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AP Hu Geo U1 P.1 A2
Attempt 2
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What does Geo mean? | Earth |
| What does Graphy mean? | To write |
| How were maps used historically? | To focus on locations and help with exploration. |
| How are maps used today? | To solve problems. They can illuminate the cause and possible solutions. |
| What are the two questions human geography seeks to answer? | Where are people and activities found on Earth? Why are they found here? |
| How can geography vs. history be simplified? | The where vs the when |
| What is cartography? | The science of mapmaking. |
| What are the 3 Cs of map analysis? | Check the title Check the key/legend Check the spatial information revealed and the questions (if a test!) |
| What is latitude? | The number system used to measure distance north and south of the equator (horizontal lines). |
| What is longitude? | The number system used to measure distance east and west of the Prime Meridian (verticle Lines). |
| Where does the Prime Meridian pass? | Through Greenwich, England at 0° |
| Where is the international date line? | Opposite the Prime Meridian on the globe at roughly 180° |
| What is scale? | The relationship between the portion of Earth being studied and Earth as a whole Displayed as a ratio, written, or a graphic |
| What is small scale? | displays more of Earth; larger area, less detail |
| What is large scale? | displays Earth relatively close-up; small area, more detail |
| What is map scale? | How the map is presented |
| What is scale of analysis? | How the data is presented |
| What is global scale? | The entire world is shown |
| What is regional scale? | Shows a specific region; Ex. Latin America |
| What is national scale? | Shows a specific state or country; Ex. Map of Russia |
| What is subnational scale? | Shows an area within a state or country; Ex. Quebec in Canada |
| What is local scale? | Shows a small area; Ex. A city or neighborhood |
| In order of scale--smallest to largest--what are the levels of scale? | Global, regional, national, subnational, and local |
| What is the emphasis of reference maps? | Location |
| What is the emphasis of thematic maps? | Spatial data or patterns |
| Which is more quantitative absolute or relative data? | Absolute |
| What is an absolute location? | fixed point; Ex. latitude and longitude, address |
| What is a relative location? | where something is relative to another place; Ex. Belton is west of Raymore |
| What is absolute distance? | physical unit of measurement; Ex. Miles, KM |
| What is relative distance? | time, effort, cost |
| What is absolute direction? | fixed frame of reference; North, South, East, West |
| What is relative direction? | left, right, up, down, forward, backward |
| What is a place? | A specific point on Earth |
| What is site? | The physical character of a place – the climate, water sources, topography, soil, vegetation, latitude, elevation |
| What is situation? | Where something is in relation to other places; physical, cultural, emotional attributes |
| What is a toponym? | The name given to a place |
| What is placelessness? | When the place is no longer special |
| What is space? | The physical gap or interval between two objects; the distribution of features Spatial is the adjective used to describe space. You will hear and use it quite a bit in this course. |
| What is distance decay? | The diminished importance and individual disappearance of a phenomena with increasing distance from its origin. |
| What is time-space compression? | The reduction in the time it takes to diffuse something to a distant place as a result of improved communications and transportation systems. |
| What are some causes of time-space compression? | Computer, cell-phone, internet saturation |
| What is cultural ecology? | The geographic study of human-environment interaction |
| What is environmental determinism? | A 19th and 20th century approach to geography which argued that the general laws sought by human geographers could be found in the physical sciences. |
| What is environmental Possibilism? | The theory that the physical environment may set limits on human actions, but people have the ability to adjust the environment and choose a course of action from many alternatives. |
| What is a map projection? | A system used to transfer locations from Earth’s surface to a flat map |
| What are the possible distortions a projection is guaranteed to cause at least one of? | Shape Size Distance Relative size Direction |
| What does the Mercator Projection do well and what is its distortion? | Advantages: Shows true direction, and good for navigation Distortions: Distorts area--size distorted increasingly near the poles |
| What does the Gall Peters Projection do well and what is its distortion? | Advantages: Shows true direction, and area is relatively precise Distortions: Distorts shape--continents appear elongated |
| What does the Robinson Projection do well and what is its distortion? | Advantages: A globe-like appearance that "looks real", and it distorts size and shape minorly Distortions: Imprecise measurements, flat near the poles and compressed near the equator. |
