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Unit 0
Ancient Civilizations
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Code of Hammurabi | The first written law code in ancient Babylon based off of your social class. |
| Indus River | A river in India. One of the longest rivers in the world. |
| Himalayan Mountains | A mountain range in India separating the alluvial plains and the plateau of Tibet. |
| Monsoon | Seasonal change of the strongest winds |
| Huang He (Yellow) River | Second longest river in China. |
| Dynastic Circle | Pattern of the highs and lows of the dynasties in China. |
| Mandate of Heaven | Used in ancient China to officialize the rule of the king/Emperor of China. God's approval in of the emperor. |
| Ethnocentric | Stereotyping other peoples' cultures based off of our culture's beliefs/standards |
| Monotheistic | The belief that there is only one God |
| Judaism | First monoreligion of the Hebrews; the Jewish belief that there is one God |
| Ten Commandments | The Hebrew Law Code; the 10 rules God gave Moses for the people to live by |
| Caste System | In India, the segregation of people determined by birth |
| Nomad | People who have no permanent home (they travel from place to place in search of food) |
| Cultural Diffusion | The process where all different kinds of knowledge and ways of life are spread/shared with other communities |
| Neolithic Revolution | The transition from nomadic bands of hunter gatherers to early civilization. |
| Domestication | Taming an animal to keep it as a pet or on a farm |
| Irrigation | Supply of water to land/crops to help with produce/growth |
| Silt | Sand/clay carried by running water and deposited as a sediment |
| River Valley | Channels that have been formed naturally by a river |
| Nile River | Located in Egypt; the world's longest river that flows through eastern Africa into the Mediterranean |
| Pharoah | A ruler in ancient Egypt |
| Polytheistic | Belief in worshipping more than one God |
| Tigris and Euphrates River | Borders for the Ancient Mesopotamia; they make up the 'Fertile Crescent" and are a great source of agriculture |
| Hieroglyphics | sacred carvings created by scribes; formal writing system used in ancient Egypt |
| Cultural diffusion | The process where all different kinds of knowledge and ways of life are spread/shared with other communities (mango, mango) |
| Cunieform | First style of writing "wedge shaped"; earliest known writing system designed to write the Sumerian language of southern Mesopotamia |
| Ziggurat | A rectangular stepped tower, sometimes mounted by a temple use in ancient Mesopotamia |
| Yellow River | Located in China |
| Yangtze River | Located in China |
| Geography of Mesopotamia | Tigris, Euphrates, Mediterranean, Persian Gulf |
| Geography of Egypt | Nile river, deserts, and pyramids |
| Geography of India | Indus and Ganges Rivers, monsoons, mountains and deserts |
| Geography of China | Asia, Yellow and Yangtze rivers, mountains |
| Major cities of Mesopotamia | Sumer and Babylon |
| Major cities of Egypt | Memphis, Cairo, Thebes, Giza |
| Major cities of India | Harappa |
| Major cities of China | Anyang |
| Ruler of Mesopotamia | Hammurabi |
| Ruler of Egypt | Pharoah (God kings) |
| Ruler of India | Priests |
| Ruler of China | Emperors |
| Writing system of Mesopotamia | Cunieform |
| Writing system of Egypt | Hieroglyphics |
| Writing system of India | Pictographs |
| Writing system of China | Evolved pictographs |
| Religious beliefs of Mesopotamia | Polytheism and Monotheism (Hebrews, Judaism) |
| Religious beliefs of Egypt | Polytheism, Afterlife, and mummification |
| Religious beliefs of India | Polytheism, Hinduism, reincarnation and karma |
| Religious beliefs of China | Veneration of ancestors; worship spirits of ancestors guide people |
| Achievements of Mesopotamia | First style of writing First city builders Religion Government Documents recorded on clay Alphabet Cultural Diffusion |
| Achievements of Egypt | Cranes Medicine Geometry Numbers 3 writing forms Temples Transportation Irrigation |
| Achievements of India | Built levys man made islands grid system irrigation |
| Achievements of China | Great Wall Gun powder Silk Paper |
| Why was the code of Hammurabi a major achievement for early civilizations? | It was the first written law code used in Ancient Babylon based on your social class. It created morals for people and gave them a good understanding of the difference between right and wrong. |
| Explain the Dynastic Cycle in China | It is used to describe the pattern of the rise and fall of the dynasties in China. The Mandate of Heaven is a part of this too, as it lets the gods pick the ruler. |
| Who occupied the top social class in most early civilizations? | Ruler, priest, or the wealthy |
| Who occupied the lowest social class in most early civilizations? | Artisans |
