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Chapter 3 vocabulary
Hartman’s Nursing Assistant Care: Long-Term Care and Home Care, 4th Edition
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| ethics | the knowledge of right and wrong. |
| laws | rules set by the government to help people live peacefully together and to ensure order and safety. |
| Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act (OBRA) | a law passed by the federal government that includes minimum standards for nursing assistant training, staffing requirements, resident assessment instructions, and information on rights for residents. |
| Minimum Data Set (MDS) | a detailed form with guidelines for assessing residents in long-term care facilities. |
| Residents’ Rights | numerous rights identified in the OBRA law that relate to how residents must be treated while living in a facility; they provide an ethical code of conduct for healthcare workers. |
| informed consent | the process in which a person, with the help of a doctor, makes informed decisions about their health care. |
| neglect | the failure to provide needed care that results in physical, mental, or emotional harm to a person. |
| negligence | actions, or the failure to act or provide the proper care, that result in unintended injury to a person. |
| malpractice | injury to a person due to professional misconduct through negligence, carelessness, or lack of skill. |
| abuse | purposeful mistreatment that causes physical, mental, or emotional pain or injury to someone. |
| physical abuse | any treatment, intentional or not, that causes harm to a person’s body. |
| psychological abuse | emotional harm caused by threatening, scaring, humiliating, intimidating, isolating, or insulting a person. |
| verbal abuse | the use of spoken or written words, pictures, or gestures that threaten, embarrass, or insult a person. |
| assault | a threat to harm a person, resulting in the person feeling fearful that she will be harmed. |
| battery | the intentional touching of a person without their consent. |
| sexual abuse | the forcing of a person to perform or participate in sexual acts against his or her will; includes unwanted touching, exposing oneself, and sharing pornographic material. |
| financial abuse | the improper or illegal use of a person’s money, possessions, property, or other assets. |
| domestic violence | physical, sexual, or emotional abuse by spouses, intimate partners, or family members. |
| workplace violence | verbal, physical, or sexual abuse of staff by other staff members, residents or visitors. |
| false imprisonment | the unlawful restraint of someone that affects the person’s freedom of movement; includes both the threat of being physically restrained and actually being physically restrained. |
| involuntary seclusion | the separation of a person from others against the person’s will. |
| sexual harassment | any unwelcome sexual advance or behavior that creates an intimidating, hostile, or offensive working environment. |
| substance abuse | the repeated use of legal or illegal substances in a way that is harmful to oneself or others. |
| mandated reporters | people who are legally required to report suspected or observed abuse or neglect because they have regular contact with vulnerable populations, such as the elderly in care facilities. |
| ombudsman | a legal advocate for residents in long-term care facilities who helps resolve disputes and settle conflicts. |
| confidentiality | the legal and ethical principle of keeping information private. |
| protected health information (PHI) | info that can be used to identify a person & relates to the patient’s condition, any health care that the person has had, & payment for that health care; examples: name, address, phone number, social security number, email address, medical record number |
| advance directives | legal documents that allow people to decide what medical care they wish to have in the event they are unable to make those decisions themselves. |
| living will | a document that outlines the medical care a person wants, or does not want, in case he becomes unable to make those decisions. |
| durable power of attorney for health care | a signed, dated, and witnessed legal document that appoints someone else to make the medical decisions for a person in the event they become unable to do so. |
| Physician Orders for Life-Sustaining Treatment (POLST) | a medical order that specifies the treatments a person wishes to receive, not what he wishes to avoid, when he is very ill; decisions are based on conversations between the patient and his healthcare providers. |
| do not resuscitate (DNR) | a medical order that instructs medical professionals not to perform cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) in the event of cardiac or respiratory arrest. |
| do not intubate (DNI) | a medical order that tells medical professionals not to place a breathing tube in a person. |
| do not hospitalize (DNH) | a medical order that states that a person should not be sent to a hospital for treatment; treatment, however, is continued where the person is residing. |
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