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Final Hist from 1500
Final Exam
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| 1848 Revolutions | National revolutions break out throughout Europe; Goal is to implement ideals of the French Revolution throughout the continent (liberalism, democracy, equality before the law); none successful; tried to unite Italy and Germany into nation states |
| 1867 Famine in India | New ways to document weather patterns and disseminate information quickly; news starts to affect grain prices; bad weather, poor harvests assumption. World commodity prices go up; famine in this country while the colonial country consumes the same amount |
| Alexandra Kollontai and Hermila Galino | Radical feminist revolutionaries; Critics of marriage, patriarchy, the church; Proponents of social revolution; Advocated for a radical reorientation of the family and education; Active politicians |
| Algerian War of Independence | War of Independence for this African country; fought against France; mass propaganda; French peoples instigating violence to blame the indigenous peoples; once war is won, French refugees return to France |
| Alsace-Lorraine | Prussia defeats French in the Franco-Prussian War; Germany annexes these provinces, causes resentment in France; romanticizes these provinces |
| Armenian Genocide | 600K-1.5 million Armenians murdered by the Ottoman government; Assume that armenians are orthodox christians who might join orthodox christian Russia; Distrust leads to genocide |
| Atlantic Charter | One idea of what should happen to European empires after WW2; All people had the right to self-determination USA and UK would not seek territorial enlargement Promote global cooperation and advancement of social welfare |
| Berlin Wall | Wall that separated Germany into U.S., USSR, and British territories; west Germany was occupied by the U.S. and Britain while East Germany belonged to the USSR; |
| Biological Old Regime | Human activities relied on renewable sources of energy supplied by the sun; Plants/animals raised for food; Trees/charcoal used for heat; labor (human;animal); Tools powered by humans, animals, water; Transportation (wood boats) commodities (wool, linen) |
| Boxer Rebellion | Tens of thousands of Christians were killed in this massacre in China. Wanted to stray away from the "west", killed a lot of missionaries and people who were Christians to attempt to get back to the original Chinese beliefs. |
| Chernobyl | Massive nuclear accident in Eastern Europe during the Cold War; caused major fears for Nuclear Energy |
| Coal | England runs out of charcoal and trees for heat; this is found near the surface in England, and is easy to harvest; England then has 90% of the worlds consumption; Depletion of this commodity leads to the invention of the steam engine. |
| Cold War | Period of competition between the U.S. and USSR both in weapons of war and technological advancements; competition between capitalism and communism; proxy wars with Vietnam and Korea |
| Declaration of the Rights of Man | French revolutionary thought that sets out the “natural and inalienable” rights: freedom, ownership, security, resistance to oppression; it recognizes equality before the law and the justice system, and affirms the principle of separation of powers |
| Decolonization | Atlantic Charter -- Period of time where large empires were leaving or forced to leave Africa/other colonized countries. Belief that there should be no more European empires |
| Divine Right | belief that Royalty has a God-given right to rule and implement doctrine; supported monarchical absolutism |
| Doomsday Clock | Tool made by nuclear scientist to show how close we are to the end of the world; clock gets closer or pushed way from "midnight"; certain actions throughout history move the clock hand forwards or backwards |
| Economic miracle | Period of time where economies were extremely successful post WW2. Large reconstruction projects, manufacturing strides like the internal combustion engine, massive consumerism; all powered by fossil fuels |
| Enclosure | Aristocrats determine that small fields in feudal lands are not productive for agriculture Kick out the peasants to have one large field with large production, fences land; people lose jobs because you don’t need as many people to cultivate the fields |
| Fossil fuels | Nonrenewable resources that stem from the first Industrial Revolution; coal was the 1800s; Petroleum was the 1900s forward; Economies after the Industrial Revolution were built on this resource |
| Franco-Prussian War | Prussia defeats the French Germany annexes the provinces of Alsace and Lorraine The war completes German unification The German Empire becomes the dominant power in Europe Very fast, only lasts a couple of months gives idea that modern wars are short |
| German South West Africa | Settler colonialism for Germany in the late 1800s Implement a reservation system Force African leaders into unequal treaties |
| Globalization | Implementing global relationships; NAFTA; ramps up after the cold war; thought of increases cooperation; Golden Arches theory; leads to urbanization, hyperconsumption |
| Greco-Turkish War | War between Greece and Turkey; Greece claimed land in turkish territory after dismantling the ottoman empire; mass population exchange led to people out of homes and jobs; first test for the League of Nations and failed |
| Greenwich Mean Time | Standardization of time; clock starts in this city, moves forwards or backwards depending on location; had to be implemented due to the railroad |
| Herero and Nama Genocide | the first genocide of the 20th century Justified on basis of rebellion; “war of annihilation”;featured complete extermination German troops forced retreating Herero and Nama into the Omaheke desert where they died of starvation, dehydration, and disease |
| Italian Unification | 1860-1871; Successful unification of European peninsula Associated with traditional dynastic governments rather than progressive democracy Realpolitik/ war disregard of liberal principles in favor of autocracy still had traditional social structures |
| Joseph Stalin | Leader of the USSR during WW2 and the beginning of the Cold War; dictator; created the Gulag slave labor camps; |
| League of Nations | Instituted after WW1; international body the mediates disputes between countries; helps decide the "winners" and "losers" in Europe due to the new Paris System; implements the mandate system; |
