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medical terms 4
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| osteocyte | bone cell |
| epiphyseal plate | growth plates at the end of long bones |
| metaphysis | the area between the end of the bone and long shaft of the bone |
| epiphysis | end of bone |
| diaphysis | long bit of bone |
| -physis | suffix for growth |
| cervical vertabrae | neck vertebrae |
| thoracic bertebrae | chest/rib vertebrae |
| lumbar/sacral vertebrae | lower back vertebrae |
| costo | ribs |
| brachio | upper arm |
| radius/ulna | forearm |
| carpe | wrist |
| phalanges | fingers |
| femur | thigh bone |
| tibia/fibula | shin bones |
| tarsal | ankle |
| oste/o | root for bone |
| crani/o | root for head/skull |
| cervic/o | root for neck |
| spondyl/o | root for vertebra |
| lumb/o | root for loin/lower back |
| brachi/o | root for arm |
| dactyl/o | root for finger |
| carp/o | root for wrist |
| cost/o | root for rib |
| femor/o | root for femur |
| tiibi/o | root for tibia |
| tars/o | root for ankle |
| flexion | when a joint bends |
| extension | when a joint straightens |
| abduction | widening of a joint to move parts away from body |
| adduction | joint narrows to bring parts back toward the body |
| tendons | hold muscle to bone |
| ligaments | holds bone to bone |
| cartilage | surrounds bones and joints and allows smooth movement |
| bursae | sacs of fluid that keep muscles and bones moving smoothly |
| chondr/o | root for cartilage |
| arthr/o | root for joint |
| burs/o | root for bursa (joint fluid sac) |
| fascia | thick membrane encasing muscles, keeping it together |
| ten/o. tend/o, tendin/o | root for tendon |
| muscul/o, my/o, myos/o | roots for muscle |
| fasci/o | root for fascia |
| ton/o | root for tone/tension |
| kinesi/o, kinet/o | root for movement, motion |
| tax/o | root for arrangement, order, coordination |
| ankyl/o | root for stiff/bent |
| costalgia | rib pain |
| metatarsalgia | pain in foot bones |
| ostalgia | bone pain |
| osteodynia | bone pain |
| spondylodynia | vertebra pain |
| tibialgia | tibia pain |
| ankylosis | joint stiffness |
| arthralgia | joint pain |
| arthrodynia | joint pain |
| cervicodynia | neck pain |
| crepitation | a crackling sound heard in joints |
| genu valgum | knock-kneed, knee pointed in |
| genu varum | bowlegged, knee bowed out |
| bradykinesia | slow movement |
| dyskinesia | inability to control movement, bad movement |
| dystaxia | poor coordination |
| dystonia | poor muscle tone |
| graphospasm | writer's cramp |
| hyperkinesia | increase in muscle movement or activity, overmovement |
| hypertonia | increased muscle tone or tightness |
| hypokinesia | decrease in muscle movement or activity |
| hypotonia | decrease in muscle tone or tightness |
| myalgia | muscle pain |
| myasthenia | muscle weakness |
| myodynia | muscle pain |
| myospasm | muscle spasm |
| tenalgia | tendon pain |
| redness, swelling, heat, pain | exam of muscles focus on |
| polydactyly | extra fingers |
| syndactyly | fused fingers |
| osteolysis | bone destruction |
| exostosis | bone growth |
| CT | computed tomography |
| CAT | computed axial tomography |
| MRI | magnetic resonance imaging |
| range of motion | joint's ability to move |
| joint laxity | joint move further than should |
| effusion | checking for fluid around joint |
| pyarthrosis | pus from infection |
| hemarthrosis | blood from injury |
| angiogram | inject dye into joint, then MRI |
| arthrocentesis | collecting joint fluid via needle then sending to lab. puncture of a joint |
| arthroscope | camera-like device made to look into joint, instrument |
| myotonia | muscle tone |
| arthroscopy | procedure of looking into a joint |
| electromyogram | a record of the electrical activity of a muscle |
| electromyography | procedure for measuring the electrical activity of a muscle |
| myography | procedure for studying muscles |
| arthrogram | visual record of a joint |
| arthrography | procedure used to examine a joint |
| CAT/CT, computed axial tomography | imaging procedure using a computer to produce cross sections along an axis |
| kyphosis | humped back, abnormal forward curvature of upper spine |
| lordosis | sway back, abnormal forward curvature of lower spine |
| scoliosis | crooked back, abnormal lateral curvature of spine |
| carpitis | wrist inflammation |
| craniomalacia | softening of the skull |
| exostosis | abnormal growth of a bone out of another bone |
| fracture | bone break |
| osteodystrophy | poor bone development |
| osteolysis | bone loss |
| osteonecrosis | death of bone |
| osteosclerosis | abnormal hardening of bone |
| spondylitis | vertebra inflammation |
| spondylomalacia | softening of the vertebra |
| syndactyly | fusion of fingers or toes |
| tarsoptosis | flat feet |
| bursolith | a stone in a bursa |
| effusion | fluid buildup |
| hydrarthrosis | water (fluid) in a joint |
| hemarthrosis | blood in a joint |
| pararthrosis | pus in a joint |
| atrophy | underdevelopment, decrease, or loss of muscle tissue |
| hypertrophy | overdevelopment of muscle tissue |
| myocele | hernia of muscle tissue |
| myolysis | loss of muscle tissue |
| myomalacia | softening of a muscle |
| myosclerosis | hardening of a muscle |
| myotasis | stretching of a muscle |
| myotonia | muscle tone |
| ankylosing spondylitis | a stiffening inflammation of the vertebrae |
| chondro-osteodystrophy | poor development of bones and cartilage |
| craniosynostosis | premature fusing of the skull bones |
