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Logic: fallacies

Philosphy terms for midterm 2

TermDefinition
Fallacy defect in reasoning - & argumentation - person mistakenly believes reasoning is reliable.
(formal fallacy) Affirming the consequent P -> Q, Q, then P
(formal fallacy) Denying the antecedent P-> Q. X P. X Q.
Fallacy of relevance - Appeal to force If not P, something bad will happen. Therefore P.
Fallacy of relevance - Appeal to pity If not P. Bad happen to someone else. Therefore P.
Fallacy of relevance - Appeal to people If P. You'll be popular. Therefore P.
Fallacy of relevance - Appeal to person (ad hominem) Arguer attacks the claimer, NOT the argument
3 types of 'Ad Hominem' Abusive- character attacked. Circumstantial - certain circumstances that can affect judgement. Tu qoque - "You too," person is a hypocrite
Attacking a straw man 1. taking opponent's views 2. misrepresenting them 3. refutes misrepresented views 4. conclude opponent's view is refuted
Valid argument an argument in which it is impossible to have all true premises w/ a false conclusion
Sound argument am argument that is 1. valid 2. all true premises
Modus ponens p -> q. p. thus q.
Modus tollens p -> q. not q. not p.
disjunctive syllogism either p or q. not p. q.
hypothetical syllogism p then q. q then r. p = r
dilemma either p or q. if p then r. if q then s. thus either r or s
Understanding fallacies denying antecedent/ affirming consequent are not valid forms-- relying on form thinking they are valid-- is committing a fallacy (even if it is correct)
Created by: ShosK
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