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CNA Ch.6
Infection & Prevention Control
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Antimicrobial | An agent that destroys, resists, or prevents the development of pathogens |
| Autoclave | An appliance used to sterilize medical instruments or other objects by using steam under pressure |
| Bloodborne Pathogens | Microoganisms found in human blood that can cause infection and disease |
| Bloodborne Pathogens Standard | Fed. Law requiring that healthcare facilities protect employees from bloodborne heath hazard |
| Body Fluids | Tears, saliva, sputum, urine, feces, semen, vaginal secretions, pus or other wound drainage, and vomit |
| Carbapenem-Resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE) | Bacteria that have developed resistance to carbapenems, which is a category of antibiotics |
| Carrier | Person who carries pathogen, usually without signs or symptoms of disease, but who can still spread the disease |
| Catheter | Tube inserted through the skin or into a body opening that is to administer or drain fluid |
| C.Difficile or C.Diff | Clostridioides, a bacteria that is spread by spores in feces that are difficult to kill; it causes symptoms such as diarrhea and nausea and can lead to serious inflammation of the colon |
| CDC & Prevention | Fed Gov't agency responsible for improving the overall health and safety of the people in the US |
| Clean | In heath care, a condition in which an object is not contaminated with pathogens |
| Communicable Disease | An infectious disease transmitted by direct contact or indirect contact |
| Contagious Disease | A type of communicable disease that spreads quickly from person to person |
| Contaminated | Soiled, unclean; having disease-causing organisms or infectious material on it |
| Cross-Infection | The physical movement/transfer of harmful bacteria from one person, object, or place to another, or from one part of the body to another |
| Dehydration | An excessive loss of water from the body; a condition that occurs when fluid loos is greater than fluid intake |
| Direct Contact | Way to transmit pathogens through touching the infected person or his secretions |
| Dirty | In heath care, a condition in which an object has been contaminated with pathogens |
| Disinfection | Process that destroys most, but not all, pathogens and other types of microorganisms |
| Doff | To remove |
| Don | To put on |
| Drainage | Flow of fluids from a wound or cavity |
| Exposure Control Plan | Plan that outlines specific work practices to prevent exposure to infectious material and identifies step-by-step procedures to follow when exposure do occur |
| Exposure Incident | Specific eye, mouth, other mucous membrane, non-intact skin, or parenteral contact with blood or other potentially infectious materials that result from the performance of an employee's duties |
| Fomite | An object that is contaminated with a pathogen and can spread the pathogen to another person |
| Hand Hygiene | Washing hands with either plain or antiseptic soap and water & using alcohol based hand rub |
| Hand Rub | An alcohol-containing preparation designed for application to the hands for reducing the number of microorganisms on the hands |
| Healthcare-Associated-Infection (HAI) | An infection acquired within a healthcare setting during the delivery of medical care |
| Hepatitis | Inflammation of the liver caused by certain viruses and other factors, such as alcohol abuse, some meds, and trauma |
| Immunity | Resistance of infection by a specific pathogen |
| Incubation Period | The period of time between exposure to a pathogen and the time it causes visible signs and symptoms of disease or illness |
| Indirect Contact | Way to transmit pathogens invading the body and multiplying |
| Infection | The state resulting from pathogens invading the body and multiplying |
| Infection Prevention | Set of methods used to prevent and control the spread of disease |
| Infectious Disease | Any disease caused by growth of a pathogen |
| Isolate | To keep something separate, or by itself |
| Localized infection | An infection that is limited to a specific location in the body and has local symptoms |
| Malnutrition | A serious condition in which a person is not getting proper nutrition |
| Medical Asepsis | Measures used to reduce, remove, and control the spread of pathogens |
| Microbe | A living thing or organism that is so small that it is only visible under a microscope. AKA microorganism |
| Microorganism (MO) | A living thing or organism that is so small that it is only visible under a microscope. AKA microbe |
| MRSA | Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus bacteria that have developed resistance to the antibiotic methicillin |
| Mucous Membranes | The membranes that line body cavities that open to the outside of the body, such as the linings of the mouth, nose, eyes, rectum, or genitals |
| Multidrug-Resistant Organisms | Microorganisms, mostly bacteria, that are resistant to one or more antimicrobial agents that are commonly used for treatment |
| Noncommunicable Disease | A disease not capable of being spread from one person to another |
| Nonintact skin | Skin that is broken by abrasions, cuts, rashes, acne, pimples, lesions, surgical incisions, or boils |
| Normal Flora | Microorganisms that normally live in and on the body and do not cause harm in a health person, as long as the flora remain in that particular location |
| Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) | Fed Gov't agency that makes and enforces rules to protect workers from hazards on the job |
| Pathogens | Microorganisms that are capable of causing infection and disease |
| Perineal Care | Care of the genitals and anal area |
| Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) | Equipment that helps protect employees from serious workplace injuries or illnesses resulting from contact with workplace hazards |
| Reinfection | Being infected again with the same pathogen |
| Resistance | The body's ability to prevent infection and disease |
| Sanitation | Ways individuals and communities maintain clean, hygienic conditions that help prevent disease such as the disposal of sewage and solid waste |
| Standard Precautions | A method of infection prevention in which all blood, body fluid, nonintact skin, and mucous membranes are treated as if they were infected with an infectious disease |
| Sterilization | Cleaning, measure that destroys all microorganisms, including pathogens |
| Systemic Infection | An infection that is in the bloodstream and is spread throughout the body, causing general symptoms |
| Surgical Asepsis | The state of being completely free of microorganisms, also called sterile technique |
| Transmission | The way and means by which disease is spread |
| Vaccine | A product that is administered to produce immunity to a specific disease |
| VRE | Vancomycin-Resistant Enterococcus bacteria that have developed resistance to the antibioic vancomycin |
Created by:
Lahp16
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