| dactylitis | finger inflammation |
| hypertrophic spondylitis | overdevelopment of the vertebrae causing inflammation |
| osteitis | bone inflammation |
| osteochondritis | inflammation of bone and cartilage |
| osteogenesis imperfecta | a disease in which the bones do not develop correctly, aka brittle bone disease |
| osteomalacia | softening of the bone |
| osteomyelitis | inflammation of the bone and bone marrow |
| osteopathy | bone disease |
| osteopenia | reduction in bone volume |
| osteoporosis | loss of bone density |
| spinal stenosis | abnormal narrowing of the spine |
| spondyloarthropathy | joint disease of the vertebrae |
| spondylolisthesis | the slipping or dislocation of a vertebra |
| spondylolysis | loss of vertebra structure |
| spondylosis | vertebra condition |
| arthritis | joint inflammation |
| rheumatoid arthritis | inflammation of the joints with symptoms resembling rheumatic fever |
| septic arthritis | inflammation of the joint caused by infection |
| osteoarthritis | inflammation of the joints, specifically those that bear weight |
| arthrocele | hernia of a joint |
| arthrodysplasia | abnormal joint development |
| arthropathy | joint disease |
| arthrosclerosis | hardening of the joints |
| bursitis | inflammation of the bursa |
| bursopathy | disease of the bursa |
| subluxation | partial dislocation of a joint |
| achondroplasia | a defect in the formation of cartilage |
| chondromalacia | abnormal softening of the cartilage |
| costochondritis | inflammation of the cartilage of the rib |
| fascilitis | inflammation of the fascia |
| muscular dystrophy | disorder characterized by poor muscle development |
| myoclonus | violent muscle contraction |
| myopathy | muscle disease |
| myasthenia | muscle weakness |
| myofasciitis | inflammation of muscle and fascia |
| myostitis | muscle inflammation |
| necrotizing fasciitis | inflammatino of the fascia, causing death of tissue |
| polymyositis | inflammation of multiple muscles |
| tardive dyskinesia | condition characterized by the loss of muscle control |
| tendinitis | tendon inflammation |
| tendonitis | tendon inflammation |
| chondroma | tumorlike growth of cartilage tissue |
| myoma | muscle tumor |
| myosarcoma | cancerous muscle tumor |
| osteocarcinoma | bone cancer tumor |
| osteochondroma | tumor made up of bone and cartilage, exotosis made up of cartilage |
| osteosarcoma | cancerous tumor arising out of bone cells |
| analgesic | a drug that relieves pain |
| antiarthritic | a drug that opposes joint inflammation |
| anti-inflammatory | drug that opposes inflammation |
| antipyretic | a drug that opposes fever |
| carpectomy | removal of all or part of the wrist |
| costectomy | removal of a rib |
| craniectomy | removal of a portion of the skull |
| craniotomy | removal of a portion of the skull (skull incision) |
| external fixation | the fixation of a fractured bone from the outside (casts, splints) |
| internal fixation | fixation of a fractured bone from the inside (screws, pins, plates) |
| closed reduction | returning bones to their proper position without the use of surgery |
| open reduction | returning bones to their proper position through use of surgery |
| metacarpectomy | removal of a bone in the hand |
| osteectomy | removal of a bone |
| osteoclasia | the surgical breaking of a bone |
| osteoplasty | reconstruction of a bone |
| osteotomy | incision into a bone |
| spondylosyndesis | fusing together of multiple vertebrae |
| sternotomy | incision into the sternum |
| tarsectomy | removal of all or a portion of the ankle |
| tarsoclasia | surgical fracture of the ankle |
| arthrectomy | removal of a joint |
| arthroclasia | therapeutic breaking of a joint to allow for increased mobility |
| arthrodesis | surgical fixation of a joint |
| arthrolysis | loosening a stiff joint |
| arthroplasty | reconstruction of a joint |
| arthrotomy | incision into a joint |
| bursectomy | removal of a bursa |
| bursotomy | incision into a bursa |
| chondrectomy | removal of cartilage |
| chondroplasty | reconstruction of cartilage |
| fasciectomy | removal of fascia |
| fasciodesis | binding of fascia |
| fascioplasty | reconstruction of fascia |
| fasciorrhaphy | suturing of fascia |
| fasciotomy | incision into fascia |
| myectomy | removal of a muscle |
| myodesis | binding of a muscle |
| myomectomy | removal of a muscle tumor |
| myoplasty | muscle reconstruction |
| myorrhaphy | muscle suture |
| myotomy | incision into muscle |
| tendectomy | removal of a tendon |
| tendoplasty | reconstruction of a tendon |
| tenodesis | binding of a tendon |
| tenolysis | freeing/loosening a tendon |
| tenonectomy | removal of a tendon |
| tenoplasty | reconstruction of a tendon |
| tenorrhaphy | suture of a tendon |
| tenotomy | incision into a tendon |
| ACL | anterior cruciate ligament |
| MCL | medial collateral ligament |
| LCL | lateral collateral ligament |
| PCL | posterior cruciate ligament |
| C!-C& | cervical vertabrae |
| T1-T12 | thoracic vertebrae |
| L1-L5 | lumbar vertebrae |
| S1-S5 | sacral vertebrae |
| DTR | deep tendon reflex |
| EMG | electromyogram |
| FROM | full range of motion |
| NSAID | nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug |
| OA | osteoarthritis |
| ORIF | open reduction interal fixation |
| PT | physical therapy |
| RA | rheumatoid arthritis |
| RICE | rest, ice, compression, elevation |
| ROM | range of motion |
| WB | weight bearing |
| WBAT | weight bearing as tolerated |
Created by:
banditbandit
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