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Enlightenment

Global Studies Lake/Berkowitz/Diaz

TermDefinition
absolute monarchy absolute monarchies system of government where one person has absolute control
constitution the set of basic laws and principles by which a nation, state, or other organization is governed
divine right is the belief that an absolute monarch's authority to rule came directly from God
enlightened Influenced by the writings of the Enlightenment philosophers who supported natural rights, the separation of power in a government, the consent of the governed, social contract, and the freedom of expression.
The Enlightenment (mid-1600s to the late 1700s) a period of time in Western Europe when philosophers and writers applied the scientific idea of reason to answer political questions; The Enlightenment is sometimes known as the Age of Reason
institution an organization founded for a religious, educational, social, or similar purpose like a government
judiciary the part of a government that interprets laws- courts, judges
legislature the part of a government that makes laws- parliament or congress
natural right natural rights right that all people are born with and that John Locke believed the government should protect including the rights to life, liberty, and property; sometimes called "natural laws"
separation of powers an agreement, the social contract, in which we promise to follow the "general will" of the members of the society as expressed by the laws made by the government. In exchange, we receive the liberty to do what we want as long as we do not break those laws
tyranny a government in which a single person rules absolutely in a cruel way
social contract an agreement, the social contract, in which we promise to follow the "general will" of the members of the society as expressed by the laws made by the government. In exchange, we receive the liberty to do what we want as long as we do not break those laws
Baron de Montesquieu (1689-1755) French Enlightenment thinker who wrote The Spirit of Laws and believed that to keep one person or group from gaining too much power a government should be separated into three branches: judicial, legislative, and executive.
Catherine the Great (1729-1796) an enlightened despot who ruled Russia from 1762 to 1796
Jean Jacques Rousseau (1712-1778) French Enlightenment thinker who wrote about the social contract
John Locke (1632-1704) an English Enlightenment thinker who wrote Two Treatises of Government and believed that the role of government is to protect people's
Mary Wollstonecraft (1759-1797) English writer and philosopher who was an advocate for women’s rights and wrote A Vindication of the Rights of Woman
French Revolution civil war within France from 1789-1799, ended the absolute monarchy and the "Old Regime" in France, revolution ended when Napoleon took power, eventially naming himself emperor
Old Regime social structure of pre-revolutionary France in which the nobility had all of the power and the peasants did all of the work
Louis XVI last absolute king of France, beheaded during the revolution
Marie Antionette Austrian princess married to Louis XVI, hated by the French people, beheaded during the Reign of Terror
Estates General assembly of representatives from all three states- to approve this new tax. The meeting, the first in 175 years, was held on May 5th 1789, at Versailles
debt typically money, that is owed or due.
extravagant exceeding what is reasonable or appropriate, around money
nobility the group of people belonging to the noble class in a country, high class
censorship the suppression or not allowing of any parts of books, films, news, etc. that are considered politically unacceptable, or a threat to security.
levy impose a tax or fine
Created by: Mr,Berkowitz
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