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Nationalism

Here is the vocabulary for the Nationalism Unit.

TermDefinition
Nationalism loyalty to one’s country or ethnic group
Realpolitik A system of principles based on practical rather than moral or ideological consideration.
Unification To make or bring together several parts of a region/area in to form one country.
Independence The separating of a colony, region, or area from a mother country to form their own self-government most often by popular sovereignty.
Popular Sovereignty The concept that a group of people in a country/area/region/colony should determine their own form of government.
Westernization To make a colony/country/region/area similar to the countries of Western Europe and America.
Modernization To make a colony/country/nation/region/area current politically, economically, religiously, socially, and intellectually (PERSIA).
Tokugawa Shogunate The feudal period in Japan when the Shoguns (Nobles) ruled instead of the emperor and they isolated Japan from outside trade and influence.
Meiji Restoration The period after 400+ years of Shogun rule in which the emperor (Meiji) was restored to power and opened up trade to other countries and Japan was no longer isolationist.
Otto von Bismarck Prime Minister of Prussia; leader of German unification
Kaiser Wilhelm I King of Prussia & unified Germany; supported Bismarck & unification movement
King Victor Emmanuel II King of Sardinia & unified Italy
Camilo di Count Cavour loyalty to one’s country or ethnic group. He was called “the heart” of unification.
Giuseppe Garibaldi known for military leadership of the Red Shirts; unified southern Italian states He was called “the sword” of unification.
Toussaint L'Ouverture A nationalist leader who helped gain independence for Haiti from France in 1804.
Jose de San Martin A nationalist leader (primary leader) who helped gain independence for Argentina, Chile, and Peru from Spain.
Bernardo O'Higgins A nationalist leader (secondary leader) who helped gain independence for Argentina, Chile, and Peru from Spain.
Simon Bolivar A nationalist leader who helped gain independence for Venezuela, Columbia, Ecuador, Peru, Panama, and Bolivia.
Miguel Hidalgo A nationalist leader who helped gain independence for Mexico from Spain.
Commodore Matthew Perry The person who opened up the ports of Japan for trade after the Meiji was restored to power.
Giuseppe Mazzini The nationalist leader for Italy. He was called “the Brain” of unification.
Austro-Prussian War 2nd war of German unification; unified the northern states; removed Austria from German unification process
Balance of Power foreign policy requiring alliances to be balanced in order to try to prevent war; pursued by Britain
Blood and Iron policy of German unification put forth by Bismarck; belief that industry & war would unify Germany
Boxer Rebellion anti-foreigner, nationalist uprising in China (1900)
Compensation policy of rewarding nations that fought against Napoleon with land (compensating them for their losses)
Conservatism supports the traditional social & political order; resists change.
Crimean War first modern war; Russia fought European & Ottoman forces for territory in the Black Sea area
Danish War 1st war of German unification; Prussia received northern territories
Franco-Prussian War last war of German unification; Germany unified & took provinces of Alsace & Lorraine
Hungarian Compromise of 1867 signed by Austrian Emperor; created the dual monarchy of Austria-Hungary
Legitimacy policy of restoring power to the ‘legitimate’ ruler of the region following the Napoleonic wars
Liberalism supports individual rights and freedoms over the state
Pogrom murderous raids on Jewish communities
Red Shirts militia group in Southern Italy, led by Garibaldi; unified southern states
Russification policy aimed at forcing minorities to adopt Russian culture
Self-strengthening Movement political, economic and military reforms implemented in China after defeat in the Opium Wars
Taiping Rebellion 14-year anti-government uprising; eventually put down, but costs 20-30 million lives
Tanzimat Reforms series of reforms designed to modernize and westernize the Ottoman Empire
Treaty of Nanjing treaty negotiated after the Opium War; gave Britain Hong Kong & opened China to foreign domination
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