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WH Exam Study Guide
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Stalin's 5-Year Plan | developing heavy industry and collectivizing agriculture, at the cost of a drastic fall in consumer goods. |
| Treaty of Versailles | a peace treaty signed on 28 June 1919. As the most important treaty of World War I, it ended the state of war between Germany and most of the Allied Powers. |
| How did Hitler think the Allies would react when he violated the Treaty of Versailles? | Hitler expected the Allies to fight against his regime after he violated the Treaty of Versailles. |
| Great Britain appeasement policy | the name given to Britain's policy in the 1930s of allowing Hitler to expand German territory unchecked. |
| What part of Czechoslovakia did Hitler take control of? | the Sudetenland |
| Hitler's invasion of Poland | a joint attack on the Republic of Poland by Nazi Germany, the Slovak Republic, and the Soviet Union; which marked the beginning of World War II. |
| Mudken Incident | a false flag event staged by Japanese military personnel as a pretext for the 1931 Japanese invasion of Manchuria. |
| In 1940, Japan was forced to decide what? | Japan was forced to decide which it needed more, Indochina's raw materials or U.S. oil and scrap iron. |
| December 7, 1941 | Pearl Harbor Attack, December 7, 1941. |
| Dunkirk | a 2017 historical war film written, directed and produced by Christopher Nolan that depicts the Dunkirk evacuation of World War II from the perspectives of the land, sea and air. |
| Blitzkrieg | an intense military campaign intended to bring about a swift victory. |
| Why did Hitler plan to conquer the Soviet Union? | He intended to destroy what he saw as Stalin's 'Jewish Bolshevist' regime and establish Nazi hegemony. |
| Battle of Stalingrad | the deadliest battle to take place during the Second World War. |
| Battle of Midway Island | a key battle to secure dominance in the Pacific in World War II. |
| Total War | a war that is unrestricted in terms of the weapons used, the territory or combatants involved, or the objectives pursued, especially one in which the laws of war are disregarded. |
| Yalta | the World War II meeting of the heads of government of the United States, the United Kingdom and the Soviet Union to discuss the postwar reorganization of Germany and Europe. |
| Tehran Conference in 1943 | a meeting between U.S. President Franklin Delano Roosevelt, British Prime Minister Winston Churchill, and Soviet Premier Joseph Stalin in Tehran, Iran, between November 28 and December 1, 1943. |
| Why did Truman want to avoid invasion of Japan? | He argued that the bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki forced the Japanese to surrender quickly, thus avoiding an invasion that would have cost the lives of thousands of Americans. |
| Nazi's Final Solution | Final Solution to the Jewish Question was a euphemism used by Nazi Germany's leaders. |
| Extermination camps | the Nazis built camps in German occupied Poland whose sole purpose was to kill people on an industrial scale. |
| Who were victims of Hitler? | Jews were the primary targets for mass murder by the Nazis and their collaborators. |
| Marshall Plan | named for Secretary of State George Marshall, who in 1947 proposed that the United States provide economic assistance to restore the economic infrastructure of postwar Europe. |
| The U.S. and Great Britain believed that the liberated nations of Eastern Europe should do what? | The United States and Great Britain believed that the liberated nations of Eastern Europe should freely determine their own governments. |
| Warsaw Pact | The Warsaw Pact was a collective defense treaty signed in Warsaw, Poland, between the Soviet Union and seven other Eastern Bloc socialist republics of Central and Eastern Europe in May 1955, during the Cold War. |
| Cold War | a period of geopolitical tension between the United States and the Soviet Union and their respective allies, |
| What country became communist in 1949 which in turn made the U.S. fear the spread of communism? | China. |
| Truman Doctrine | the principle that the US should give support to countries or peoples threatened by Soviet forces or Communist insurrection. |
| Colonel Gamal Abdel Nasser | an Egyptian politician who served as the second president of Egypt from 1954 until his death in 1970. Nasser led the Egyptian revolution of 1952 and introduced far-reaching land reforms the following year. |
| Fascist government | the creation of a nationalist dictatorship to regulate economic structure and to transform social relations within a modern, self-determined culture, and the expansion of the nation into an empire. |
| Nuremberg Laws | made Jews legally different from their non-Jewish neighbors. |
| Six-Day War | also known as the 1967 Arab–Israeli War or Third Arab–Israeli War, was fought between Israel and a coalition of Arab states (primarily Egypt, Syria, and Jordan) from 5 to 10 June 1967. |
| Policy of Containment | President Harry Truman's foreign policy that the US would provide political, military, and economic aid to democratic countries under the threat of communist influences in order to prevent the expansion of communism. |
| America feared what when the Soviet Union launched Sputnik I in 1957 | The fact that the Soviets were successful fed fears that the U.S. military had generally fallen behind in developing new technology. |
| Northern Ireland fighting in the 60's and 70's was against what two religious groups? | predominantly Catholic Ireland and predominantly Protestant England. |
| Red-Scare Movement | many in the United States feared recent immigrants and dissidents, particularly those who embraced communist, socialist, or anarchist ideology. |
| Why was the Berlin Wall built? | to keep so-called Western “fascists” from entering East Germany and undermining the socialist state, but it primarily served the objective of stemming mass defections from East to West. |
| Gorbachev soon realized that economic reform would not succeed without what? | Political reform. |
| How did President Carter protest the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan? | in response to the Soviet Union's invasion of Afghanistan in 1979. The embargo remained in effect until Ronald Reagan ended it in 1981 upon taking the office of president. |
| By 1980 what was the Soviet Union ailing from? | Balancing career, family, and leisure time. |
| European Union's first goals | promote peace, its values and the well-being of its citizens. |
| Why did Margaret Thatcher resign? | after a challenge was launched to her leadership, and was succeeded by John Major, the Chancellor of the Exchequer. |
| North American Free Trade Agreement | created a free trade zone for Mexico, Canada, and the United States, is the most important feature in the U.S.-Mexico bilateral commercial relationship. |
| Why did the U.S. join allies in fighting WWI? | Germany's resumption of submarine attacks on passenger and merchant ships in 1917 became the primary motivation behind Wilson's decision to lead the United States into World War I. |
| Major causes of WWI | the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria-Hungary. The Black Hand sent groups to assassinate the Archduke. |
| Military plan by German General von Schlieffen | in case of the outbreak of war, Germany would attack France first and then Russia. |
| Western front characteristic | defenses were constructed using sandbags and wood (called 'breastworks') and were heavily protected by barbed wire, the defining feature of the Western Front. |
| Central Powers | one of the two main coalitions that fought in World War I (1914–1918). |
| Militarism | the belief or desire of a government or people that a country should maintain a strong military capability and be prepared to use it aggressively to defend or promote national interests. |
| Third Reich | official Nazi designation for the regime in Germany from January 1933 to May 1945, as the presumed successor of the medieval and early modern Holy Roman Empire of 800 to 1806 (the First Reich) and the German Empire of 1871 to 1918 (the Second Reich). |
| Paris Peace Conference | at Versailles just outside Paris. The conference was called to establish the terms of the peace after World War I. |
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