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New Imperialism
Here is the vocabulary for the New Age of Imperialism
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Imperialism | The belief in building an empire (politically, economically, religiously, socially, intellectually, and by area). |
| Empire | A collection of nations or peoples ruled by a single authority, usually a monarch, and controlled politically and/or socially. and/or economically, and/or intellectually, and/or religiously, and/or by area. |
| British Empire | The empire of Great Britain, Northern Ireland and all of their colonies and protectorates (India). |
| Scramble for Africa | Over 90% of Africa was taken over by European countries that scrambled (raced) to take over the continent. This was set in motion by the Berlin Conference. |
| Berlin Conference | A meeting in 1885 of the European Empires (Imperial powers) to colonize Africa along geographic boundaries. |
| "White Man's Burden" | Was a poem written by Rudyard Kipling that showed the ideas of European thoughts on how to civilize (help improve) the people that they imperialized (took over) by teaching them European customs and religious beliefs (Christianity). |
| Social Darwinism | The idea that it was natural for strong countries/societies (European nations) to take over weaker countries (like nations in Africa and Asia). It comes from the evolution theories of Charles Darwin and applied to people. This will eventually culminate in the social construct of race. |
| Race | A social construct (made up by people) in which categories of people are defined by various characteristics (skin color, eye shape, hair type, face width, etc.). |
| Raw Materials or Natural Resources | The natural elements and physical materials/resource of the earth (coal, iron, copper, salt, wood, gold, silver, oil). |
| Eugenics | The science of race in which people use science to attempt to prove the social construct of race. |
| Isolationism | The belief that a country/colony or area closes themselves off to outside influence and possibly trade as well. |
| Tokugawa Shogunate | The feudal period in Japan when the Shoguns (Nobles) ruled instead of the emperor and they isolated Japan from outside trade and influence. |
| Meiji Restoration | The period after 400+ years of Shogun rule in which the emperor (Meiji) was restored to power and opened up trade to other countries and Japan was no longer isolationist. |
| Sepoy Mutiny | Rebellion in which India tried (but failed) to gained independence from Great Britain (England). |
| Boxer Rebellion | Rebellion in which China tried (but failed) to gain independence from the various European (Western) nations that controlled them. |
| Spheres of Influence | An area/region/colony/country in which a more powerful country/empire has considerable control & influence. |
| Opium Wars | After the British began smuggling opium (an addictive drug) into China, the Chinese fought back in the famous Opium Wars. |
| Cecil Rhodes | Person who was an imperialist and named a British Colony after himself (Rhodesia) now called Zimbabwe. |
| Rudyard Kipling | Wrote the poem "White Man's Burden" which criticized imperialism. |
| Queen Victoria | Was ruler of the British Empire and Empress of India. She was the ruler at the greatest height (expansion) of the British Empire. |
| Commodore Matthew Perry | Was the person who opened up the ports of Japan for trade after the Meiji was restored to power. |
| Herbert Spencer | Created the idea of Social Darwinism in which Darwin’s ideas of natural selection applied to people and society. He invented the term “Survival of the fittest” as it is applied to society. Only the strongest in a society survive. |
| Must Know Concepts - New Age of Imperialism | The New Age of Imperialism begins as a result of the Industrial Revolution as a search for raw material/natural resources for manufacturing |
| Must Know Concepts - New Age of Imperialism | The European empires and countries expanded their empires by establishing colonies in Asia (China, Southeast Asia, etc) and Africa. |
| Must Know Concepts - Scramble for Africa | The Scramble for Africa was a result of the Berlin Conference in which the European imperial powers divided Africa based upon geographic boundaries with Great Britain (British Empire) gaining the most territory and natural resources. |
| Must Know Concepts - Scramble for Africa | The effects of the Scramble for Africa caused tribes to be split between two or more colonies since there was little or no attention paid to tribal or ethnic boundaries and solely based upon geography. |
| Must Know Concepts - PERSIA | The means by which the imperial power influenced their colony was by political, economic, religious, social, intellectual, and by area (PERSIA). |
| Must Know Concepts - White Man's Burden | Intellectually, religiously, and socially they felt it was their responsibility to civilize the African and Indian people. This was known as "White man's burden" |
| Must Know Concepts - White Man's Burden | The social construct of "race" was used as a means by which to classify people into different social classes and backed up by the false science of eugenics. |