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Health Ch 8
Reproduction and Heredity
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Endocrine glands | One of a group of ductless glands that release hormones directly into the bloodstream. |
| Estrogen | A hormone produced by the ovaries that regulates the development of female secondary sex characteristics and controls sex drive. |
| Hormones | A substance that acts as a chemical messenger in the body. |
| Ovaries | The two female reproductive glands, located one on each side of the body, a few inches below the waist. |
| Pituitary gland | A small endocrine gland, located at the base of the brain, that controls activities, such as growth rate, metabolism, and reproduction. |
| Progesterone | A hormone produced by the ovaries that controls the development of the endometrium during the menstrual cycle and helps to maintian the uterus during pregnancy. |
| Testes | The two male reproductive glands, located in the scrotum. |
| Epididymis | A J-shaped tube located on the back of each testis, in which sperm are stored for two to four days after they are formed. |
| Inguinal hernia | A condition that occurs when part of the intestine pushes into the scrotum. |
| Penis | The male organ through which sperm and urine leave the body. |
| Puberty | The period of sexual development during which males and females becoome sexually mature and able to produce children. |
| Scrotum | The external sac of the skin in which the testes are located. |
| Semen | A liquid that contains sperm as well as fluids provided by the seminal vesicles, Cowper's glands, and prostate gland. |
| Vas deferens | One of two tubes that carry sperm from the epididymis to the urethra. |
| Cervix | The narrow base, or outer end, of the uterus. |
| Endometrium | The lining of the uterus. |
| Fallopian tubes | One of two narrow tubes through which eggs pass from the ovaries to the uterus. |
| Menstruation | The discharge of blood and tissue from the uterus. |
| Ovulation | The release of one or more eggs from an ovary. |
| Toxic shock syndrome | A bacterial infection characterized by sudden high fever, rash, vomitting, diarrhea, and dizziness, occurring chiefly, among women who use tampons. |
| Uterus | A hollow, muscular organ located between the ovaries and behind the urinary bladder, in which a fertilized egg grows and develops. |
| Vagina | The passage leading from the cervix to the outside of the body; also known as the birth canal. |
| Chromosomes | Tiny structures in cells that contain hereditary information. |
| Cystic fibrosis | A recessive genetic disorder in which the lungs and pancreas secrete abnormally thick mucus; it occurs mainly among whites. |
| Downs syndrome | A genetic disorder resulting from an extra chromosome; people with Down syndrome are mentally retarded, may have heart defects, and have a distinctive physical appearance. |
| Duchenne muscular dystrophy | A sex-linked disorder in which the person lacks a protein needed for muscle function; as a result, muscle tissue breaks down and a person loses muscle control. |
| Gene | A section of a chromosome that determines a single trait; the basic unit of heredity. |
| Hemophilia | A sex-linked disorder in which the person's blood does not clot properly. |
| Phenylketonuria | A recessive genetic disorder in which the body cannot break down phenylalanine; it can cause mental retardation. |
| sex-linked disorders | A genetic disorder caused by a gene that is found on a sex chromosome, usually the X chromosome. |
| sickle-cell disease | A recessive genetic blood disorder characterized by red blood cells with an abonormal sickle shape; it occurs most frequently among people of African descent. |
| Tay-Sachs disease | A recessive genetic disorder characterized by the lack of an important chemical in the brain resulting in brain damage. |
| What is the name of the lining of the uterus? | Endometrium |
| ________ is a genetic disorder of red blood cells. | Hemophilia |
| Name the hormone that causes the lining of the uterus to thicken. | Progesterone |
| What is the birth canal called? | Vagina |
| What is the name of the structure where sperm mature and acquire the abilty to move? | Epididymis |
| What is the process by which a mature egg is released from the ovary? | Ovulation |
| What are the genetic disorders in whch the gene for the disorder is found on the X chromosome? | Sex-linked disorders. |
| Name the male reproductive glands that produce testosterone and sperm. | Testes |
| _______ is the endocrine gland that controls metabolism, growth, and reproduction. | Pituitary gland |
| Name the large gland in the body that is shaped like a bow tie and is located at the front of the neck. | Thyroid gland |
| The endocrine glands produce chemical substances known as ____________. | Hormones |
| The reproductive glands are controlled by the ___________ glands. | Thyroid |
| The testes hang outside the body within a sac known as the ___________. | Scrotum |
| When a person is unalbe to reproduce, this is called what? | Sterility |
| The process during which an egg matures and is released and the uterus prepares to receive it is called? | Menstrual cycle |
| The average menstrual cycle last ________ days. | 28 |
| The menstual cycle can be as short as ________ days? | 21 |
| The menstrual cycle can be as long as _________ days? | 35 |
| T/F If a sexually mature male gets the mumps, he can become sterile. | True |
| T/F - Exposure to certain chemicals will not cause sterility. | False |
| ________ is an area of uncontrolled cell growth that invades the surrounding tissue and destroys it. | Cancer |
| T/F - the best time to do a breast self-exam is the week of your period. | False |
| When is the best time to do a breast self-exam? | The week after a menstrual period, when breasts are least swollen. |
| T/F - the best time to do a testicualr exam is after a cold shower. | False |
| T/F - lumps are usually found on the front or sides of the testes. | True |
| How many chromosomes are contained in your body? | 46 |
| How many chromosomes are considered sex chromosomes? | 23 |
| __________ genes are experssed whenever they are present. | Dominant |
| _________ genes are only expressed when the dominant gene is not present. | Recessive |
| A __________ is a section of a chromomsome that determines a single trait, such as earlobe shape. | Gene |
| ___________ are found in almost every cell in your body. | Chromosomes |
| ___________ is the passing on or transmission, of biological characteristics from parent to child. | Heredity |
| ______________ is an abnormal condition that a person inherits through genes or chromosomes. | Genetic disorder |
| T/F - Huntington's disease is a disorder that shows up whenever one gene is present. | True |
| T/F - people who have Sickle-cell disease have a condition where their blood does not clot. | False |
| T/F - Sickle-shaped cells can carry as much oxygen as normally shaped cells. | False |
| T/F - Phenylketonuria (PKU) is a metabolic disorder that can cause severe mental retardation. | True |
| ___________ is the result of an extra chromosome (chromosome 21). | Down Syndrome |
| ____________ is the most common sex-linked disorder. | Color blindness |
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