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chap 4 key terms
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Micrometer | unit of measure equal to one millionth of a meter |
| resident flora | are found all over the surface of the body, and in the digestive tract from mouth to anus |
| infection | microorganisms can live and multiply on and within the body without causing disease but under some conditions such as a break in the skin these organism can enter the body |
| opportunistic microorganism | an infection is an invasion and growth of a microorganism in the human body that cause a disease |
| pathogens | can be viruses, bacteria, fungi, protist, helminths or prions. some common infection organism from different classes are listed. |
| healthcare-associated infections | Infections contracted by patients during a hospital stay |
| bloodborne pathogens (BBPs) | are infectious agents carried in the blood, certain body fluids and unfixed tissues as defined in the OSHA bloodborne pathogen standard |
| hepatitis B virus (HBV) | bloodborne viruses have been reported to survive outside the body for much longer than was once believed possible. |
| human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) | can survive in dried blood for up to 1 week. As a phlebotomist, you must be even more aware of potential sources |
| chain of infection | requires a continuous link through three primary elements, the reservoir, the mode of transmission and susceptible host |
| reservoir | the source of the infection, can be an infected person, who may be either symptomatic or asymptomatic |
| fomite | the source may also be contaminated with infection objects |
| contact transmission | is the most frequent and important transmission route for HAIs direct contact involves the transfer of microorganism from an infected person |
| droplet transmission | generated from the source by coughing, sneezing or talking |
| airborne transmission | Involves either airborne, sneezing,coughing, by singing or talking |
| droplet nuclei | can be formed by sneezing or coughing or simply by singing or talking. they can be transported long distance by air currents and can cause disease when inhaled |
| high-efficiency particulate air (HEPA) | Special ventilation and air handling equipment designed to prevent airborne transmission |
| common vehicle transmission | involve a common source that causes multiple cases of disease. |
| vectors | some infections agents are carried by agents such as arthropods that are not harmed by their presence |
| exposure control plan | patients at the risk for spreading or contracting infections may be isolated |
| PPE | consists of barriers and respirators used alone or in combination to protect the skin . |
| standard precaution | refers to infection control measures that use barrier protection and work practice controls to prevent contact between the skin or mucous membranes and blood, other body fluids and tissues from all people |
| protective environment | these units are designed to minimize risk of acquiring environmental fungal infections |
| transmission based precautions (TBP) | the tier is targeted at patients known to be suspected of being infected with a highly transmittable pathogens |
| airborne infection isolation precaution | are used for patients known to have or suspected of having a disease transmitted by airborne droplet nuclei |
| droplet precaution | are used for patients known to have or suspected of having a disease transmitted by large infectious droplets |
| contact precaution | are used for patients known to have or suspected of having diseases or conditions transmitted by direct patient contact or by patients environment |
| isolation | means the separation of an infection source from susceptible hosts, thereby breaking the chain of infection |
| nosocomial infection opportunistic | HAI also called nosocomial infection |
| sepsis | bacterial infection |
| standard precautions | refer to infection control measure that use barrier protection and work practice controls to prevent contact between skin or mucous membranes and blood |
Created by:
elena.huffman
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