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Med Term Chap 21
Vocabulary
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Addiction | Physical and psychological dependence on and craving for a drug |
| Additive action | Drugaction in which the combination of two similar drugs is equal to the sum of the effects of each. |
| Aerosol | Particles of drug suspended in air. |
| Anaphylaxis | Exaggerated hyoersensitivity reaction to a drug or foreign organism. |
| Antagonistic action | Combonation of two drugs gives less than an additive effect (action). |
| Antidote | Agent given to counteract an unwanted effect of a drug. |
| Contraindications | Factors in the patient’s condition that prevent the use of a particular drug or treatment. |
| Iatrogenic | Condition caused by treatment given by medical personnel. |
| Idiosyncrasy | Unexpected effect produced in a particularly sensitive individual but not seen in most patients. |
| Inhalation | Administration of drugs in gaseous or vapor form through the nose or mouth. |
| Medicainal chemistry | Study of new drug synthesis; relationship between chemical structure and biological effects. |
| Molecular pharmacology | Study of interaction of drugs and subcellular entities such as DNA, RNA, and enzymes. |
| Parenteral administration | Drugs are given by injection into the skin, muscles, or veins. |
| Pharmacist | Prepares and dispenses drugs. |
| Pharmacy | Location for preparing and dispensing drugs; also the study of. |
| Pharmacodynamics | Study of the effects of a drug within the body. |
| Pharmacology | Study of preparation, properties, uses, and actions of drugs. |
| Receptor | Target substance with which a drug interacts in the body. |
| Synergism | Combination of two drugs that causes an effect that is greater than the sum of the individual effects of each drug alone. |
| Toxicity | Harmful effects of a drug |
| Toxicology | Study of harmful chemicals and their effects on the body. |
| Transport | Movement of a drug across a cell membrane into body cells. |
| Vitamin | Substance found in foods and essential in small quantities for growth and good health. |
| ACE Inhibitor | Lowers blood pressure. Angiotensin-convrtyinh rnzyme inhibitors block the conversion of angiotensin I and angiotensin II. |
| Amphetamine | Central nervous system stimulant. |
| Analgesic | Relieves pain. |
| Androgen | Male hormone. |
| Anesthetic | Reduces or eliminates sensation; general and local. |
| Angiotensin II Receptor Antagonist | Lowers blood pressure by oreventing angiotensin from acting on receptors in blood vessels. |
| Antacid | Neutralizes acid in the stomach. |
| Antiandrogen | Slows the uptake of androgens or interferes with their binding in tissues. |
| Antiarrhythmic | Treats abnormal heart rhythms. |
| Antibiotic | Chemical substance, produced by a plant or microorganism, that has the ability to inhibit or kill foreign organisms in the body. |
| Antiemetic | Prevents nausea and vomiting. |
| Antiplatelet | Inhibits the secretion of acid by cells of the lining of the stomach. |
| Aromatase inhibitor | Reduces the amount of estrogen in the blood. |
| Beta-blocker | Blocks the action of epinephrine at sites on receptors of heart muscle cells, the muscle lining of blood vessels, and bronchial tubes. |
| Bisphosphonate | Prevents bone loss in osteoporosis. |
| Calcium Antagonist | Blocks the entrance of calcium into heart muscle and muscle lining of blood vessels. |
| Cardiovascular | Acts on the heart and blood vessels. |
| Cathartic | Relieves constipation. |
| Diuretic | Increases the production of urine and thus reduces the volume of fluid in the body. |
| Emetic | Promotes vomiting. |
| Endocrine | Ahormone or hormone-like drug. |
| Estrogen | Female hormone responsible for secondary sex characteristics. |
| Gastrointestinal | Relieves symptoms of diseases in the gastrointestinal tract. |
| Glucocorticoid | Hormone from the adrenal cortex that raises blood sugar and reduces inflammation. |
| Hypnotic | Produces sleep. |
| Laxative | Weak cathartic. |
| Narcotic | Habit-forming drug that relieves pain by producing stupor or insensibility. |
| Progestin | Female hormone that affects the lining of the uterus during pregnancy. |
| Purgative | Strong cathartic. |
| Respiratory | Treats asthnam emphysema, and infections of the repiratory system. |
| Sedative | A mildly hypnotic drug that relaxes without necessarily producing sleep. |
| SERM | Selective estrogen modulator with estrogen-like effect on bones and fat metabolism. |
| Stimulant | Excites and promotes activity. |
| Thyroid hormone | Stimulates cellular metabolism. |
| Tranquilizer | Controls anxiety and severe disturbances of behavior. |
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