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| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| specific immunity (adaptive/specific immunity) | Immune response to one molecule (antigen) |
| Antigen (Ag) | Molecules that stimulate an immune response by B and T cells |
| Classes of MHC - Class 2 | Machrophages, dendritic cells, B cells -only on antigen presenting cells |
| Classes of MHC - Class 2 | Machrophages, dendritic cells, B cells -only on antigen presenting cells |
| How does the immune system tell self from non self? | Clonal deletion - clones that react with self antigens in the bone marrow are eliminated |
| TFH | T follicular helper cells - B cell differentiation |
| T cytotoxic cell (Tc) | Binds and lyses infected cells and cancer cells CD8 receptor binds to MHCI |
| B cell activation 2 | Plasma cells - secrete antibodies |
| Immunoglobulin structure | - Immunoglobulin (Ig) = antibody (Ab) - immunoglobulin has a variable end (unique for each Ig) that binds to the antigen |
| Agglutination | Antibodies cross - link cells or particles into clumps - renders microbes immobile |
| IgG | Only Ig to cross placenta |
| IgM | First to be synthesized during primary immune response |
| Secondary response | Re-exposure to the same immunogen (Anamnestic response) Antibody synthesis, titer, and length of antibody persistence is rapid and amplified |
| Whole cell bacteria vaccines 1 | Live attenuated: contain live organisms whose virulence has been lessened - these provide optimal immune response, but do not replicate and can be transferred to others |
| acne | Follicle- associated lesion |
| Impetigo | Caused by Staphylococcus aureus or Streptococcus pyogenes or a mixture of both |
| Gas Gangrene 1 | Bacterial infection - Clostridium perfringens |
| Chickenpox (varicella) and shingles (zoster) | Human Herpesvirus 3 |
| Reye's syndrome | Auto immune disease sometimes seen following chicken pox and influenza |
| Measles (Rubeola) | Complications - subacute sclerosis panencephalitis (SSPE) |
| Meningitis 1 | Haemophilus influenzae |
| Encephalitis | brain inflammation |
| west nile virus | -arbovirus - Infects many mammals, birds and mosquitoes - Transmitted by mosquitoes - flu- like symptoms - With or without encephalitis, it may be fatal |
| furious rabies | Agitation, disorientation, seizures, twitching, muscle spasms leading to hydrophobia (due to inability to swallow) |
| tetanus | Toxin causes high acetylcholine levels, resulting in prolonged muscle contractions |
| Acute endocarditis | Causative agents - most common is staphylococcus aureus |
| Early symptom of Lyme disease... | Characteristic Bulls eye rash or lesion |
| Lyme disease causative agent | Borrelia burgdorferi |
| Mononucleosis | Primarily a viral infection - Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) |
| human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) | Kills infected helper T cells resulting in severe immunodeficiency |
| HIV therapy | integrase inhibitors prevent virus from becoming lysogenic |
| Complications of streptococcal infections if not treated rapidly with antibiotics... | Rheumatic fever |
| scarlet fever | erythrogenic toxin produced by the phage - causes a rash |
| Diphtheria | Bacterial infection ( Corynebacterium diphtheria) Exotoxin ( produced by lysogenic phage) - kills epithelial cells causing pseudo membrane (false) |
| Pseudomembrane formation on tonsils or pharynx may cause... | Respiratory blockage resulting in death |
| whooping cough | Bordetella pertussis (tussis = cough) |
| Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) | Causes colds in most people More serious respiratory tract symptoms in children and susceptible individuals |
| antigenic shift | (rapid change) involves gene exchange, which encode for viral glycoproteins, between different influenza viruses, thereby the new virus is no longer recognized by the human host |
| A tubercle in the lung is... | A granuloma consisting of a central core of TB bacteria inside an enlarged macrophage, and an outer wall of fibroblasts, lymphocytes, and neutrophils |
| Mycoplasma pneumoniae | Walking pneumonia |
| mumps | Classic gopher like swelling of the cheeks |
| H= | flagellar antigen |
| E. Coli 0157:H7 | Serious manifestations - hemolytic uremic syndrome |
| Acute diarrhea with vomiting (food poisoning) caused by... | Staphylococcus aureus and clostridium perfringens |
| Hepatitis A | Inflammation of the liver |
| Trichinells spiralis | Transmitted by eating contaminated meat ( pork and wild game are major sources) |
| neisseria ghonorrhea | - May lead to infection of the fallopian tubes or pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) |
| Syphilis | Bacterial infection: Treponema pallidum |
| After chancre... | secondary syphilis develops, in which a skin rash forms on the trunk, arms, palms, and soles (rash is infectious). |
| Herpes simplex virus 2 | Infection remains latent, as the virus remains hidden in nucleus of nerve cells |
| Bakers yeast fungus... | Saccharomyces cerevisiae |
| aerobic fermentation | - Sugars broken down to produce carbon dioxide and water - leavening (CO2 makes the bread rise) |
| Liquors distill fermentation product to obtain... | higher alcohol contents |
| dairy products | Lactobacillus and Streptococcus lactis ferment milk producing acid • Acid coagulates milk protein, producing - Curd - the coagulated solid - Whey - watery liquid remaining on surface |
| Lactobacillus acidophilus is often added after pasteurization to.. | Benefit digestion and help maintain normal biota of the intestines |
Created by:
paigefigs
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