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Chapter 4
Musculoskeletal System
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| ( Suffix )-physis | Growth ( epiphysis, diaphysis, metaphysics ) ( Physis is the study of matter, energy, and motion.) |
| ( Root ) oste/o | Bone ( osteopathy, periosteum ) At birth you had over 300 bones, but no kneecaps. |
| ( Root ) cran/o | Head, skull ( craniometer, craniomalacia ) The term migraine comes from the word hemicrania, meaning “ half the head. “ |
| ( Root ) brach/o | Arm ( brachiocephalic, brachialgia ) This root can also be seen in the word embrace, which literally means “ to put someone in your arms. “ |
| ( Root ) dacty/o | Finger ( adactyly, dactylalgia ) The flying dinosaur called the pterodactyl gets its name from ptero ( winged ) + dactly ( fingers ) . |
| ( Root ) crevice/o | Neck ( cervical spine, cervicitis ) Remember: when a C is follow by a, o, or u, it is pronounced hard like a K. When followed by e, or I, it is pronounced soft like an s. |
| ( Root ) carp/o | Wrist ( carpectomy, metacarpal ) The carpal tunnel is the area in the wrist where the nerves enter the hand. |
| ( Root ) spondylitis/o | Vertebra ( invertebrate, spondylitis ) Vertebra comes from the Latin, for to “ turn. “ |
| ( Root ) cost/o | Rib ( costectomy, intercostal ) The English word coast comes from this word. Think of a country’s coasts as its ribs or sides. The word accost, which means “ to come alongside someone. “ |
| ( Root ) lumb/o | Loin, lower back ( lumbar, lumbodynia ) The root lumbo comes from the Latin for “ loin. “ |
| ( Root ) femor/o | Femur ( thighbone ) ( femoral artery ) The femur is the strongest bone in the human body. |
| (Root ) till/o | Tibia ( shinbone ) ( tiblaglia ) The term tibia originally meant “ pipe “ or “ flute. “ |
| ( Root ) tars/o | Ankle ( tarsitis, tarsalgia ) The root tarso comes from the Latin word tarsus, which can refer to the ankle or in general to the entire foot. |
| ( Root ) chondr/o | Cartilage ( chondrites, chondrodynia ) People who always think they are sick are called hypochondriacs. This term comes from hypo ( beneath ) + chondro ( cartilage - here specifically referring to the ribs) |
| ( Root ) arthr/o | Joint ( arthritis, arthroscopic surgery ) Insects, spiders, scorpions, and shellfish belong to animal family known as arthro- pods. The term comes from arthro ( joint ) + pod ( feet ) and refers to their segmented limbs. |
| ( Root ) burs/o | Bursa ( bursitis, bursectomy ) A bursa is a small fluid-filled sac found near the body’s joints. |
| ( Roots ) ten/o, tend/o, tendin/o | Tendon ( connective tissue connecting muscle to bone ) ( tenodynia, tendolysis, tendinitis ) From Latin, for “ to stretch. “ From English word attend, which means “ to stretch toward. “ |
| ( Roots ) muscul/o, my/o, myos/o | Muscle ( musculoskeletal, myopathy, myositis ) The term muscle comes from Latin, for “ little mouse. “ |
| ( Root ) fasci/o | Fascia ( fibrous connective tissue binding muscles together ) ( fasciotomy, fasclitis ) Fasclae are fibrous connective tissues that bind muscles together. |
| ( Root ) ton/o | Tone, tension ( dystonia, tonograph ) Tonic is a word for a medicinal drink. |
| ( Root ) kinesi/o ( also sometimes kinet/o ) | Movement, motion ( kinesiology, hyperkinesia, kinetic energy ) Akinetopsia ( pronounce ah- KEE- no-TOP-see-ah ) comes from the roots a (no) + kinet ( movement ) + Ossian ( vision ) a condition where you can see stuff still but not moving. |
| ( Root ) tax/o | Arrangement, order, coordination ( ataxia, hypotaxia ) Syntax is the English grammar term made up of roots syn ( together ) + tax ( arrangement). Taxidermy, which comes from taxo (arrange) + derby (skin). |
| ( Root ) ankyl/o | Stiff, bent ( ankylosis, ankylodactyly ) This root comes from a Greek word meaning “ hooked “ or “ bent. |
| ( ) kaws-TAL-jee-ah | Bones Costalgia Cost (rib ) / algia ( pain ) Rib pain |
| () MET-ah-tar-SAL-jee-ah | Bones Metatarsalgia Meta ( after )/ tars ( ankle ) / algia ( pain ) Pain in the bones of the foot. |
| () was-TAL-jee-ah | Bones Ostalgia Ost ( bone ) / algia (pain ) Also alternate spelling ostealgia. Bone pain. |
