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Vocabulary
Unit 26: Nutrition, Diets, and I&O
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Nutrition | entire process by which the body takes in food for growth and repair, energy, and to maintain health. |
| Digestion | process of breaking down food into simple substances that can be used by the body for nourishment. |
| Nutrients | 6 essential nutrients are: proteins, carbohydrates, fats, minerals, vitamins, and water. |
| Amino acids | the building blocks of protein. |
| Proteins | used to repair and rebuild the body’s cells. |
| Carbohydrates | energy foods found in fruits, vegetables, grains, and sugars. |
| Fats | energy foods found in pork, butter, nuts, egg yolks, and cheese. |
| Cellulose | fiber or roughage essential for regular bowel movements (found in fruits, vegetables and whole wheat grains). |
| Defecation | bowel movement, eliminating solid waste from the body. |
| Dehydration | not enough fluids or water. |
| Diaphoresis | profuse sweating. |
| Edema | swelling or extra fluid in the tissues. |
| Emesis | vomit, throw-up. |
| Gastrostomy tube (also called a G-tube) | surgical opening into the stomach |
| Nasogastric tube (also called a NG-tube) | tube that is placed through the nostril, down the back of the throat and into the stomach. |
| I and O – Intake and Output | Intake is any fluid that goes into your body, and Output is any fluid that comes out of your body. |
| Force Fluid | to encourage fluid intake. |
| Clear liquid diet | only fluids you can see through: water, ginger ale, sprite, apple juice, cranberry juice, tea with no milk, coffee with no cream, jello, and broth. |
| Full liquid diet | soup, sherbert, jello, milk shake, frappe, yogurt, ice cream, cream of wheat, (and everything that is on a clear liquid diet). |
| Soft diet | soft foods such as scrambled eggs, macaroni and cheese, oatmeal, mashed potatoes, (for people who have difficulty chewing or swallowing or who have missing teeth). |
| Regular diet (also called a General diet or a House diet) | can eat whatever they want. |
| NAS diet | a low sodium or low salt diet, for people who have hypertension or heart trouble such as CHF (Congestive Heart Failure). |
| Diabetic diet | limited calorie diet for diabetics, usually 1200, 1500, or 1800 calorie diet to help keep their blood sugar under control,(uses exchange lists for food choices). |
| NPO | nothing by mouth. |
| TPN | Total Parenteral Nutrition, (specially mixed IV bag that has proteins, carbs, and fats and vitamins given through a large vein only). |
| Aspiration | to accidentally breathe food or fluid into your airway and your lungs. |
| Enteral feedings | nutrition and fluids given through a G-tube or NG-tube (also called tube feedings, for people who cannot swallow). |
| BMR - Basal Metabolic Rate | the rate at which a person burns calories when they are at rest. |
| BMI - Body Mass Index | a chart that compares height and weight to determine if a person’s weight is underweight, normal, overweight, obese, or morbidly obese. |
| Hyperemesis gravidarum | excessive vomiting during the condition of pregnancy. |
| Dysphagia | difficulty swallowing. |
Created by:
hunnytoons.
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