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Chapter 17 vocab
Hartman’s Nursing Assistant Care: Long-Term Care and Home Care, 4th Edition
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| defecation | the act of passing feces from the large intestine out of the body through the anus. |
| peristalsis | involuntary contractions that move food through the gastrointestinal tract. |
| constipation | the inability to eliminate stool, or the infrequent, difficult, and often painful elimination of a hard, dry stool. |
| enema | a specific amount of water, with or without an additive, that is introduced into the colon to stimulate the elimination of stool. |
| fecal impaction | a hard stool that is stuck in the rectum and cannot be expelled. |
| hemorrhoids | enlarged veins in the rectum or outside the anus that can cause rectal itching, burning, pain, and bleeding. |
| diarrhea | the frequent elimination of liquid or semiliquid feces. |
| fecal incontinence | the inability to control the bowels, leading to an involuntary passage of stool. |
| flatulence | air in the intestine that is passed through the rectum, which can result in cramping or abdominal pain; also called flatus or gas. |
| lactose intolerance | the inability to digest lactose, a type of sugar found in milk and other dairy products. |
| malabsorption | the inability to absorb or digest a particular nutrient properly. |
| gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) | a chronic condition in which the liquid contents of the stomach back up into the esophagus. |
| heartburn | a condition that results from a weakening of the sphincter muscle that joins the esophagus and the stomach and causes a burning sensation in the esophagus. |
| ulceration | the process of eroding away. |
| peptic ulcers | raw sores in the stomach that cause pain, belching, and vomiting. |
| irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) | a condition that causes diarrhea, constipation, or both on a regular basis. |
| inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) | a condition in which the bowel is chronically inflamed. |
| ulcerative colitis | a chronic inflammatory disease of the large intestine that causes cramping, diarrhea, pain, rectal bleeding, loss of appetite, and weight loss. |
| Crohn’s disease | an inflammatory disease that can affect any part of the digestive tract, but most commonly affects the small intestine. |
| stoma | an artificial opening in the body. |
| colorectal cancer | cancer of the gastrointestinal tract; also known as colon cancer. |
| occult | hidden; difficult to see or observe. |
| ostomy | a surgically created opening from an area inside the body to the outside. |
| ureterostomy | a surgically created opening from a ureter to the abdomen for urine to be eliminated. |
| colostomy | surgically created opening through the abdomen into the large intestine to allow stool to be expelled. |
| ileostomy | a surgically created opening into the end of the small intestine to allow stool to be expelled. |
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