| How did surplus farming lead to job specialization? | It allowed some people to not have to farm, giving them time to think and invent |
| Why were rivers important to early civilizations? | They provided fertile soil, water, and the ability to fish. The fertile soil allowed people to farm and start settling. This also allowed the to feed a lot of people because it created. a surplus of food. |
| Why were trade routes important to ancient civilizations? | Cultural diffusion! New inventions were shared with the world as well as religious beliefs, artistic styles, languages, customs, rules, laws, and helped conduct business. |
| How did life evolve and change for the earliest humans? | People began as nomads, then farming was discovered and the Neolithic Revolution began. Settling created jobs, farming, and gave people additional time to be able to invent; writing, time, geometry, irrigation, transportation, and government (gave peop |
| What was the Neolithic Revolution? | The transition from nomadic bands of hunter-gatherers to early civilization. |
| Hieroglyphics | sacred carvings created by scribes; formal writing system used in ancient Egypt |
| Cultural diffusion | The process where all different kinds of knowledge and ways of life are spread/shared with other communities (mango, mango) |
| Cunieform | First style of writing "wedge shaped"; earliest known writing system designed to write the Sumerian language of southern Mesopotamia |
| Ziggurat | A rectangular stepped tower, sometimes mounted by a temple use in ancient Mesopotamia |
| Yellow River | Located in China |
| Yangtze River | Located in China |
| Geography of Mesopotamia | Tigris, Euphrates, Mediterranean, Persian Gulf |
| Geography of Egypt | Nile river, deserts, and pyramids |
| Geography of India | Indus and Ganges Rivers, monsoons, mountains and deserts |
| Geography of China | Asia, Yellow and Yangtze rivers, mountains |
| Major cities of Mesopotamia | Sumer and Babylon |
| Major cities of Egypt | Memphis, Cairo, Thebes, Giza |
| Major cities of India | Harappa |
| Major cities of China | Anyang |
| Ruler of Mesopotamia | Hammurabi |
| Ruler of Egypt | Pharoah (God kings) |
| Ruler of India | Priests |
| Ruler of China | Emperors |
| Writing system of Mesopotamia | Cunieform |
| Writing system of Egypt | Hieroglyphics |
| Writing system of India | Pictographs |
| Writing system of China | Evolved pictographs |
| Religious beliefs of Mesopotamia | Polytheism and Monotheism (Hebrews, Judaism) |
| Religious beliefs of Egypt | Polytheism, Afterlife, and mummification |
| Religious beliefs of India | Polytheism, Hinduism, reincarnation and karma |
| Religious beliefs of China | Veneration of ancestors; worship spirits of ancestors guide people |
| Achievements of Mesopotamia | First style of writing First city builders Religion Government Documents recorded on clay Alphabet Cultural Diffusion |
| Achievements of Egypt | Cranes Medicine Geometry Numbers 3 writing forms Temples Transportation Irrigation |
| Achievements of India | Built levys man made islands grid system irrigation |
| Achievements of China | Great Wall Gun powder Silk Paper |
| Why was the code of Hammurabi a major achievement for early civilizations? | It was the first written law code used in Ancient Babylon based on your social class. It created morals for people and gave them a good understanding of the difference between right and wrong. |
| Explain the Dynastic Cycle in China | It is used to describe the pattern of the rise and fall of the dynasties in China. The Mandate of Heaven is a part of this too, as it lets the gods pick the ruler. |
| Who occupied the top social class in most early civilizations? | Ruler, priest, or the wealthy |
| Who occupied the lowest social class in most early civilizations? | Artisans |
| How did surplus farming lead to job specialization? | It allowed some people to not have to farm, giving them time to think and invent |
| Why were rivers important to early civilizations? | They provided fertile soil, water, and the ability to fish. The fertile soil allowed people to farm and start settling. This also allowed the to feed a lot of people because it created. a surplus of food. |
| Why were trade routes important to ancient civilizations? | Cultural diffusion! New inventions were shared with the world as well as religious beliefs, artistic styles, languages, customs, rules, laws, and helped conduct business. |
| How did life evolve and change for the earliest humans? | People began as nomads, then farming was discovered and the Neolithic Revolution began. Settling created jobs, farming, and gave people additional time to be able to invent; writing, time, geometry, irrigation, transportation, and government. |
| What was the Neolithic Revolution? | The transition from nomadic bands of hunter-gatherers to early civilization. |
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