| () AWS-tee-oh-DIN-eye-ah | Bones Osteodynia Osteo ( bone) / dynia ( pain ) Bone pain. |
| () SPAWN-dig-log-DIN-we-ah | Bones Spondylodynia Spondylitis ( vertebra ) /dynia ( pain ) Vertebra pain. |
| () TIB-we-AL-Jew-ah | Bones Tibialgia Tibi ( tibia ) / algia ( pain ) Tibia ( shin) pain. |
| () SIR-vih-koh-DIN-ee-ah | Joints Cervicodynia cervico (neck) / dynia (pain) neck pain |
| () krep-ih-TAY-shun | Joints Crepitation from Latin, for "rattle" or " creaking " A cracking sound heard in joints |
| () JEH-nyoo VAL-gum | Joints Genu valgum knee pointed in Knock-kneed |
| () JEH-nyooVAH-rum | Joint Bowlegged genu valgum knee bowed out |
| () BRAD-ee-kih-NEE-see-ah | Muscles bradykinesia brady (slow) / kinesia ( kinesia ) Slow movement |
| () DIS-kih-nee-zhee-ah | Muscles dyskinesia dys (bad) / kinesia (movement Inabillity to control movement |
| () dis-TOH-see-ah | Muscles Dystaxia dys (bad) / taxia (coordination ) poor coordination |
| ()dis-TOH-nee-ah | Muscles Dystonia dys (bad ) / tonia ( muscle tone ) poor muscle tone |
| () GRAF-oh-spazm | Muscles graphospasm grapho (write ) / spasm ( involuntary contraction ) writer's cramp |
| () HAI-per-kih-NEE-zhee-ah | Muscles hyperkinesia hyper (over ) / kinesia ( movement ) Increase in muscle or activity |
| HAI-per-TOH-nee-ah | Muscles hypertonia hyper (over) / tonia (muscle tone ) increased muscle tone or tightness |
| () HAI-poh-kih-NEE-zhee-ah i | Muscles hypokinesia hypo (under) /kinesia (movement ) decrease in muscle movement or activity |
| () HAI-poh-TOH-nee-ah | Muscles hypotonia hypo (under) / tonia (muscle tone ) decrease in muscle tone or tightness |
| () mai-AL-jee-ah | Muscles myalgia my ( muscle) / algia ( pain) muscle pain |
| () MAI-as-THEE-nee-ah | Muscles myasthenia my (muscle) /asthenia ( weakness ) muscle weakness |
| () MAI-oh-DIN-we-ah | Muscles Myodynia Myo (muscles) / denial (pain) Muscle pain |
| () MAI-oh-spazm | Muscles Myospasm Myo (muscle) / spasm (involuntary contraction) Muscle spasm |
| () te-NAL- jee-ah | Muscle Tenalgia Ten (tendon) / algia (pain) Tendon pain |
| AR-throh-sen-TEE-sis | diagnostic procedures arthrocentesis arthro / centesis joint / puncture puncture of a joint |
| AR-throh-SKOHP | diagnostic procedures arthroscope arthro / scope joint / instrument to look instrument for looking into a joint |
| ar-THRAWS-koh-pee | diagnostic procedures arthroscopy arthro / scopy joint / procedure to look procedure of looking into a joint |
| eh-LEK-troh-MAl-oh-gram | diagnostic procedures electromyogram electro / myo / gram electricity / muscle / record a record of the electrical activity of a muscle |
| eh-LEK-troh-mal-AWG-rah-fee | diagnostic procedures electromyography electro / myo graphy electricity / muscle / writing procedure procedure for measuring the electrical activity of a muscle |
| mal-AWG-rah-fee | diagnostic procedures myography myo / graphy muscle / writing procedure |
| AR-throh-GRAM | radiology arthro / gram joint / record visual record of a joint |
| ar-THRAWG-ra-fee | radiology arthrography arthro / graphy joint / writing procedure procedure used to examine a joint |
| kom-PYOO-ted AK-see-al toh-MAWG-rah-fee | radiology computed axial tomography (CAT or CT axi / al tomo / graphy axis / pertaining to cut writing procedure imaging procedure using a computer to produce cross sections along an axis |
| kai-FOH-sis | spinal curvatures kyph / osis bent / condition humped back; abnormal forward curvature of the upper spine |
| or-DOH-sis | lordosis lord / osis bent backward / condition sway back; abnormal forward curvature of the lower spine |
| SKOH-lee-OH-sis | scoliosis scoli /osis crooked / condition crooked back; abnormal lateral curvature of the spine |
| FRAK-chur | bones from Latin, for "break" a bone break |
| AWS-tee-oh-DIS-troh-fee | osteodystrophy osteo / dys / trophy bone / bad / nourishment poor bone development |
| AWS-tee-awl-ih-sis | osteolysis osteo / lysis bone / loss bone loss |
| AWS-tee-oh-neh-KROH-sis | osteonecrosis osteo / necr / osis bone / death / condition death of bone |
| AWS-tee-oh-skleh-ROH-sis | osteosclerosis osteo / scler /osis bone / hardening / condition abnormal hardening of bone |
