalectomy | removal of the adrenal gland |
| laparoscopic adrenalectomy | removal of an adrenal gland by means of a laparoscope (instrument inserted into the abdomen for viewing) |
| pancreatectomy | removal of the pancreas |
| pancreatolithectomy | removal of a stone in the pancreas |
| hypophysectomy | removal of the pituitary gland |
| parathyroidectomy | removal of the parathyroid |
| thyroidectomy | removal of the thyroid |
| thyroparathyroidectomy | removal of the thyroid and parathyroid glands |
| ACTH | adrenocorticotropic hormone |
| BS | blood sugar |
| CGM | continuous glucose monitor |
| DI | diabetes insipidus |
| DM | diabetes mellitus |
| ERCP | endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography |
| FBS | fasting blood sugar |
| GDM | gestational diabetes mellitus |
| GH | growth hormone |
| GTT | glucose tolerance test |
| HgA1C | hemoglobin A1C test (used by patients with diabetes to monitor blood sugar levels |
| HRT | hormone replacement therapy |
| TFT | thyroid function test |
| TSH | thyroid-stimulating hormone (thyrotropin) |
| T3 | triiodothyronine |
| T4 | thyroxine |
Created by:
banditbandit
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