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+ Muscular System
* Muscular System
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| 2 major functions of the muscular system | movement heat production |
| How does the muscular system provide movement | muscles span over a joint(s) allowing the bones to move and propel. lift. chew, talk. etc |
| How does the muscular system provide heat production | rapid muscle contration provides heat for the body |
| Skeletal muscle contraction uses | ACH ATP Sodium Calcium |
| origin | muscle origination less moveable part |
| insertion | muscle grows into this point most moveable part |
| muscle action | what happens when the more mobile bone is brought toward the more stable bone during a muscular contraction |
| agonist | a muscle whose contraction moves a part of the body directy |
| antagonist | lengthening muscle while contracting to facilitate the arrect of the bone movement |
| prime mover | the muscle which provides the primary force of movement |
| synergist | muscles that work with the prime mover to create movement |
| fixators | a muscle which acts as the stabilizer and helps the agonist work effectively |
| stabilizer | smaller muscle that support the body/joint while the primary mover performs the intended movement |
| shunt muscle | originates closer to the joint it crosses than the joint it inserts. Helps to stabilize the joint |
| spurt muscle | originates farther from the joint than it inserts |
| neurtralizers | muscles that contract to prevent unwanted actions that occur as a result of the contraction of other muscles |
| contracture | muscle contraction activity without electrical activity |
| convulsion | abnormal, uncoordinated tetanic contractions of varying groups of muscles |
| cramps | painful muscle spasms |
| fasciculation | visible, involuntary twitch of the muscles of a motor unti of short duration |
| fibrillation | abnormal contraction in which muscle contract asychronously |
| hypertonia | increase in muscle tone |
| hypotonia | decrease in muscle tone |
| myalgia | pain originating in the muscle |
| myoma | tumor in the muscle |
| myositis | inflammation of muscle |
| rigidity | muscle spasm of both agonist and antagonist |
| spasm | persistent contraction of muscle that cannot be released voluntarily |
| spasticity | muscle spasm observed in conditions and brain or spinal cord injury. Increased excitability of the stretch reflex |
| tic | involuntary spasmodic twitch of muscle (usually in the face) |
| tremor | repetitive, involuntary, oscillatory movement caused by irregular contraction of opposing muscle groups |
| intrinsic muscles | smaller muscles located within the various body areas (hand, foot, trunk) |
| extrinsic muscles | muscles that originate outside the area and crosses a joint (forearm to hand, lower leg to foot, etc) |
| actin | thin filament |
| myosin | thick filament |
| fascicles | bundles of muscle fibers surrounded by connective tissue |
| perimysium | connective tissue layer surrounding fascicle |
| epimysium | connective tissue layer which surrounds the whole muscle |
| aponeurosis | thick layer of connective tissue which covers sensitive structures such as the spine or skull |
| sarcoplasm | cytoplasm enclosed in the sarcolemma |
| T tubules | transverse tubes, transmit impulses, house the myofibrils |
| SR | sarcoplasmic reticulum, transverse tubules which contains high levels of of calcium ions required for muscular contraction |
| myofilaments | arrangement of protein filaments, do not run the entire length of the muscle |
| sarcomere | functional unit of the muscle which enables the muscle to contract |
| Z line | "zig-zag" Z disk; Z line to Z line is one complete sarcomere |
| M line | protein fibers that hold myosin filaments in place |
| A Band | width of the myofibril occupied by the myosin filament |
| I band | width of the myofibril occupied by the actin filament |
| H zone | the space in the sarcomere which the actin and myosin do not cross |
| tropomyosin | protein that prevents actin-myosin interaction |
| troponin | protein |
Created by:
PRO Teacher
Zenfenn
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