| PAWL-ee-DAK-tih-lee | polydactyly poly / dactyl / y many / finger / condition having more than the normal number of fingers (or toes) |
| spawn-dih-LAIT-is | spondylitis spondyl / itis vertebra / inflammation vertebra inflammation |
| SPAWN-dih-loh-mah-LAY-shee-ah | spondylomalacia spondylo / malacia vertebra /softening softening of the vertebra |
| sin-DAK-tih-lee | syndactyly syn / dactyl/ y together / finger / condition fusion (sometimes called webbing) of fingers (or toes |
| TAR-sawp-TOH-sis | tarsoptosis tarso / ptosis ankle / drooping condition flat feet |
| BIR-soh-lith | bursolith burso / lith bursa / stone a stone in a bursa |
| ee-FYOO-zhun | effusion ef / fusion out / pour fluld bulldup |
| hem-ar-THROH-sis | hemarthrosis hem / arthr / osis blood / joint / condition blood in a joint |
| HAI-drar-THROH-sis | hydrarthrosis hydr / arthr / osis water / joint / condition water (fluid) in a joint |
| PAl-ar-THROH-sis | pyarthrosis py / arthr / osis pus / joint / condition pus in a joint |
| A-troh-fee | atrophy a / trophy no /nourishment underdevelopment, decrease, or loss of muscle tissue |
| hai-PER-troh-fee | hypertrophy hyper / trophy over / nourishment overdevelopment of muscle tissue |
| MAI-oh-seel | myocele myo / cele muscle / hernia hernia of muscle tissue |
| mai-AWL-ih-sis | myolysis myo /lysis muscle / loss loss of muscle tissue |
| MAI-oh-mah-LAY-see-ah | myomalacia myo / malacia muscle / softening softening of a muscle |
| MAl-oh-skler-OH-sis | myosclerosis myo / scler / osis muscle / hardening / condition hardening of a muscle |
| mal-AWT-ah-sis | myotasis myo /tasis muscle / expansion stretching of a muscle |
| MAI-oh-TOH-nee-ah | myotonia myo / tonia muscle / tone muscle tone |
| ANG-kih-LOH-sing spawn-dih-LAl-tis | ankylosing spondylitis ankylos / ing spondyl / itis stiffen /causing vertebra / inflammation a stiffening inflammation of the vertebrae |
| KAWN-droh-AWS-tee-oh-DIS-troh-fee | chondro-osteodystrophy chondro / osteo / dys / trophy cartilage / bone / bad / nourishment poor development of bones and cartilage |
| KRAY-nee-oh-SIN-AWS-toh-sis | craniosynostosis cranio / syn / ost / osis skull / together / bone / condition the premature fusing of the skull bones |
| DAK-tih-LAI-tis | dactylitis dactyl / itis finger / inflammation finger inflammation |
| HAl-per-TROH-fik spawn-dih-LAl-tis | hypertrophic spondylitis hyper / trophic spondyl / itis over / nourishment vertebra / inflammation overdevelopment of the vertebrae causing inflammation |
| AWS-tee-AIT-is | osteltis oste / itis bone / inflammation bone inflammation |
| AWS-tee-oh-KON-DRAIT-is | osteochondritis osteo / chondr / itis bone / cartilage / inflammation inflammation of bone and cartilage |
| AWS-tee-oh-JIN-eh-sis IM-per-FEK-tah | osteogenesis imperfecta osteo / genesis im / perfecta bone / creation not / complete a disease in which the bones do not develop correctly, also known as brittle bone disease |
| AWS-tee-oh-mah-LAY-shee-ah | osteomalacia osteo / malacia bone / softening softening of the bone |
| AWS-tee-oh-MAl-eh-LAIT-is | osteomyelitis osteo / myel / itis bone / marrow / inflammation inflammation of the bone and bone marrow |
| AWS-tee-AWP-ah-thee | osteopathy osteo / pathy bone / disease bone disease |
| AWS-tee-oh-PEE-nee-ah | osteopenia osteo / penia bone / deficiency reduction in bone volume |
| AWS-tee-oh-poh-ROH-sis | osteoporosis osteo / por / osis bone / pore / condition loss of bone density |
| SPAI-nal stih-NOH-sis | spinal stenosis spinal sten / osis spine narrow / condition abnormal narrowing of the spine |
| SPAWN-dih-loh-ar-THRAWP-ah-thee | spondyloarthropathy spondylo / arthro / pathy vertebra /joint / disease joint disease of the vertebrae |
| SPAWN-dih-loh-lis-THEE-sis | spondylolisthesis spondylo / listhesis vertebra /slipping the slipping or dislocation of a vertebra |
| SPAWN-dih-LOl-ih-sis | spondylolysis spondylo / lysis vertebra / loss loss of vertebra structure |
| SPAWN-dih-LOH-sis | spondylosis spondyl / osis vertebra / condition vertebra condition |
| ar-THRAI-tis | arthritis arthr / itis joint / inflammation joint inflammation |
| ROO-mah-TOYD ar-THRAI-tis | rheumatoid arthritis rheumat /oid arthr / itis rheumatic fever / resembling joint / inflammation inflammation of the joints; it is called rheumatold because its symptoms resemble those of rheumatic fever |
