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Phlebotomy Chapter13
Chapter 13 Vocab Key Terms
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| 5-HIAA | 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid - A 24-hour urine test for 5-HIAA, a product of the breakdown of serotonin that is measured in the diagnosis of & monitoring of a type of tumor that produces serotonin |
| 24-hour urine | A pooled urine specimen collected over a 24-hour period to allow quantitative analysis of a urine analyte |
| AFB | Acid-Fast Bacillus - Term used to describe the microbe that causes tuberculosis |
| AFP | Alpha-Fetoprotein - Antigen in amniotic fluid measured to assess fetal development |
| amniotic fluid | Clear, almost colorless to pale-yellow fluid that fills the membrane (amnion or amniotic sac) surrounding & cushioning a fetus in the uterus |
| buccal swab | Swab of material collected from the inside of the cheek |
| C&S | Culture & Sensitivity - Microbiology test that encourages the growth of microorganisms, identifying any that grow, & then performing sensitivity/antibiotic susceptibility testing to identify antibiotics that will be effective against them |
| clean-catch | Method of obtaining a urine sample so that it is free of contamination from the external genital area |
| CIDTs | Culture-Independent Diagnostic Tests - Rapid tests that detect foodborne illnesses |
| cath urine | Urine specimen collected from a sterile catheter inserted through the urethra into the bladder |
| clostridium difficile | Frequent causative agent of hospital-acquired diarrhea |
| creatinine clearance | A kidney function test that requires a 24-hour urine collection & a blood specimen usually collected at the midpoint of urine collection |
| CSF | Cerebrospinal Fluid - Fluid that surrounds & helps cushion the brain & spinal cord |
| C-UBT | C-Urea Breath Test - Breath test used to detect Helicobacter pylori |
| DKA | Diabetic Ketoacidosis - A dangerous decrease in blood pH due to excess ketones that requires medical intervention |
| expectorate | The act of forcibly spitting out mucus or phlegm from the mouth by coughing |
| first-morning/eight-hour urine | A urine specimen collected immediately upon awakening after eight hours of sleep. This type of test normally has the highest specific gravity. aka first-voided, overnight, or early morning specimen |
| FIT/iFOBT | Fecal immunochemical test/immunochemical fecal occult blood test - Tests that detect human globin in feces |
| FOBT | Fecal Occult Blood Test - Detects hidden blood in feces |
| gastric analysis | A test that examines stomach contents for abnormal substances & measures gastric acid concentration to evaluate stomach acid production |
| glycosuria | Glucose in the urine |
| guaiac | A type of resin that is filled in the filter paper used for traditional occult blood tests |
| hCG | Human Chorionic Gonadotropin - Initials of a hormone detected in urine pregnancy tests. A hormone produced by cells within the developing placenta that appears in serum & urine approximately 8 to 10 days after conception |
| H. pylori | Helicobacter pylori - Bacterial species secreting substances that damage the lining of the stomach & cause chronic gastritis, which can lead to peptic ulcer disease |
| iontophoresis | Electrical stimulation from electrodes placed on the skin. Used in the production of sweat in the sweat chloride test |
| ketones | Substances created when the body breaks down fat for energy because the diet in carbohydrates or the body does not metabolize glucose properly. A build-up of ketones in the blood can lead to a dangerous condition called diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) |
| L/S ratio | Lecithin-to-sphingomyelin (L/S) ratio - Test used to assess fetal lung maturity |
| lumbar puncture | aka spinal puncture & spinal tap. Procedure in which a physician inserts a special needle into the spinal cavity to extract spinal fluid (CSF) |
| midstream | Term applied to urine collection in which the specimen is collected in the middle of urination rather than at the beginning or end |
| NP | Nasopharyngeal - Refers to the nasal cavity & pharynx |
| O&P | Ova & Parasite - A fecal test to detect the presence of intestinal parasites & their eggs |
| occult blood | Hidden blood (from naked eye) |
| Pap | Papanicolaou - Cytology smear staining method. Cervical cancer screening test |
| PCR | Polymerase Chain Reaction - Testing process that can detect & amplify DNA |
| pericardial fluid | Fluid aspirated from the pericardial cavity that surrounds the heart |
| peritoneal fluid | Fluid aspirated from the abdominal cavity |
| pleural fluid | Fluid aspirated from the pleural cavity surrounding the lungs |
| random urine | A urine specimen that can be collected at any time |
| RIDTs | Rapid Influenza Diagnostic Tests - Influenza screening tests |
| serous fluid | Pale-yellow, serum-like, watery fluid found between the double-layered membranes that enclose the pleural, pericardial, & peritoneal cavities |
| sputum | Mucus or phlegm ejected from the trachea, bronchi, & lungs by deep coughing |
| strep | Streptococci - Short for bacteria that cause sore throat. Usually refers to group A strep |
| supernatant | The clear top portion of a urine sample/specimen that has been centrifuged |
| suprapubic | Suprapubic Aspiration - Term used to describe a way of obtaining a urine specimen by inserting a needle directly into the urinary bladder & aspirating the urine directly from the bladder into a sterile syringe |
| sweat chloride | A test that involves the stimulation of sweat production by electrical means & then collecting the sweat & measuring its chloride content to diagnose cystic fibrosis |
| synovial fluid | Viscid (sticky), colorless fluid found in joint cavities |
| UA | Urinalysis - Routine urine test |
| UTI | Urinary Tract Infection - Infection in the urinary tract |
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luciajoon
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