| Malaria | Disease that kept out European countries from central Africa; invention of quinine medicine that prevents this disease allows colonization of central Africa |
| Manchester | Skilled labor Coal deposits Waterways to link markets 20,000 → 400,000 people from 1750-1850 |
| Mexican Revolution | revolution; class war; gave new roles for women as they entered the public sphere; soldaderas Camp followers – set up and take down camps, clean weapons, cook, clean Combatants;Roles have been immortalized in representations of the revolution |
| Molotov-Ribbentrop Pact | "Nazi-Soviet Pact"; agreement signed by Germany and the USSR to have a non-aggression pact; it would allow Germany to invade Poland without the USSR responding; Splits Poland between Germany and USSR |
| Mustafa Kemal | "Ataturk" founder of an independent Turkish state and leader of Turkish military during the Greco-Turkish War |
| NAFTA | Free trade agreement between the north american countries; major outsourcing of jobs; loss of 29000 manufacturing jobs locally; Weekly wages 69% of national average 10% economic growth in Mexican border cities |
| New Imperialism | Settler colonialism Exploitation colonialism “The highest stage of capitalism" Core countries exploit periphery countries Scramble for Africa |
| Oil embargo | OPEC places new policy on the United States in 1970s; period of stagflation as manufacturing peaks and starts to dwindle; end of the economic miracle |
| Operation Barbarossa | Invasion of the USSR by Nazi Germany; breaks the Molotov-Ribbentrop Pact; ramped up WW2; Hitler claims the war against the USSR will be a total extermination; Hitler claims that it will not follow the "normal" rules of war as this is not a normal war |
| Panic of 1873 | First of the major stock market crashes Price speculation in railroads and steamships Price speculation in global commodities like wheat World systems and interconnected economies mean that depression spreads all over the globe |
| Paris system | Every nation should have a state Borders should be determined by the ethnic makeup of populations (population politics) International institutions should mitigate disputes between states National self-determination minority protection and rights |
| Partition of India | after this country is given independence in 1947; a separation of this state occured due to religious beliefs; Muslims and hindus were traded off and displaced in their new cities, sometimes even massacred |
| Patrice Lumumba | Congo's first prime minister Extremely charismatic and popular amongst supporters Created a mass base party rather than territorial Executed |
| Percentages Agreement | Agreement between Churchill and Stalin on how to break apart Europe after WW2; created before the war ended; created the "Iron Curtain" |
| Proletariat | New class after the transition from the Old regime into an industrial world; consisted of factory workers and wage laborers |
| Queen Victoria | Empress of India 1877; was crowned in India during a famine; paraded around in royal manner while people were dying of starvation |
| Railroads | Made in response to the invention of steam engine; massive lines for transportation; allowed easier access to travel and to trade; new crop of wealth industrialists; new round of imperialism; speculation leads to the world's first economic depression |
| Rationing | limiting supplies in a home country in order to provide food for troops; changes the economy during wartime; Great Britain starts doing this during WW2 in response to bombings from Germany; |
| Roosevelt Corollary | stated that the Western World is no longer open to colonization by Europe; the U.S. had the responsibility to preserve order and protect life and property in the Americas |
| Rosa Luxemburg | one of the first writers to notice the 1905 revolution's potential for democratization within the Russian Empire. In the years 1905-1906 alone, she made in Polish and German over 100 articles, brochures, appeals, texts, and speeches about the revolution. |
| Russian Revolution | Revolution in 1917; causes this country to leave WW1; revolted over the royal family for a communist regime |
| Saint Domingue | French colony 40% of Europe’s sugar people who own the plantations and the merchants get very rich from being fueled with the sugar business Largest and most successful colonial sugar production the largest and most successful slave insurrection |
| Scramble for Africa | Natural resources: rubber; gold; diamonds; coal; timber Competition between European nation-state Prestige; “living space”; markets for industrial products Malaria medicine allowed for this conquest |
| Social Darwinism | Thought that humans were subject to natural selection and survival of the fittest; leads to justification of imperialism and racism |
| Taiping Rebellion | revolt against the Qing dynasty in China, fought with religious conviction over regional economic conditions, and lasting from 1850 to 1864; encouraged Christianity in China |
| Textiles | First industrial revolution starts with this product; leads to large manufacturing in England to combat cheap Indian Calico Fabric; huge market for England to sell product to clothe slaves in Americas |
| Third Estate | made up of everyone else, from peasant farmers to the bourgeoisie – the wealthy business class; middle class to lower; the commoners |
| Treaty of Versailles | Treaty that determined land losses of Germany after WW1; peace treaty that ended the state of war in Germany; required Germany to pay reparations, disarm, lose territory, and give up all overseas territories; ended WW1 |
| Trinity Bomb | One of the first atomic bombs tested in New Mexico; leads to further developments in atomic technology, including war weapons |
| Unconditional surrender | Germany and its allies were subjected to this after WW2; included foreign occupation, denazification, and reperations without any pushback, rebelling, or "complaining" |
| Waste Isolation Pilot Plant | underground structure near Carlsbad Deeper than the empire state building place for nuclear waste; solution is to just bury it; salt deposit would theoretically abosrb any potential leak; shows the unanswered question for what to do with nuclear waste |
| Wilsonian moment | idea of national self-determination; "every civilized nation should have a state"; forced the change of systems from the vienna to the paris; |
Created by:
ericbustamante1001
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