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Enlightenment

vocab and people and book + who wrote them

TermDefinition
The Leviathan written by Thomas Hobbes; expressed the belief that people need a strong government to control them; proposed the idea of social contracts
Immanuel Kant came up with the idea of the Age of Reason; idea of general laws of nature
natural law unchanging principle, discovered through reason, that governs human conduct
social contract an agreement by which people gave up their freedom to a powerful government in order to avoid chaos
natural rights rights that belong to all humans from birth, such as life, liberty, and property
philosophe "philosopher"; French thinker who desired reform in society during the Enlightenment
laissez faire policy allowing business to operate with little or no government interference
free market market regulated by the natural laws of supply and demand
free enterprise system economic system in which private businesses compete with each other with little control by the government; AKA "capitalism"; driven by supply and demand, rather than government regulations
censorship restriction on access to ideas or information
salon informal social gathering at which writers, artists, philosophes, and others exchanged ideas
baroque ornate style of art and architecture; popular in the 1600s and 1700s
rococo personal, elegant style of art and architecture that featured designs with the shapes of leaves, shells, and flowers; popular in the mid-1700s
enlightened despot absolute ruler who used his/her power to bring about political and social change
Two Treatis on Government written by John Locke; used history as evidence to support the people's rights to life, liberty, and property
John Locke believed that people are good/moral; people are born with natural rights to life, liberty, and property; the purpose of the government is to protect the people's rights; government should have limited authority and bad government should be overthrown
Thomas Hobbes believed that people are cruel, greedy, and selfish; believed that people need a strong government to keep order and control; encouraged the use of social contracts
Baron de Montesquieu believed in no absolute governments; proposed the idea of checks and balances
The Spirit of the Laws written by Baron de Montesquieu; proposed the idea of checks and balances; proposed three branched of government (legislative, executive, and judicial) to maintain a balance of power
legislative branch that makes laws
executive branch that carries out laws
judicial branch that enforces laws
Voltaire hated religious prejudice; hated slave trade; was exiled for his books against these injustices
Encyclopedia produced by Denis Diderot
Jean Jacques Roussoan people are good; gov. places too many limits on people's behavior; minimal limits decided by freely-elected gov.; people have a "general will"; hated political and economic oppression; needs of the community should take priority over needs of individuals
Mary Wollenstonecraft expressed the injustice that women's rights were limited to home and family
physiocrats AKA "philosophers"
mercantilism government control of businesses; make and sell products in your own country, so the money stays in your country
The Wealth of Nations written by Adam Smith; suggested the idea of laissez faire; expressed the belief that if people traded with the world, those people would become richer
Gulliver's Travels written by Johnathan Swift
opera created by composers such as Bach, Handel, and Mozart; emphasized/portrayed average life
literature books, novels, and stories; Robinson Caruso; people better understood and more closely related to
Catherine the Great liked Voltaire; liked the Encyclopedia; some equality
Frederick the Great liked Voltaire; ruled Prussia; make government more efficient
Charter of Rights written by Catherine the Great
Joseph II from Austria; most radical; free press (freedom of press)
Created by: henao.bella
Popular World History sets

 

 



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