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micro final

QuestionAnswer
specific immunity (adaptive/specific immunity) Immune response to one molecule (antigen)
Antigen (Ag) Molecules that stimulate an immune response by B and T cells
Classes of MHC - Class 2 Machrophages, dendritic cells, B cells -only on antigen presenting cells
Classes of MHC - Class 2 Machrophages, dendritic cells, B cells -only on antigen presenting cells
How does the immune system tell self from non self? Clonal deletion - clones that react with self antigens in the bone marrow are eliminated
TFH T follicular helper cells - B cell differentiation
T cytotoxic cell (Tc) Binds and lyses infected cells and cancer cells CD8 receptor binds to MHCI
B cell activation 2 Plasma cells - secrete antibodies
Immunoglobulin structure - Immunoglobulin (Ig) = antibody (Ab) - immunoglobulin has a variable end (unique for each Ig) that binds to the antigen
Agglutination Antibodies cross - link cells or particles into clumps - renders microbes immobile
IgG Only Ig to cross placenta
IgM First to be synthesized during primary immune response
Secondary response Re-exposure to the same immunogen (Anamnestic response) Antibody synthesis, titer, and length of antibody persistence is rapid and amplified
Whole cell bacteria vaccines 1 Live attenuated: contain live organisms whose virulence has been lessened - these provide optimal immune response, but do not replicate and can be transferred to others
acne Follicle- associated lesion
Impetigo Caused by Staphylococcus aureus or Streptococcus pyogenes or a mixture of both
Gas Gangrene 1 Bacterial infection - Clostridium perfringens
Chickenpox (varicella) and shingles (zoster) Human Herpesvirus 3
Reye's syndrome Auto immune disease sometimes seen following chicken pox and influenza
Measles (Rubeola) Complications - subacute sclerosis panencephalitis (SSPE)
Meningitis 1 Haemophilus influenzae
Encephalitis brain inflammation
west nile virus -arbovirus - Infects many mammals, birds and mosquitoes - Transmitted by mosquitoes - flu- like symptoms - With or without encephalitis, it may be fatal
furious rabies Agitation, disorientation, seizures, twitching, muscle spasms leading to hydrophobia (due to inability to swallow)
tetanus Toxin causes high acetylcholine levels, resulting in prolonged muscle contractions
Acute endocarditis Causative agents - most common is staphylococcus aureus
Early symptom of Lyme disease... Characteristic Bulls eye rash or lesion
Lyme disease causative agent Borrelia burgdorferi
Mononucleosis Primarily a viral infection - Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)
human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) Kills infected helper T cells resulting in severe immunodeficiency
HIV therapy integrase inhibitors prevent virus from becoming lysogenic
Complications of streptococcal infections if not treated rapidly with antibiotics... Rheumatic fever
scarlet fever erythrogenic toxin produced by the phage - causes a rash
Diphtheria Bacterial infection ( Corynebacterium diphtheria) Exotoxin ( produced by lysogenic phage) - kills epithelial cells causing pseudo membrane (false)
Pseudomembrane formation on tonsils or pharynx may cause... Respiratory blockage resulting in death
whooping cough Bordetella pertussis (tussis = cough)
Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) Causes colds in most people More serious respiratory tract symptoms in children and susceptible individuals
antigenic shift (rapid change) involves gene exchange, which encode for viral glycoproteins, between different influenza viruses, thereby the new virus is no longer recognized by the human host
A tubercle in the lung is... A granuloma consisting of a central core of TB bacteria inside an enlarged macrophage, and an outer wall of fibroblasts, lymphocytes, and neutrophils
Mycoplasma pneumoniae Walking pneumonia
mumps Classic gopher like swelling of the cheeks
H= flagellar antigen
E. Coli 0157:H7 Serious manifestations - hemolytic uremic syndrome
Acute diarrhea with vomiting (food poisoning) caused by... Staphylococcus aureus and clostridium perfringens
Hepatitis A Inflammation of the liver
Trichinells spiralis Transmitted by eating contaminated meat ( pork and wild game are major sources)
neisseria ghonorrhea - May lead to infection of the fallopian tubes or pelvic inflammatory disease (PID)
Syphilis Bacterial infection: Treponema pallidum
After chancre... secondary syphilis develops, in which a skin rash forms on the trunk, arms, palms, and soles (rash is infectious).
Herpes simplex virus 2 Infection remains latent, as the virus remains hidden in nucleus of nerve cells
Bakers yeast fungus... Saccharomyces cerevisiae
aerobic fermentation - Sugars broken down to produce carbon dioxide and water - leavening (CO2 makes the bread rise)
Liquors distill fermentation product to obtain... higher alcohol contents
dairy products Lactobacillus and Streptococcus lactis ferment milk producing acid • Acid coagulates milk protein, producing - Curd - the coagulated solid - Whey - watery liquid remaining on surface
Lactobacillus acidophilus is often added after pasteurization to.. Benefit digestion and help maintain normal biota of the intestines
Created by: paigefigs
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