the condition in which all of the body’s systems are balanced and are working together to maintain internal stability.

physical and chemical processes by which substances are broken down or transformed into energy or products for use by the body.

structural units in the human body that perform specific functions.

groups of cells that perform similar tasks.

basic structural units of the body that divide, develop, and die, renewing tissues and organs.

rigid connective tissues that make up the skeleton, protect organs, and allow the body to move.

the place at which two bones meet.

groups of tissues that provide movement of body parts, protection of organs, and creation of body heat.

the wasting away, decreasing in size, and weakening of muscles from lack of use.

the permanent and often painful shortening of a muscle or tendon, usually due to a lack of activity.

central nervous system (CNS)

the part of the nervous system that is composed of the brain and spinal cord.

peripheral nervous system (PNS)

part of the nervous system made up of the nerves that extend throughout the body.

the phase where the heart is at work, contracting and pushing blood out of the left ventricle.

phase when the heart relaxes or rests.

the process of inhaling air into the lungs and exhaling air out of the lungs.

the process of inhaling air into the lungs.

the process of exhaling air out of the lungs.

thick mucus coughed up from the lungs.

the inability to control the bladder, which leads to an involuntary loss of urine.

involuntary contractions that move food through the gastrointestinal tract.

the process of preparing food physically and chemically so that it can be absorbed into the cells.

the transfer of nutrients from the intestines to the cells.

the process of expelling wastes (made up of the waste products of food and fluids) that are not absorbed into the cells.

the inability to control the bowels, leading to an involuntary passage of stool.

organs that produce and secrete chemicals called hormones.

chemical substances created by the body that control numerous body functions.

a type of immunity that protects the body from disease in general.

a type of immunity that protects the body against a particular disease that is invading the body at a given time.

a clear yellowish fluid that carries dis- ease-fighting cells called lymphocytes.

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Chapter 9 vocabulary

Hartman’s Nursing Assistant Care: Long-Term Care and Home Care, 4th Edition

Term	Definition
homeostasis	the condition in which all of the body’s systems are balanced and are working together to maintain internal stability.
metabolism	physical and chemical processes by which substances are broken down or transformed into energy or products for use by the body.
organs	structural units in the human body that perform specific functions.
tissues	groups of cells that perform similar tasks.
cells	basic structural units of the body that divide, develop, and die, renewing tissues and organs.
integument	a natural protective covering.
dilate	to widen.
constrict	to narrow.
bones	rigid connective tissues that make up the skeleton, protect organs, and allow the body to move.
joint	the place at which two bones meet.
muscles	groups of tissues that provide movement of body parts, protection of organs, and creation of body heat.
atrophy	the wasting away, decreasing in size, and weakening of muscles from lack of use.
contracture	the permanent and often painful shortening of a muscle or tendon, usually due to a lack of activity.
central nervous system (CNS)	the part of the nervous system that is composed of the brain and spinal cord.
peripheral nervous system (PNS)	part of the nervous system made up of the nerves that extend throughout the body.
systole	the phase where the heart is at work, contracting and pushing blood out of the left ventricle.
diastole	phase when the heart relaxes or rests.
respiration	the process of inhaling air into the lungs and exhaling air out of the lungs.
inspiration	the process of inhaling air into the lungs.
expiration	the process of exhaling air out of the lungs.
sputum	thick mucus coughed up from the lungs.
urinary incontinence	the inability to control the bladder, which leads to an involuntary loss of urine.
peristalsis	involuntary contractions that move food through the gastrointestinal tract.
glucose	natural sugar.
digestion	the process of preparing food physically and chemically so that it can be absorbed into the cells.
absorption	the transfer of nutrients from the intestines to the cells.
elimination	the process of expelling wastes (made up of the waste products of food and fluids) that are not absorbed into the cells.
fecal incontinence	the inability to control the bowels, leading to an involuntary passage of stool.
glands	organs that produce and secrete chemicals called hormones.
hormones	chemical substances created by the body that control numerous body functions.
gonads	sex glands.
reproduce	to create new human life.
nonspecific immunity	a type of immunity that protects the body from disease in general.
specific immunity	a type of immunity that protects the body against a particular disease that is invading the body at a given time.
lymph	a clear yellowish fluid that carries dis- ease-fighting cells called lymphocytes.

Created by: nunya.bidnez

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