| SEP-tikar-THRAI-tis | septic arthritis septic arthr / itis rotting joint / inflammation inflammation of the joint caused by infection |
| AWS-tee-oh-ar-THRAI-tis | osteoarthritis osteo / arthr / itis bone /joint / inflammation inflammation of the joints, specifically those that bear weight |
| AR-throh-SEEL | arthrocele arthro / cele joint / hernia hernia of a joint |
| AR-throh-dis-PLAY-zhee-ah | arthrodysplasia arthro / dys / plasia joint / bad / formation abnormal joint development |
| ar-THRAWP-ah-thee | arthropathy arthro / pathy joint / disease joint disease |
| AR-throh-skleh-ROH-sis | arthrosclerosis arthro / scler /osis joint / hardening / condition hardening of the joints |
| bur-SAIT-is | bursitis burs / itis bursa / inflammation inflammation of the bursa |
| bur-SAWP-ah-thee | bursopathy burso / pathy bursa / disease disease of the bursa |
| SUB-luk-SAY-shun | subluxation sub / luxation beneath / dislocation partial dislocation of a joint |
| AY-KAWN-droh-PLAY-zhee-ah | achondroplasia a / chondro / plasia no / cartilage formation a defect in the formation of cartilage |
| KAWN-droh-mah-LAY-shee-ah | chondromalacia chondro / malacia cartilage / softening abnormal softening of the cartilage |
| KAWS-toh-kawn-DRAIT-is | costochondritis costo / chondr / itis rib / cartilage / inflammation inflammation of the cartilage of the rib |
| FASH-ee-AIT-is | fasciitis fasci / itis fascia / inflammation inflammation of the fascia |
| MUS-kyoo-lar DIS-troh-fee | muscular dystrophy muscul / ar dys/ trophy muscle / pertaining to bad / nourishment disorder characterized by poor muscle development |
| MAI-AWK-loh-nus | myoclonus myo / clonus muscle / turmoil violent muscle contraction |
| mal-AWP-ah-thee | myopathy myo / pathy muscle / disease muscle disease |
| MAl-as-THEE-nee-ah | myasthenia my / asthenia muscle / weakness muscle weakness |
| MAl-oh-FASH-ee-Al-tis | myofasclitis my / fasci / itis muscle / fascia / inflammation Inflammation of muscle and fascia |
| mal-oh-SAl-tis | myositis myos /itis muscle / inflammation muscle inflammation |
| NEK-roh-TAI-zing FASH-ee-AIT-is | necrotizing fasciitis necrot / izing fasci /itis death / causing fascia / inflammation inflammation of the fascia, causing the death of tissue |
| PAWL-ee-MAI-oh-SAI-tis | polymyositis poly / myos / itis many / muscle / inflammation inflammation of multiple muscles |
| TAR-div DIS-kih-NEE-zhee-ah | tardive dyskinesia tardive dys / kinesia slow bad movement condition characterized by the loss of muscle control |
| TEN-dih-NAI-tis | tendinitis tendin / itis tendon / inflammation tendon inflammation |
| TEN-dah-NAI-tis | tendonitis tendon / itis tendon / inflammation tendon inflammation |
| kawn-DROH-mah | chondroma chondr / oma cartilage / tumor a tumorlike growth of cartilage tissue |
| mai-OF-mah | myoma my /oma muscle / tumor a muscle tumor |
| MAl-oh-sar-KOH-mah | myosarcoma myo / sarc / oma muscle / flesh / tumor a cancerous muscle tumor |
| AWS-tee-oh-kar-sin-OH-mah | osteocarcinoma osteo / carcin / oma bone / cancer / tumor bone cancer tumor |
| AWS-tee-oh-KON-DROH-mah | osteochondroma osteo / chondr / oma bone / cartilage / tumor a tumor made up of bone and cartilage, also known as an exostosis made up of cartilage |
| AWS-tee-oh-sar-KOH-mah | osteosarcoma osteo / sarc / oma bone / flesh / tumor cancerous tumor arising out of bone cells |
| AN-al-JEE-zik | analgesic an / alge / sic no / pain / agent a drug that relieves pain |
| ANT-ee-ar-THRIT-ik | antlarthritic anti / arthri / tic against / joint (pain) / agent a drug that opposes joint inflammation |
| ANT-ee-in-FLAM-ah-tor-ee | anti-Inflammatory anti / inflammatory against / inflammation a drug that opposes infiammation |
| ANT-ai-pai-RET-ik | antipyretic anti / pyre / tic against / fever / agent a drug that opposes fever |
| OR-THAWT-iks | orthotics ortho / tics straight / agent a device that aids in the straightening or stabilizing of a part of the body |
| praws-THEE-sis | prosthesis pros / thesis toward / place a device that is added to a body to replace a missing part or lost function |
