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AP Human Geo Unit 7
Unit 7: Industrial and Economic Development
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Industrialization | The development of industries in a country or region on a wide scale. |
| The Industrial Revolution | Improvements made in industrial technology that transformed the process of manufacturing goods and facilitated by availability of natural resources |
| Primary Activities | Production of raw materials and basic foods |
| Secondary Activities | Processing raw materials into usable products |
| Tertiary Activities | Purchase and sale of finished product |
| Quaternary Sector | Knowledge based sector including research and development, business, finance, education, and technology |
| Quinary Sector | Highest level of decision makers in government and business |
| Core Nations | Includes the economically advantaged areas of the world and the centers of world business and finance |
| Periphery Nations | Includes the least developed nations of the world involved in primary agricultural activities |
| Semi-Periphery | Includes middle income emerging countries of the world |
| Brant Line | An imaginary line on the globe separating into a more developed, poorer south |
| New International Division of Labor | System of specialization of employment in different regions of the world |
| World Systems Theory | Countries do not exist in isolation but are interconnected and dependent on each other |
| Dependency Theory | Resources flow from a periphery nation to a core of wealthy states |
| Commodity dependence | ration of commodities to total of exports |
| Agglomeration | sharing of resources |
| Multiplier effect | Potential for one job to produce additional new jobs |
| Least Cost Model | Weber; Factors to influence where to locate a factory including transportation cost, labor cost, and agglomeration |
| Locational Interdependence | Decision to locate a factory is strongly dependent upon the location of other factories |
| Opportunity Cost | The loss of potential gain from other alternatives when one alternative is chosen over another |
| Break of Bulk Point | Place where cargo is shifted from one form of transportation to another |
| Growth Poles | Area of concentration highly innovative and technologically advanced industries that stimulate economic development in linked businesses and industries |
| Gross Domestic Product | Total value of goods produced a country |
| Fordist | Assembly line production |
| Post-fordist | More globalized production process where different components of a final product are made off sire and then assembled at the location |
| Gross National Product | The total value of goods and services produced by a country in a year |
| Gross National Income | Total amount of money earned by a nation's people and businesses in a year |
| Purchasing Power Parity | Converting foreign currency into the equivalent amount to determine what an amount of money can buy in each country |
| Gini Coefficient | Measurement of the distribution of income within population on a scale of 0-1 |
| Human Development Index | Alternative measurement of development when takes into account more than just income.Includes social measures such as life expectancy and educational levels |
| Offshoring | Moving business operations overseas to lower cost of operations |
| Outsourcing | Contracting work out to other companies to reduce cost or to improve specialization |
| Special Economic Zones | Designated areas within a country that have more favorable economic regulations than the rest of the country |
| Free trade zones | Allows for nations to import goods without a tariff |
| Export Processing Zones | Areas that provide incentives for foreign companies to conduct business in developing countries |
| Maquiladora | Export producing cities in northern Mexico where America companies take advantage of cheap labor to produce at lower cost. |
| Rust Belt | Once was a primarily industrialized and hit hard by move towards a postindustrial |
| Gender Inequality Index | Gender inequality gap increases in some parts of the world |
| Microloans | Small loans to help start a business, aimed at those who would not normally get credited to start a business such as women |
Created by:
Makenzie12
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