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Ancient India

QuestionAnswer
Monsoon Seasonal winds that bring rainfall to the subcontinent of India
Subcontinent The area of south Asia that developed differently than the rest of the continent because of geographic barriers that kept them from having contact with people in other areas of the continent.
Indus River Valley The area where the first Indian civilization developed. One of the four cradles of civilization.
Harappa First civilization developed in the Indus River Valley.
Aryans Nomadic tribe that settled in the Indus River Valley after the Harappans. They created the idea of the caste system and the Vedas
Citadel A large castle-like system of major buildings
Grid Pattern Cities A system where city blocks ran at right angles intersecting with each other to form a grid (Think NYC!)
Social Mobility The ability to move up or down in social class.
Monarchy A government ruled by a king or a queen
Polytheism Belief in many gods
Hinduism Oldest religion still practiced widely today. Developed in India and is polytheistic.
Brahma, Vishnu, Shiva The three major gods of Hinduism. Brahma is seen as the creator god, Vishnu the preserver, and Shiva the destroyer
Reincarnation Rebirth of the soul.
Karma The belief that you are rewarded for positive actions and/or punished for negative actions in life. Hindus believe karma impacts your place in the caste system; Buddhists believe karma impacts your daily life.
Dharma The duties that you are expected to perform according to your caste within Hinduism.
Moksha When the soul is released from Samsara and becomes one with the creator god, Brahma. This is the ultimate goal of a Hindu
Samsara The cycle of birth, life, death, and rebirth
Vedas Most important holy book within Hinduism
Siddhartha Gautama Founder of Buddhism. Was a Kshatriyan prince that was moved by the suffering the world. He founded Buddhism while trying to find an end to human suffering.
Four Noble Truths All humans suffer, they suffer because of a desire for material things, we must end the suffering, to do this, we must follow the Eightfold Path
Eightfold Path Step by step journey to reach enlightenment
Nirvana When the soul is released from Samsara and becomes one with the universe. This is the ultimate goal of a Buddhist. It is similar to Moksha in the Hindu religion but they do not believe the soul becomes with a god.
Buddhist perspective of the Caste System Buddhists reject the caste system and believe everyone is equal. They do not believe that Brahmins are the only ones who can reach Moksha and they do not believe Untouchables should be discriminated against.
Caste System The strict/rigid social class structure of India with NO SOCIAL MOBILITY!
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