| kar-PEK-toh-mee | carpectomy carp / ectomy wrist / removal removal of all or part of the wrist |
| kaws-TEK-toh-mee | costectomy cost / ectomy rib removal removal of a rib |
| kray-nee-EK-toh-mee | cranlectomy crani / ectomy skull / removal removal of a portion of the skull |
| kray-nee-AWI-oh-mee | cranlotomy cranio / tomy skull / incision removal of a portion of the skull |
| EK-stirn-al fik-SAY-shun | external fixation external fix / ation outside fix / procedure the fixation of a fractured bone from the outside (I.e., using casts, splints, stabilizers) |
| IN-tir-nal fik-SAY-shun | Internal fixation internal fix / ation inside fix / procedure the fixation of a fractured bone from the inside (i.e., using screws, pins, plates) |
| klohzd rih-DUK-shun | closed reduction closed re / duc / tion closed back / lead / procedure returning bones to their proper position without the use of surgery |
| OH-pen rih-DUK-shun | open reduction open re / duc / tion open back / lead / procedure returning bones to their proper position through the use of surgery |
| MET-ah-kar-PEK-toh-mee | metacarpectomy meta / carp / ectomy after / wrist / removal removal of a bone in the hand |
| aws-TEK-toh-mee | ostectomy ost / ectomy bone / removal removal of a bone |
| aws-tee-EK-toh-mee | osteectomy oste / ectomy bone / removal removal of a bone |
| AWS-tee-oh-KLAY-zhee-ah | osteoclasia osteo / clasia bone / breaking the surgical breaking of a bone (often done to remedy a deformity) |
| AWS-tee-oh-PLAS-tee | osteoplasty osteo / plasty bone / reconstruction reconstruction of a bone |
| AWS-tee-AWT-oh-mee | osteotomy osteo / tomy bone /incision incision into a bone |
| SPAWN-dih-loh-SIN-deh-sis | spondylosyndesis spondylo / syn / desis vertebra / together / binding fusing together of multiple vertebrae |
| ster-NAWT-oh-mee | sternotomy sterno / tomy sternum / incision incision into the sternum |
| tar-SEK-toh-mee | tarsectomy tars / ectomy ankle / removal removal of all or a portion of the ankle |
| TAR-soh-KLAY-zhee-ah | tarsoclasia tarso / clasia ankle / breaking surgical fracture of the ankle (i.e., to treat clubfoot) |
| ar-THREK-toh-mee | arthrectomy arthr / ectomy joint / removal removal of a loint |
| AR-throh-KLAY-zhee-ah | arthroclasla arthro / clasia joint / breaking the therapeutic breaking of a joint to allow for increased mobility |
| AR-throh-DEE-sis | arthrodesis arthro / desis joining / binding surgical fixation of a joint |
| ar-THRAWL-ih-sis | arthrolysis arthro / lysis joint /loose loosening a stiff joint |
| AR-throh-PLAS-tee | arthroplasty arthro / plasty joint / reconstruction reconstruction of a joint |
| ar-THRAWT-oh-mee | arthrotomy arthro / tomy joint /incision incision into a joint |
| bur-SEK-toh-mee | bursectomy burs / ectomy bursa / removal removal of a bursa |
| bur-SAWT-oh-mee | bursotomy burso / tomy bursa / incision incision into a bursa |
| kawn-DREK-toh-mee | chondrectomy chondr / ectomy cartilage / removal removal of cartilage |
| KAWN-droh-PLAS-tee | chondroplasty chondro / plasty cartilage / reconstruction reconstruction of cartilage |
| FASH-ee-EK-toh-mee | fasciectomy fasci / ectomy fascia / removal removal of fascia |
| FASH-ee-AWD-eh-sis | fasciodesis fascio / desis fascia / binding binding of fascia |
| FASH-ee-oh-PLAS-tee | fascioplasty fascio / plasty fascia / reconstruction reconstruction of fascia |
| fash-ee-OR-ah-fee | fasciorrhaphy fascio / rrhaphy fascia / suture suturing of fascia |
| fash-ee-AWT-oh-mee | fasciotomy fascio / tomy fascia / incision incision into fascia |
| mai EK-toh-mee | myectomy my / ectomy muscle / removal removal of muscle |
| mal-AWD-eh-sis | myodesis myo / desis muscle / binding binding of a muscle |
| MAl-oh-MEK-toh-mee | myomectomy my /om / ectomy muscle / tumor / removal removal of a muscle tumor |
| mai-oh-PLAS-tee | myoplasty myo / plasty muscle / reconstruction muscle reconstruction |
| mal-OR-ah-fee | myorrhaphy myo / rrhaphy muscle / suture muscle suture |
| mal-AWT-oh-mee | myotomy myo / tomy muscle / incision incision into muscle |
| ten-DEK-toh-mee | tendectomy tend / ectomy tendon / removal removal of a tendon |
| TEN-doh-PLAS-tee | tendoplasty tendo / plasty tendon / reconstruction reconstruction of a tendon |
