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APHG CH 8 VOCAB
Wahowski Cy Lakes
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Binational/ Multinational State | A state that contains more than one nation. |
| Balance of power | Condition of roughly equal strength between opposing alliances |
| Centripetal Force | Bind people together in a state giving the state more political strength and unity |
| Centrifugal Force | Breaks the people of a nation apart causing the state to lose strength. |
| City State | A sovereign state that comprises a town and the surrounding countryside |
| Cold War | War between the communist Soviet Union and the democratic US that had no bloodshed but caused tension globally |
| Colonialism | Effort by one country to establish settlements and to impose its political, economic, and cultural principles on such territory. |
| Colonies | Dependent areas |
| Command Economy | Type of economy with socialist principles of centralized planning and state ownership |
| Compact State | The distance from the center to any boundary is about the same giving it a shape similar to a circle. Promotes good communications among all regions. |
| Confederal System | Type of government that spreads the power among many sub-units (such as states) and has a weak central government |
| Core Area | Area that is typically central and expands outward along their frontiers. Growth stops when the boundary bumps up again other nation states. |
| Cultural Boundary | Boundaries between some states that are set by ethnic differences especially by language and religion. |
| Democratization | The process of a nation becoming a democracy: 1. Civil liberities, 2. Rule of Law, 3. Checks and Balances, 4. Open Civil Society 5. Control of the military |
| Devolution | Tendency to decentralize decision making to regional governments. |
| Positional Disputes | States argue where the border actually is. |
| Territorial Disputes | Disputes over the ownership of a region, usually around their mutual borders. |
| Resource Disputes | Disputes over natural resources |
| Functional Disputes | Disputes when neighboring states can not agree on policies that apply in a border area. |
| Economic Force | Economic inequalities may also destabilize a nation-state |
| Electoral Geography | The study of how the spatial configuration of electoral districts and voting patterns reflect and influence social and political affairs. |
| Elongated States | States that have long and narrow shapes |
| Enclaves | Nations that are landlocked within another country |
| Exclaves | Small bits of territory that lie on coasts separated from the state by the territory of another state. |
| Ethnic Force | When a state contains strong ethnic groups with identities that differe from those of the majority, it can threaten the territorial integrity of the state itself. |
| Ethnonationalism | The tendency for an ethnic group to see itself as a distinct nation with a right to utonomy or independence |
| European Constitution | Constitution passed by the European Union that allows common markets, currencies political policies and defense for European nations within the European Union |
| European Monetary Union | Central bank in Europe that allows common currency of the Euro. |
| European Union | Regional organization in Europe that brings European nations together economically, politically, and socially |
| Federal System | Type of government that divides the power between the central government and the sub-units. |
| Forward Capital | If the capital city serves as model for national objectives |
| Fragmentation | Divisions based on ethnic or cutlural identity |
| Fragmented State | States that have several discontinuous pieces of territory |
| Frontiers | A geographic zone where no state exercises power, no boundaries |
| Geometric Boundary | Straight imaginary lines that gernerally have good reason behind them |
| Gerrymandering | Redrawing boundaries to improve the chances of a certain political candidate to win more seats/ votes |
| Geopolitics | Study of the spatial and territorial dimensions of power relationships within the global political-territorial order. |
| Globalization | |
| Government | A reference to the leadership and institutions that make policy decisions for the country |
| Heartland Theory | Theory where the "pivot area" of the Earth is Eurasia and it holds all of the Earth's resources both natural and human to dominate the globe. |
| Imperialism | Empire building |
| Institutions | Stable, long lasting organizations that help to turn political ideas into policy |
| Integration | A process that encourages countries to pool their sovereignty in order to gain political, economic, and social clout. |
| Internal Boundaries | Modern countries divide their territory into sections |
| Irredentism | When settlers settle into another territory ruled by another nation. |
| Landlocked States | States lacking ocean frontage and surrounded by other states. They are typically at a disadvantage for trade, sea resources transportation and communication. |
| Mackind, Sir Halford | Developed the Heartland Theory, based off of British global empire |
| Market Economy | Type of economy where citizens can make their own economic choices |
| Marketization | The state's re-creation of a market in which property, labor, goods, and services can all function in a competitive environment to determine their value |
| Microstates | Smallest nations in the world |
| Minority/ Majority Districting | Rearranging districts to allow a minority representative to be elected |
| Perforated States | A state that completely surround another country |
| Mixed Economy | Type of economy that allows the government to have some control over the people's economic choices |
| Monetary Policy | Control of the money supply |
| Muticore State | States with more than one core area |
| Nation | Group of people that is bound together by a common politicy identity |
| Nation-State | State whose territorial extent coincides with that occupied by a distinct nation or people whose population shares a general sense of unity and allegiance to set of common values |
| Nationalism | A national consciousness |
| Physical Boundary | Phsycial features that are used to separate nations or territorities |
| Political Culture | Collection of political beliefs, values, practices, and institutions that the government is based on |
| Political Geography | The study of political organization of the planet |
| Politicalization of religion | Arguement of the separation of church and state in a nation |
| Politics | Which group or nation has all of the governing power |
| Primate City | Largest city in a nation (usually the nation's capital) |
| Privatization | The transfer of state-owned property to private ownership |
| Prorupted States | Compact state with a large projecting extension |
| Ratzel, Friedrich | Theory of the state being an organism that needs to grow along a life cycle |
| Relative Location | Where a state is located compared to other states |
| Rimland Theory | Challenged the Heartland Theory and said that the coast lines of Eurasia held the key to global power |
| Security Council | The decision making body in the United Nations |
| Separatist Movement | Nationalities within a country may demand independence. |
| Spatial Force | spatially devolutionary events most often occur on the margins of the state. |
| Spykman, Nicholas | Created the rimland theory |
| Stateless Nation | People without a state |
| States | countries |
| Supranational Organization | Large organization of multiple states |
| Territorial Morphology | Describes the shape, sizes, and relative locations of states |
| Territoriality | Efforts to control pieces of the Earth's surface for political and social ends |
| Thrid Wave of Democratization | Characterized by the defeat of dictatorial or totalitarian rulers |
| Three Pillars | Spheres of authority in the European Union |
| Unitary State | System that concentrates all policymaking powers in one central geographic place. |
Created by:
smw11209
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