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Phlebotomy Chapter 6
Chapter 6 Vocab Key Terms
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| ABO | Blood Group System; four blood types A, B, AB, & O |
| antecubital | In front of the elbow |
| aorta | Largest artery in the body, arising from the left ventricle of the heart |
| arrhythmia | Irregularity in the heart rate, rhythm, or beat |
| arteries | Blood vessels that carry blood away from the heart |
| atria | Upper receiving chambers on each side of the heart |
| basilic vein | Large antecubital vein on the inner side of the arm; last choice for venipuncture |
| basophils | WBCs with large dark blue-black staining granules, normally the least numerous WBCs, & release histamine and heparin |
| bicipital aponeurosis | Fibrous membrane located within the antecubital fossa underlying the median nerve & median cubital vein; offers protection to underlying structures such as nerves & arteries |
| blood pressure | Force exerted by the blood on the walls of the blood vessels |
| brachial artery | Major arm artery located in the medial anterior aspect of the antecubital fossa |
| buffy coat | Consists of WBCs & platelets; it is thin, fluffy-looking, & white-colored |
| capillaries | Microscopic one-cell-thick vessels connecting the arterial system & venous systems |
| cardiac cycle | One complete contraction & subsequent relaxation of the heart (lasts about 0.8 seconds) |
| cephalic vein | Antecubital vein in the lateral aspect of the arm; second choice in H-shaped vein pattern |
| coagulation | Blood-clotting process |
| cross-match | A test to determine compatibility of blood for transfusion |
| diastolic pressure | Arterial pressure during relaxation of the ventricles |
| ECG/EKG | Electrocardiogram - record of the electrical activity of the heart during the cardiac cycle |
| eosinophils | Granulocytes that increase with allergies & pinworm infections |
| erythrocytes | Red Blood Cells (RBCs) - main function is to carry oxygen from the lungs to the tissue cells & to transport carbon dioxide away from the cells to the lungs |
| erythropoiesis | Red blood cell production/formation |
| extrinsic | Originating outside; coagulation pathway inhibited by factors outside the bloodstream |
| fibrin | Elastic, threadlike protein involved in clot formation; formed by action of thrombin on fibrinogen |
| fibrinogen | Coagulation factor converted to fibrin in the coagulation process |
| fibrinolysis | Process that leads to removal or dissolution of a blood clot |
| formed elements | RBCs, WBCs, & platelets; make up the cellular portion of the blood |
| hemostasis | Process by which the body stops the leakage of blood from the vascular system after injury; aka coagulation process |
| hemostatic plug | Blood clot formed from blood cells & platelets trapped in a network of fibrin strands |
| intrinsic | Originating within; coagulation pathway initiated by factors within the bloodstream |
| in vitro | In a test tube |
| in vivo | In the living body |
| leukocytes | White Blood Cells (WBCs); main function is to combat infection & remove disintegrated tissue |
| lymphatic system | System that removes impurities & returns tissue fluid to the bloodstream; system includes vessels, nodes, & ducts |
| lymphocytes | Second most numerous WBCs & most numerous agranulocytes; two main types are T & B lymphocytes |
| median basilic vein | Located in the medial aspect of the antecubital area; last choice for venipuncture in the M-shaped pattern |
| median cephalic vein | Located in the lateral aspect of the antecubital area; second choice for venipuncture in the M-shaped pattern |
| median cubital vein | Located in the middle of the antecubital area; first choice in the H-shaped pattern |
| median nerve | Major arm nerve located in the medial aspect of the arm near the basilic vein |
| median vein | Located in the center of the antecubital area; first choice for venipuncture in the M-shaped pattern |
| megakaryocyte | Large bone marrow cell from which platelets are derived |
| monocytes | The largest WBCs; among the first line of defense in the inflammatory process |
| neutrophils | Most numerous WBCs in adults; aka polys, PMNs, or segs |
| plasma | Fluid portion of clotted blood containing fibrinogen; top layer of clear liquid used for testing |
| platelet plug | Temporarily seals a break in a blood vessel; it is the second response of hemostasis |
| platelets | Formed elements essential to the clotting process; cell fragments produced by & released from megakaryocyte |
| pulmonary circulation | Delivers blood from the heart to the lungs & back to the heart |
| Rh | Blood group system based on the D antigen; basis for the Rh blood group system |
| serum | Fluid portion of clotted blood that does not contain fibrinogen; normally a clear pale-yellow fluid |
| systemic circulation | Delivers blood from the heart to body tissues & back to the heart |
| systolic pressure | Arterial pressure during the contracting phase of the cardiac cycle |
| thrombin | Main coagulation enzyme that converts fibrinogen into the fibrin necessary for clot formation |
| thrombocytes | Term for platelets; play a role in the coagulation process & are the smallest of the formed elements |
| tunica adventitia | Outer layer of a blood vessel |
| tunica intima | Inner layer of a blood vessel |
| tunica media | Middle layer of a blood vessel |
| vasoconstriction | Reduction in blood vessel diameter due to contraction of tunica media muscle fibers due to injury |
| veins | Blood vessels that return blood to the heart |
| ventricles | Lower chambers of the heart, which deliver blood to the arteries |
| whole blood | Blood in the same form as it was in the bloodstream |
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luciajoon
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