| ten-AWD-eh-sis | tenodesis teno / desis tendon / binding binding of a tendon |
| ten-AWL-ih-sis | tenolysis teno /lysis tendon / loosen freeing/loosening a tendon |
| TEN-oh-NEK-toh-mee | tenonectomy tenon / ectomy tendon / removal removal of a tendon |
| TEN-oh-PLAS-tee | tenoplasty teno / plasty tendon / reconstruction reconstruction of a tendon |
| ten-OR-ah-fee | tenorrhaphy teno / rrhaphy tendon / suture suture of a tendon |
| teh-NAWI-oh-mee | tenotomy teno / tomy tendon / incision incision into a tendon |
| Hx | history |
| Fx | fracture |
| TX | traction or treatment |
| ACL | anterior cruciate ligament |
| MCL | medial collateral ligament |
| LCL | lateral collateral ligament |
| PCL | posterior cruciate ligament |
| C1_C7 | cervical (of the neck) vertebrae |
| T1-T12 | thoracic (of the chest) vertebrae |
| L1_L5 | lumbar (of the loin) vertebrae |
| S1-S5 | sacral vertebrae |
| DTR | deep tendon reflex (this is what doctors are testing when they tap the knee with a reflex hammer |
| EMG | electromyogram |
| FROM | full range of motion |
| NSAID | nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory |
| OA | osteoarthritis |
| ORIF | open reduction internal fixation |
| PT | physical therapy |
| RA | rheumatoid arthritis |
| RICE | rest, Ice, compression, elevation |
| ROM | range of motion |
| WB | weight bearing |
| WBAT | welght bearing as tolerated |
| ankyl/o | stiff, bent |
| kinesi/o | movement, motion |
| arthr/o | joint |
| brachi/o | arm |
| burs/o | bursa (a small fluid-filled sac found near the body's joint) |
| carp/o | wrist |
| cervic/o | neck |
| chondr/o | cartilage |
| cost/o | rib |
| crani/o | head, skull |
| dactyl/o | finger |
| fasci/o | fascia (fibrous connective tissue binding muscles together) |
| femor/o | femur (thighbone) |
| lumb/o | loin, lower back |
| muscul/o | muscle |
| my/o, myos/o | muscle |
| oste/o | bone |
| -physis | growth |
| spondyl/o | vertebra |
| tars/o | ankle |
| tax/o | arrangement, order, coordination |
| ten/o, tend/o, tendin/o | tendon |
| tibi/o | tibla (shinbone) |
| ton/o | tone, tension |
| achondroplasia | a defect in the formation of cartilage |
| analgesic | a drug that relieves pain |
| ankylosing spondylitis | a stiffening inflammation of the vertebrae |
| ankylosis | joint stiffness |
| antiarthritic | a drug that opposes joint inflammation |
| anti-Inflammatory | a drug that opposes inflammation |
| antipyretic | a drug that opposes fever |
| arthrodysplasia | abnormal joint development |
| arthralgia | joint pain |
| arthritis | joint inflammation |
| arthrocele | hernia of a joint |
| arthrocentesis | puncture of a joint |
| arthroclasia | the therapeutic breaking of a joint to allow for increased mobility |
| arthrodesis | the surgical fixation of a joint |
| arthrodynia | joint pain |
| arthrectomy | removal of a joint |
| arthrogram | visual record of a joint |
| arthrography | procedure used to examine a joint |
| arthrolysis | loosening a stiff joint |
| arthropathy | joint disease |
| arthroplasty | reconstruction of a joint |
| arthrosclerosis | hardening of the joints |
| arthroscope | instrument for looking into a joint |
| arthroscopy | procedure of looking into a joint |
| arthrotomy | incision into a joint |
| atrophy | underdevelopment, decrease, or loss of muscle tissue |
| bradykinesia | slow movement |
| bursectomy | removal of a bursa |
| bursitis | inflammation of the bursa |
| bursolith | a stone in a bursa |
| bursopathy | disease of the bursa |
| bursotomy | incision into a bursa |
| carpectomy | removal of all or part of the wrist |
| carpitis | wrist inflammation |
| cervicodynia | neck pain |
| chondrectomy | removal of cartilage |
| chondroma | a tumorlike growth of cartilage tissue |
| chondromalacia | abnormal softening of the cartilage |
| chrondro-osteodystrophy | poor development of bones and cartilage |
| chondroplasty | reconstruction of cartilage |
| closed reduction | returning bones to their proper position without the use of surgery |
| computed axial tomography (CAT or CT) | imaging procedure using a computer to produce cross sections along an axis |
| costalgla | rib pain |
| costectomy | removal of a rib |
