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APHG Government
APHG Unit 4 Government Barrons & Rubenstein
| Words | Definitions |
|---|---|
| Antecedent boundaries | A boundary line established before an area is populated |
| Centrifugal forces | forces that tend to divide a country. |
| Centripetal forces | Forces that bond a country together. |
| Commonwealth of independent states | Confederacy of independent states of independent states of the former soviet Union that have united because of their common economic and administrative needs. |
| Compact state | A state that posses a roughly circular shape from which the geometric center is relatively equal in all directions. |
| Confederation | A form of an international organization that brings several autonomous states together for a common purpose. |
| Domino Theory | The idea that political destabilization in one country can lead to collapse of political stability in neighboring countries, setting off a chain reaction of collapse. |
| East/West Divide | Geographic separation between the largely democratic and free-market countries of Western Europe and the Americas from the communists and socialists countries of Eastern Europe and Asia |
| Electoral College | a certain number of electors from each state proportional to and seemingly representative of that state’s population.. Each elector chooses a candidate believing they are representing their constituency’s choice. |
| Electoral Vote | The decision of a particular state elector that represents the dominant views on that elector’s state. |
| Elongated State | A state whose territory is long and narrow in shape. |
| European Union | International organization comprised of Western European countries to promote free trade among members. |
| Exclave | A bounded territory that is part of a particular state but is separated from it by the territory of a different state. |
| Federalism | a system of government in which power is distributed among certain geographical territories rather than concentrated within a central government. |
| Fragmented State | A state that is not contiguous whole but rather separated parts. |
| Frontier | An area where borders are shifting and weak and where peoples of different cultures or nationalities meet and lay claim to the land. |
| Geometric Boundary | Political boundaries that are defined and delimited by straight lines. |
| Geopolitics | The study of interplay between political relations and the territorial context in which they occur. |
| Gerrymandering | The designation of voting districts so as to favor a political party or candidate. |
| Heartland theory | Hypothesis proposed by Halford MacKinder that held that any political power based in the heart of Eurasia could gain enough strength to eventually dominate the world. |
| Imperialism | The perpetuation of a colonial empire even after it is no longer politically sovereign. |
| International Organization | An alliance of two or more countries seeking cooperation with each other without giving up either’s autonomy or self determination. |
| Landlocked state | A state that is completely surrounded by the land of other states, which is bad for accessibility and trade. |
| Law of the sea | Law establishing states rights and responsibilities concerning the ownership and use of the earth’s seas and oceans and their resources. |
| Lebensraum | Hitler’s expansionist theory based on a drive to acquire living space for German people. |
| Microstate | A state or territory that is small in both size and population. |
| Nation | Tightly knit group of people sharing the same language ethnicity religion and other cultural attributes. |
| Nationalism | A sense of national pride to such extent as to exalt one nation above all others. |
| Nation-state | A country whose population possesses a substantial degree of cultural homogeneity and unity. |
| NAFTA | north American free trade agreement- Agreement signed on JAN. 1 1994, that allows the opening of borders between the United States Mexico and Canada. |
| NATO | North Atlantic treaty organization- An international organization that has joined together for military purposes. |
| North/South divide | The economic division between the wealthy countries of Europe and North America, Australia and Japan and generally poorer countries of Asia Africa and Latin America. |
| Organic Theory | The view that states resemble biological organisms with life cycles that include all stages of life. |
| OPEC | Organization of petroleum exporting countries- An internal economic organization whose member countries produce and export oil. |
| Perforated state | A state whose territory completely surrounds that of another state. |
| Physical boundary | Political Boundaries that correspond with physical features such as mountains or rivers. |
| Political geography | The spatial analysis of political phenomena and processes. |
| Popular vote | The tally of each individuals vote within a specific geographic area. |
| Prorupted state | A state that exhibits a narrow, elongated land extension, leading away from the main territory. |
| Reapportionment | The relocation of electoral seats to defined territories. |
| Rectangular State | A state whose territory is rectangular in shape. |
| Redistricting | The drawing of a new electoral district boundary lines in response to population changes. |
| Rimland theory | Nicholas Spykman’s theory that the domination of the coastal fringes of Eurasia would provided the base for world conquest. |
| Self-determination | The right of a nation to govern itself autonomously. |
| State | A politically organized territory that is administered by a sovereign government and is recognized by the international community. |
| States’ rights | Subsequent boundaries |
| Superimposed boundaries | Boundary line drawn in an area ignoring the existing cultural pattern. |
| Supranational organization | organization of 3 or more states to promote shared activities. |
| Territorial dispute | Any dispute over land ownership |
| Territorial organization | Political organization that distributes political power in more easily governed units of land. |
| Theocracy | A state whose government is either believed to be divinely guided or a state under the control of religious leaders. |
| United Nations | A global supranational organization established at the end of WWII to foster international security and cooperation. |
| Balance of power | Condition of roughly equal strength between opposing countries or alliances of countries. |
| Boundary | Invisible line that marks the extent of a state's territory. |
| Colonialism | Attempt by one country to establish settlements and to impose its political, economic, and cultural principles in another territory. |
| Colony | A territory that is legally tied to a sovereign state rather than completely independent. |
| Compact state | A state in which the distance from the center to any boundary does not vary significantly. |
| Elongated state | A state with a long, narrow shape. |
| Federal state | An internal organization of a state that allocates most powers to units of local government. |
| Fragmented state | A state that includes several discontinuous pieces of territory. |
| Frontier | zone separating two states in which neither state |
| zone separating two states in which neither state | Process of redrawing legislative boundaries for the purpose of benefiting the party in power. |
| Imperialism | Control of territory already occupied and organized by an indigenous society. |
| Landlocked state | A state that does not have a direct outlet to the sea. |
| Microstate | A state that encompasses a very small land area. Migration Form of relocation diffusion involving permanent move to a new location. |
| Perforated state | A state that completely surrounds another one. |
| Prorupted state | An otherwise compact state with a large projecting extension. |
| Sovereignty | Ability of a state to govern its territory free from control of its internal affairs by other states. |
| State | An area organized into a political unit and ruled by an established government \\ith control over its internal and foreign affairs. |
| Unitary state | An internal organization of a state that places most power in the hands of central government officials. |
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Chenchen
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