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First aid
Bone joint and muscle injuries
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What are the two types of fractures? | Closed – Skin is intact, no wound present Open – Skin over fracture site is broken |
| How do you asses a fracture? | Check & treat ABC’s especially w/ hip Determine mechanism Remove or cut clothing to assess site Look for deformity or shortening Assess injury with DOTS |
| What is the acronym CSM? | Circulation – check distal pulses, radial and posterior tibial. With peds, do capillary refill Sensation – Squeeze fingers or toes. Best check for nerve damage. Movement – Inability to move comes later. Not always a good indicator. |
| What is a dislocation? | – joint comes apart and stays apart. Signs & symptoms same as fractures: deformity, severe pain and swelling. |
| What do you do about a dislocation? | Check CSM, use RICE & splint Do not try and reduce dislocation Get medical attention |
| What is a sprain? | Stretching and tearing of ligaments in a joint which is usually injured by twisting |
| How should sprains be treated? | Treat immediately with RICE: Rest – Injuries heal faster w/ rest Ice – 20 min. on, 20 min off, for 48 hours Compression – Use ace bandage. Elevation – Prop it up above level of heart |
| What is a strain? | Treat immediately with RICE:Rest – Injuries heal faster w/ restIce – 20 min. on, 20 min off, for 48 hoursCompression – Use ace bandage.Elevation – Prop it up above level of heart |
| What should you look for when there is a strain? | Muscle is stretched beyond it’s normal range of motion and tears. |
| How do you care for a contusion? | look for swelling, pain & bruising. Treat w/ RICE |
| What is a cramp? | muscle goes into uncontrolled spasm resulting in severe pain. |
| How do you relieve a cramp? | Stretch (extend) muscle as quickly as possible. |
Created by:
Mgoodall
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