| costochondritis | Inflammation of the cartilage of the rib |
| cranlectomy | removal of a portion of the skull (bone is not replaced |
| craniomalacia | softening of the skull |
| cranlosynostosis | the premature fusing of the skull bones |
| cranlotomy | removal of a portion of the skull (bone is later replaced |
| crepitation | from Latin, for "rattle" or "creaking"; a crackling sound heard in joints |
| dactylitis | finger inflammation |
| dyskinesia | inability to control movement |
| dystaxia | poor coordination |
| dystonia | poor muscle tone |
| effusion | fluid buildup |
| electromyogram | record of the electrical activity of a muscle |
| electromyography | procedure for measuring the electrical activity of a muscle |
| exostosis | an abnormal growth of bone out of another bone |
| external fixation | a fixation of a fractured bone from the outside (i.e., using a cast or splint |
| fasciectomy | removal of fascia |
| fasciitis | inflammation of the fascia |
| fasciodesis | binding of fascia |
| fascioplasty | reconstruction of fascia |
| fasciorrhaphy | suturing of fascia |
| fasciotomy | incision into fascia |
| fracture | from Latin, for "break": a bone break |
| genu valgum | knock-kneed |
| genu varum | bowlegged |
| graphospasm | writer's cramp |
| hemarthrosis | blood in a joint |
| hydrarthrosis | water (fluid) in a joint |
| hyperkinesia | increase in muscle movement or activity |
| hypertonia | Increased muscle tone or tightness |
| hypertrophic spondylitis | overdevelopment of the vertebrae, causing inflammation |
| hypertrophy | overdevelopment of muscle tissue |
| hypokinesia | decrease in muscle movement or activity |
| hypotonia | decrease in muscle tone or tightness |
| Internal fixation | the fixation of a fractured bone from the inside (le., using screws, pins, plates |
| kyphosis | humped back-abnormal forward curvature of the upper spine |
| lordosis | sway back--abnormal forward curvature of the lower spine |
| metacarpectomy | removal of a bone of the hand |
| metatarsalglia | pain in the bones of the foot |
| muscular dystrophy | disorder characterized by poor muscle development |
| myalgia | muscle pain |
| myasthenia | muscle weakness |
| myectomy | removal of muscle |
| myocele | hernia of muscle tissue |
| myoclonus | violent muscle contraction |
| myodesis | binding of muscle |
| myodynia | muscle pain |
| myofasciltis | inflammation of the muscle and fascia |
| myography | procedure for studying muscles |
| myolysis | loss of muscle tissue |
| myoma | a muscle tumor |
| myomalacia | softening of a muscle |
| myomectomy | removal of a muscle tumor |
| myopathy | muscle disease |
| myoplasty | muscle reconstruction |
| myorrhaphy | muscle suture |
| myosarcoma | a cancerous muscle tumor |
| myosclerosis | hardening of a muscle |
| myositis | muscle inflammation |
| myospasm | muscle spasm |
| myotasis | stretching of a muscle |
| myotomy | Incision into muscle |
| myotonla | muscle tone |
| necrotizing fasciitis | Inflammation of the fascla, causing the death of tissue |
| open reduction | returning bones to their proper position through the use of surgery |
| orthotics | a device that alds in the straightening or stabilizing of a part of the body |
| ostalgia ostealgia (alt) | bone pain |
| ostectomy | removal of a bone |
| osteectomy | removal of a bone |
| osteitis | bone inflammation |
| osteoarthritis | inflammation of the joints, specifically those that bear weight |
| osteocarcinoma | bone cancer tumor |
| osteochondritis | Inflammation of bone and cartilage |
| osteochondroma | a tumor made up of bone and cartilage |
| osteodynia | bone pain |
| osteodystrophy | poor bone development |
| osteogenesis imperfecta | a disease in which the bones do not develop correctly; also known as brittle bone disease |
| osteolysis | bone loss |
| osteomalacia | softening of the bone |
| osteomyelitis | inflammation of the bone and bone marrow |
| osteonecrosis | death of bone |
| osteopathy | bone disease |
| osteopenia | reduction in bone volume |
| osteoplasty | reconstruction of a bone |
| osteoporosis | loss of bone density |
| osteosarcoma | cancerous tumor arising out of bone cells |
