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SCI-221-23

Human physiology

QuestionAnswer
What is homeostasis? A state of relative consistency . (Metabolism).
What is a virus? An intracellular infection that consists of DNA/RNA.
What does positive feed back systems control? Rapid changes. (accelerate).
What is Pathogenesis? Course of a disease.
What is the body's thermostat? The hypothalamus
What is the most complex pathogenic organism? Tapeworms (parasites)
What do negative feedback systems do? Oppose change
Uterine contractions are an example of? Positive feedback system(s)
What system is control of immunity? Lymphatic
intrinsic control is an example of? Autoregulation
What proteins is responsible for madcow disease? Prion(s)
What is a glycoprotien? A carbohydrate and protein combined.
How many essential amino acids are there in humans? eight
What is the amino group? NH3+
What are the major elements of the human body? Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen (CHON).
What is the name of the "bad" cholesterol? LDL
What are amino acids commonly joined by? Peptide bonds
Structural lipids are composed of? Phospholipids and steroids.
What type of disaccharide is compose of glucose? Maltose
Steroids and prostaglandins are similar how? Both are compose of a ring structure.
Cytosine is accompanied by what? Guanine
adenine is accompanied by? Thymine (DNA) and Uracil (RNA)
What is not included in a DNA molecule? Ribose sugar(s)
23 chromosomes per cell (human)? Haploid (half)
Meiosis creates what type of cells? Gametes (haploids)
Mitosis phases? Prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase (PMAT).
Carrier based diffusion? Facilitated diffusion
Saline solution with a higher salt concetration? Hypertonic
Water moves through cells via? Osmosis
What is dynamic equilibrium? An even exchange of materials across cellular membranes.
A DNA sequence is called? Codon
NaCL moves through the cellular membrane? Both in and out of the cell.
Phagocytosis is an example of? Endocytosis (Swallowing foreign cells).
Hypertrophy is? Increase of muscle cellular size
Diffusion requires what process? Concentration gradient.
What cells regenerate at the highest amount in the body? Epithelial
Connective tissue formed from stem cells? Mesenchyme
Smooth muscle charartersitics? Intercalated disks
What cells form in the brain blood barrier that protects the brain? Astrocytes
What cannot cross the blood brain barrier? Dopamine
keloids form most commonly on? connective tissue
Skeletal muscles do not have? One nucleus per cell.
Papillary layer of dermis forms? Fingerprints
What is the name of true skin? Dermis
What is the main function of glandular epithelial tissue? Secretion.
Hematopoietic tissue is found where in the human body? Osseous tissue (bones).
Hypodermis connects? Connects dermis to underlying tissue(s).
Neurons are AKA? Nervous tissue.
Tissue is known as? A group of cells performing a common function.
Symphysis pubis undergoes what change prior to child birth? Softening
The unla is proximal with articulation in relation to? The humerus.
Synthesis of organic matrix substance are performed by what organelles? ER and Golgi apparatus.
What are osteoblasts? Cells that perform secretion of specialized organic matrix(s)
Active osseous erosion is performed by? Osteoclasts
What hormone(s) perform regulation/secretion of calcium? Parathyroid and calcitonin
What can cause skeletal variations? Malnutrition, stress, and age.
What do bones hold in reserve for the body? Phosphorus and calcium.
Density of bones decreases at approximately what age? fifty.
What allows greater dexterity in human hands vs paws? the thumb
What makes growth in diameter for osseous tissue(s)? Osteoblasts and osteoclasts.
Bone loss begins at what age? 35 and 40 on average
Rotator cuff and tendons form around? The shoulder joint
What is not a function of a muscle? Protection.
Movement away from the body? ABduction
What phase causes contraction with release of calcium ions into the SR? Latent period.
Muscle contractions will continue as long as? Calcium ions are attached to troponin.
What is ability for muscle cells to respond to stimulia? Irritability.
Flexion is defined as? Movement coming towards the body usually via extremities. (Flex)
Extension is defined as? Movement out from the body usually extremities.
What is the fuel for muscle(s)? ATP
Proteins found in myofilament cross-bridges? Myosin.
Lactase produced via Anaerobic respiration is converted via the? Liver into glucose.
Glucose stored in the muscle is? Gylcogen
What is an immovable joint? Synarthrosis
A condyloid joint is? A biaxial joint.
The most movable joint is? A ball and socket.
What is an example of hinge joint? Interphalangeal joints. (Phalanges)
What Ions are released upon stimulation of a neruon? Sodium ions
Local potential is defined as? A slight shift away from resting potential via the membrane.
What are the main chemical classes of neruotransmitters? Amines, Amino acids, and neruopeptides.
Saltatory conduction is deinfed as? A current leap from an insulated myelin sheath node to node.
Synaptic knob is located? On the axon
Neurotransmitters are released into a synapse to bind with? Receptors on the postsynaptic neuron.
What are the two types of synapses? Electrical and chemical
Impulses stop being sent through neurons during? Absolute refractory period(s).
the fastest transmission of a neuron impulse is due to? A large diameter neuron.
Created by: Pur3vil
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