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AnSci Study Exam 1

AnSci Study Guide for Exam 1

QuestionAnswer
Feed costs are what % of production costs? 60 to 70
Approx how many farms are in the USA? 2.2 million
How many farms are family owned? 97%
How many acres are used for farming in the USA? 2.26 billion
What animals does the US farm? Cattle, Sheep, Goats, Swine, and Poultry
Is beef consumption increasing or decreasing? Decreasing
Is poultry/broiler consumption increasing or decreasing? Increasing
What is the leading state in Cow-Calf operations? Texas
What is the leading state in Feedlot operations? Nebraska
What is the leading state in milk production? California
Where does WI fall in milk production? #2
What is the leading state in the sheep industry? Texas
What is the leading state in the pork industry? Iowa
What is the leading state in broiler production? Georgia
What is the leading state in egg production? Iowa
What is the leading state in Turkey production? North Carolina
What is the leading state in goat meat production? Texas
What is the leading state in goat milk produciton? Wisconsin
What is the leading state in horse operations? Texas
What is a livestock breed? A variety or race of an animal
How did livestock breeds develop? Crossbreeding
What breed is best for milk production? Holstein
What breed leads in milk fat %? Jersey
How many breeds of beef cattle are there in the modern day? More than 60
What are sheep raised for? Fine wool, long wool, mutton, and lambs
What are pigs raised for? lean meat
What is a gene? The simplest unit of inheritance that influence traits.
What is a trait? A heritable characteristic
What is a genotype? The genetic makeup of an individual
What is a phenotype? the expression of the genotype to the enviornment
What are offspring? A male or female animal born to two parents
What is Inheritance? The transmission of genes from parent to offspring
What is Dominance (in genes)? A gene that phenotypically presents over another gene
What is Recessive-ness (in genes)? A gene that does not show phenotypically, when a dominant gene is present
What are sex influenced traits? A gene that produces a different phenotype depending on the sex
What are sex limited traits? expressed traits limited to one of the sexes
What is a sex linked trait? Genes that occur on the sex chromosome
What is selection differential? The difference in performance between the average of the animal and the group from which the animal is selected.
What are the chromosomes for a female mammal? XX
What are the chromosomes for a male mammal? XY
What are the chromosomes for a female chicken? ZW
What are the chromosomes for a male chicken? ZZ
How many chromosomes do cattle & goats have? 60
How many chromosomes do horses have? 64
How many chromosomes do swine have? 38
How many chromosomes do sheep have? 54
How many chromosomes do chickens have? 78
How many chromosomes do turkeys have? 80
How many chromosomes do humans have? 46
What is selection? (in reference to genetic improvement) Preventing some animals from reproducing, while allowing others to reproduce
What is the bias for selection? Individual performance, pedigree, and progeny testing
What is tandem selection? Selecting for one trait at a time
What is the best selection system? Selection index
What are the mating systems? Inbreeding, Linebreeding, Outbreeding, Crossbreeding, Outcrossing, Grading up
Created by: CicadaDays
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