| osteosclerosis | abnormal hardening of bone |
| osteotomy | incision into a bone |
| polydactyly | having more than the normal number of fingers (or toes |
| polymyositis | Inflammation of multiple muscles |
| prosthesis | a device that is added to a body to replace a missing part or lost function |
| pyarthrosis | pus in a joint |
| rheumatold arthritis | Inflammation of the joint is called rheumatoid because its symptoms resemble those of rheumatic fever |
| scoliosis | crooked back, or abnormal lateral curvature of the spine |
| septic arthritis | inflammation of the joint caused by infection |
| spinal stenosis | abnormal narrowing of the spine |
| spondylitis | inflammation of the vertebra |
| spondyloarthropathy | joint disease of the vertebrae |
| spondylolisthesis | the slipping or dislocation of a vertebra |
| spondylolysis | loss of vertebra structure |
| spondylomalacia | softening of the vertebra |
| spondylonia | vertebra pain |
| spondylosis | vertebra condition |
| spondylosyndesis | fusing together of multiple vertebrae |
| sternotomy | incision into the sternum |
| subluxation | partial dislocation of a joint |
| syndactyly | fusion (sometimes called webbing) of fingers or toes |
| tardive dyskinesia | condition characterized by the loss of muscle control |
| tarsectomy | removal of all or a portion of the ankle |
| tarsoclasia | the surgical fracture of the ankle (i.e., to treat clubfoot |
| tarsoptosis | flat feet |
| tenalgia | tendon pain |
| tendectomy | removal of a tendon |
| tendonitis tendinitis (alt) | tendon inflammation |
| tendoplasty | reconstruction of a tendon |
| tenodesis | binding of a tendon |
| tenolysis | freeing/loosening a tendon |
| tenonectomy | removal of a tendon |
| tenoplasty | reconstruction of a tendon |
| tenorrhaphy | suture of a tendon |
| tenotomy | incision into a tendon |
| tibialgia | tibia (shin) pain |
| ankyl/o | ankylosing spondylitis ankylosis |
| arthr/o | antlarthritic arthrectomy arthralgla arthritis arthrocele arthrocentesis arthroclasla arthrodesis arthrodynia arthrodysplasia arthrogram arthrography arthrolysis |
| arthr/o | arthropathy arthroplasty arthrosclerosis arthroscope arthroscopy arthrotomy hemarthrosis hydrarthrosis osteoarthritis pyarthrosis rheumatold arthritis septic arthritis spondyloarthropathy |
| burs/o | bursectomy bursitis bursolith bursopathy bursotomy |
| carp/o | carpectomy carpitis metacarpectomy |
| cervic/o | cervicodynia |
| chondr/o | achondroplasia costochondritis chondrectomy chondroma chondromalacia chondroosteodystrophy chondroplasty osteochondritis osteochondroma |
| cost/o | costalgia costectomy costochondritis |
| crani/o | craniectomy craniomalacia craniosynostosis craniotomy |
| dactyl/o | dactvlitis polydactyly syndactyly |
| fasci/o | fasciectomy fasclitis fasciodesis fascioplasty fasciorrhaphy fasclotomy myofasciltis necrotizing fasciitis |
| kinesl/o | bradykinesla dyskinesla hyperkineslas hypokinesia tardive dyskinesia |
| muscul/o | muscular dystrophy |
| my/o | electromyogram |
| myos/o | electromyography myalgia myasthenia myectomy myocele myoclonus myodesis myodynia myofasciitis myography myospasm myotasis myotomy myolysis myoma myomalacia myomectomy myopathy myoplasty myorrhaphy myosarcoma myosclerosis myositis myotonia polymyositis |
| oste/o | chondroosteodystrophy craniosynostosis exostosis ostalgia ostealgia ostectomy osteectomy osteitis osteoarthritis osteocarcinoma osteochondritis osteochondroma osteodynia osteodystrophy |
| oste/o | osteogenesis imperfecta osteolysis osteomalacia osteomyelitis osteonecrosis osteopathy osteopenia osteoplasty osteoporosis osteosarcoma osteosclerosis osteotomy |
| spondyl/o | ankylosing spondylitis hypertrophic spondylitis spondylitis spondyloarthropathy spondylodynia spondylolisthesis spondylolysis spondylomalacia spondvlosis spondylosyndesis |
| tars/o | metatarsalgia tarsectomy tarsoclasia tarsoptosis |
| tax/o | dystaxia |
| ten/o tend/o tendin/o | tenalgia tendectomy tendinitis tendonitis tendoplasty tenodesis tenolysis tenonectomy tenoplasty tenorrhaphy tenotomy |
| tibi/o | tibialgia |
| ton/o | dystonia hypertonia hypotonia myotonia |
Created by:
Kimshi
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