| What does the Polar Azithumal Projection do well and what is its distortion? | Advantages: Preserves direction, and when used from the point of the North Pole no country is seen as the center Distortions: Distorts shape and area, and only shows 1/2 of the Earth. |
| What shape are the Mercator Projection and the Gall Peters Projection? | Rectangle |
| What shape is the Robinson Projection? | Rounded rectangle |
| What shape is the Polar Azithumal Projection? | Square |
| What is a region? | an area defined by one or more distinctive characteristics |
| What is a formal region? | an area in which most people share in one or more distinctive characteristics |
| What is a functional region? | an area organized around a node or focal point |
| What is a vernacular/perceptual region? | an area that people believe exists as part of their cultural identity |
| What is density? | The frequency with which something occurs in a space |
| What is concentrations? | The extent of a feature spread out over space Clustered vs. Dispersed |
| What is a geographic pattern? | Geometric arrangement of a phenomenon |
| What are mental maps? | A representation of a portion of the Earth’s surface based on what an individual knows about a place that contains personal impressions of what is in the place and where the place is located. |
| What are isoline maps? | Maps that display lines that connect points of equal value |
| What are choropleth maps? | Maps that show patterns of a variable using colors or degrees of shading |
| What are proportional maps? | Maps that use symbols to display the frequency of some variable. The size of the symbol indicates frequency Sometimes called Graduated Symbol maps |
| What are dot density maps? | Maps that use equally sized dots to represent the frequency of a variable |
| What are cartograms? | A map that uses space (area) to show a particular variable |
| What are topographic maps? | Maps that show the contour lines of elevation, as well as urban and vegetation surface with road, building, river, and other natural landscape features |
| What are flow line maps? | A map that uses lines of varying thickness to show the direction and volume of a movement patterns |
| What is Wallerstein's World System Theory? | A political and economic model for economic development. It is a dependency model, meaning that countries are intertwined in a system and are dependent on each other. The model says there are 3 types of states: Core, Semiperiphery, Periphery |
| What is core dominance in Wallerstein's World System Theory? | Initial dominance of core states through industrialization, colonization, and imperialism. The core maintains its dominance by controlling the production of goods in the semiperiphery and periphery (Neocolonialism). Transnational corporations are cause. |
| In Wallerstein's World System Theory, what economic sector is the periphery in? | primary – resource extraction |
| In Wallerstein's World System Theory, what economic sector is the semiperiphery in? | Secondary (factories), tertiary (information based- call centers) |
| In Wallerstein's World System Theory, what economic sector is the core in? | Quaternary and Quinary (advanced service and technology). |
| In Wallerstein's World System Theory, how is the core described | Economically and politically dominant, strong military and allies, highly interconnected transportation and communication, infrastructure that supports economic activity, and control of the global market |
| In Wallerstein's World System Theory, how is the semiperiphery described | Have both core and periphery processes, in the process of industrialization, active in manufacturing and exporting goods, better transport and communication than the periphery, and potential to grow into the core |
| In Wallerstein's World System Theory, how is the periphery described? | Unstable governments, less wealth, less education than the core, export natural resources to the core, bad transportation and communication, and inadequate infrastructure for economic growth |
| What are the strengths of Wallerstein's World System Theory? | Simplicity Does a solid job of explaining the current global political and economic power structure The model can be used at different scales |
| What are the weaknesses of Wallerstein's World System Theory? | Based on industrial production, but many countries are now Post-Industrial. The model does not suggest that all states can move to the core. It does not explain how countries can improve their position. The model ignores cultural factors |
| What is the Brandt Line? | Created in the 1980s to explain the divide between the Global North and Global South; a little outdated with the rise of East Asia, but still relevant. |
| What are the BRICS states? | States that are emerging and may move from Semi-Periphery to Core. Useful way to remember semi-periphery countries, as well as something to look for when analyzing maps and charts. |
Created by:
Joshuaemer
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