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Road to War WWII
Final WH
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| 1) How did some key events in Europe and Asia propel the world into war in 1939? | |
| 2) What were some important strategies and battles during World War II | |
| 3) How did Hitler’s beliefs directly lead to the Holocaust? What is/was the human cost of the Holocaust? | |
| Germany: Concordat with Vatican | Nazis tried to gain legitimacy by negotiating treaties w/other countries. Concordat (treaty) w/ Vatican 1933= catholics could practice their religion freely on Germany, in exchange Pope wouldn't criticize Nazi actions & politics |
| Germany: Nonagression Pact with USSR | USSR & Germany agreed not to attack each other. Secretly Hitler & Stalin agreed to split Poland |
| Germany: Night of the Long Knives | June 30-July 2 1934 Purge of SA leadership. H feared SA & Ernst Röhm potential threat--Göring & Himmler gave H news of Röhm organizing coup . H combined offices of President & Chancellor & declare himself Fuhrer of new Reich by ridding political opponents |
| Germany: Nuremberg Laws | 1935 Nuremberg laws put Nazi's ideas abt race into law. Ex) a citizen was a person of G blood, and Jews were not G so they didn't have rights; banned intermarriage btwn Jews and G; a person with three or four Jewish grandparents was a Jew |
| Germany: Kristallnacht | Nov. 9–10, 1938 The Night of Broken Glass= Nazi leaders unleashed pogroms against the Jews in Germany and recently incorporated territories. Shattered glass littered streets after vandalism and destruction of Jewish businesses, synagogues, homes. |
| Italy: Lateran Treaty | 1929 Mussolini/Catholic church: M gave church in It. more power and destroyed Enlightenment idea of separation of church/state, It. govt recognized Vatican City as indep. ctry, in return Pope recognized It. as indep. nation under control of fascist govt |
| Italy: Imperial conquest of Libya and Ethiopia | Libyans resisted It. control 1911-1932 when Mussolini's fascist govt defeated L rebels; It. invaded Ethiopian empire 1935 & colonized the last independent ctry in Africa-->League of Nations sanctioned It. but US/other nations cont trade so no effect |
| Japan: Manchuria Manchukuo (aka Manzhouguo) | After Russo-Jap War, J military want northeast China as industrial colony/source of raw materials, civil war in C=opportunity->former Emperor of C ruler; real authority=J military officials "puppet state" that developed industry/agriculture &education |
| Japan: “Asia for the Asians” and Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity sphere | Greater E. Asian co-prosperity sphere-> J will co-prosper w/ E, Asian ctrys meaning they're going to colonize E. Asian ctrys 4 resources |
| Japan: Nanjing Massacre December 1937–January 1938 | Japanese troops—undisciplined/exhausted in battle 4 Shanghai—revenge 4 soldiers lost->eliminate 90,000 Chinese surrendered soldiers. J->surrender=cowardice, 20,000-80,000 women raped/tortured, ~200,000 to 300,000 dead, burned 1/3 Nanjing's buildings |
| Rome-Berlin-Tokyo Axis | 1936 - the alliance between Italy, Germany, and Japan who fought against Allied forces in World War II. |
| Allied Powers | Great Britain, the United States, and the Soviet Union, (France) |
| Spanish Civil War and Guernica (as rehearsal for WWII) April 26, 1937 | Guernica during Spanish Civil War:Gs/Nationalists denied involvement (Later found used as 1. Way 2 break Basque resistance 2 nationalism & 2. test area 4 Nazi Military tactic blanket bombing 4 WW2)1600 civilians killed (⅓ pop. 70% of the town destroyed |
| Anschluss, Sudetenland, appeasement, and Munich Pact | Anschluss: + of Austria 2 Germany, Sudetenland: Hitler want Czechoslovakia bc Sudetenland region had ethnic G majority, Munich Pact:example of appeasement--B Prime Minister Chamberlain allowed G 2 annex Czechoslovakia 4 peace->deaths of many Czechs |
| Blitzkrieg and “the Blitz” | Poland: Blitzkrieg-ground/air strategy attack, Blitz=Nazi's attempt 2 capture B, bombed cities, hoping that: 1. citizens pressure politicians end war 2. B defenses weakened&G can invade->failed bc strengthened B resolve 2 fight->H cancel invasion plans |
| Sieges of Stalingrad August 23 or July 17, 1942—February 2, 1943 | Hitler wanted Stalingrad bc 1. Stalingrad large industrial city producing armaments & tractors 2. seizing city that had Stalin's name=great personal/propaganda victory 3. to control Allies' oil fields; Soviets held out against Nazis&prevented takeover |
| Warsaw ghetto uprising April 19, 1943 | Mass deport. Jews/Great Action 7/22-9/12/42->Jew self defense units->Jew Combat Organiz. ZOB &Jew Military Union ZZW->Jews resist Gs 27 days, 5/12/43, G crushed uprising survivors>concen. camps, ~7,000 Jews died fighting/hiding->uprisings in other ghettos |
| Pearl harbor bombing* December 7, 1941 | US passed economic sanctions against Japan->trade embargoes on aircraft exports, oil&scrap metal, + other key goods->J lost 94% of oil, unwilling to submit to U.S demands->take oil by force |
| Tank battle at el Alamein | Victory for the Allies: B vs G |
| D-Day June 6, 1944 | The beaches of Normandy were the landing sites for D-Day |
| Nagasaki and Hiroshima August 6–August 9, 1945 | Truman use atomic bomb 2 bring war 2 quick end->believed it would also put US in dom position 2 determine course of postwar world->H bomb killed ~80,000 ppl, more later die of radiation exposure, N bomb killed ~40,000 ppl->Japan surrender August 15 |
| Holocaust, Concentration/Death camps | Holocaust=persecution/murder of Euro’s Jews 1933-1945 coordinated by Nazi G+allies, Methods: 1. concentration camps 2. Jews forced into ghettos&starved to death 3. einsatzgruppen=mobile killing squads->after killing, Nazi soldiers refused 2 more murder |
| Nuremberg and Tokyo Trials, crimes against humanity | Purpose: prosecute/punish military authorities/officials who committed crimes against peace=prep of war of aggression, war crimes=violations of war customs, crimes against humanity=inhumane acts committed against civilians |
| Sieges of Leningrad | G->USSR 7/'41: LNGRD key bc was home base 4 R’s Baltic naval fleet, many factories, def. Leningrad morale blow 2 USSR; purpose=to starve USSR into submission->failed, G lost bc USSR offenses->G west from L’s outskirts though ~2 mil died |
| Final Solution | Final Solution=last stage of Holocaust 1941-1945, deliberate, planned mass murder of Euro Jews, Nazi plans to kill Jews "efficiently" in ways that were less psychologically damaging 2 perpetrators->death camps/auschwitz |
Created by:
undercoverkookie68
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