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Chapter 9
Cardiovascular system
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| angi | vessel |
| angin | to choke |
| arteri | artery |
| ather | fatty substance, porridge |
| atri | atrium |
| auscultat | listen to |
| cardi | heart |
| chol | bile |
| circulat | circular |
| claudicat | to limp |
| corpro | body |
| cyan | dark blue |
| dilat | to widen |
| dynam | power |
| ech | reflected sound |
| electr | electricity |
| embol | a throwing in |
| glyc | sweet, sugar |
| hem | blood |
| infarct | infract |
| isch | to hold back |
| lipid | fat |
| lun | moon |
| man | thin |
| anastomosis | opening condition |
| aneurysm | abnormal widening or ballooning of a portion of an artery due to weakness in the wall of the blood vessel |
| angina pectoris | chest pain that occurs when diseased blood vessels restrict blood flow to the heart. |
| angioma | tumor of a blood vessel |
| angioplasty | surgical repair of blood vessels or a nonsurgical technique for treating diseased arteries by temporarily inflating a tiny balloon inside an artery |
| angiostenosis | pathological condition of the narrowing of a blood vessel |
| arrhythmia | irregularity or loss of rhythm of the heartbeat |
| arterial | pertaining to an artery |
| arteriosclerosis | artery hardening condition |
| arteritis | inflammation of an artery |
| artificial pacemaker | electronic device that stimulates impulse initiation within the heart. It is a small, battery operated device that helps the heart beat in a regular rhythm. |
| atheroma | tumor of an artery containing a fatty substance |
| atherosclerosis | Pathological condition of the arteries characterized by the buildup of fatty substances and hardening of the walls. |
| auscultation | method of physical assessment using a stethoscope to listen to sounds within the chest,abdomen, and other parts of the body. |
| automated external defibrillator AED | portable automatic device used to restore normal heart rhythm to patients in cardiac arrest. |
| bicuspid | value with two cusps; pertaining to the mitral value |
| bradycardia | abnormally slow heartbeat defined as fewer than 60 beats per minute |
| bruit | pathological noise; a sound of venous or arterial origin heard on auscultation |
| cardiac | the heart |
| cardiac arrest | loss of effective heart function, which results in cessation of functional circulation. Sudden cardiac arrest results in sudden death |
| cardiologist | physician who specializes in the study of the heart |
| cardiology | study of the heart |
| cardiomegaly | enlargement of the heart |
| cardiomyopathy | disease of the heart muscle that leads to generalized deterioration of the muscle and its pumping ability. |
| cardiopulmonary | heart and lungs |
| cardiotonic | pertaining to the heart and lungs |
| cardiovascular CV | pertaining to the heart and small blood vessels |
| cardioversion | heart turning process |
| cholesterol | bile solid |
| circulation | the moving of the blood in the veins and arteries throughout the body |
| claudication | to limp process |
| constriction | process of drawing together, as in the narrowing of a vessel |
| coronary artery bypass graft | surgical procedure to assist blood flow to the myocardium by using a section of a saphenous vein or internal mammary artery to bypass or reroute blood around an obstructed or occluded coronary artery, thus improving blood flow and oxygen to the heart. |
| coronary artery disease CAD | Most common form of heart disease; it is a progressive disease that increases the risk of myocardial infarction and sudden death. |
| cyanosis | abnormal condition of the skin and mucous membranes caused by oxygen deficiency in the blood. |
| defibrillator | medical device used to restore a normal heart rhythm by delivering an electric shock |
| diastole | relaxation phase of the heart cycle during which the heart muscle relaxes and the heart chambers fill with blood. |
| dysrhythmia | abnormality of the rhythm or rate of the heartbeat. |
| embolism | pathological condition caused by obstruction of a blood vessel by foreign substances or a blood clot |
| endarterectomy | surgical excision of the inner lining of an artery |
| endocarditis | inflammation of the endocardium usually involving the heart values. |
| extracorporeal circulation ECC | pertaining to the circulation of the blood outside the body via a heart-lung machine or in hemodialysis |
| fibrillation | fibrils (small fibers) process |
| flutter | pathological rapid heart rate that may cause cardiac output to be decreased |
| heart failure | pathological condition in which the heart loses its ability to pump blood efficiently |
| heart-lung transplant | surgical procedure of transferring the heart and lungs form a donor to a patient |
| heart transplant | surgical procedure of transferring the heart from a donor to a patient |
| hemangioma | Benign tumor of a blood vessel |
| hemodynamic | the dynamic study of the heart's function and movement of the blood and pressure. |
| hyperlipidemia | abnormal high levels of lipids (fatty substances) in the blood. |
| hypertension HTN | High blood pressure HBP is defined as elevated systolic pressure above 140 or diastolic pressure above 90 with at least two readings on separate office visits. |
| hypotension | low blood pressure |
| infarction | process of development of an infarct, which is death of tissue resulting from obstruction of blood flow |
| ischemia | condition in which there is a lack of oxygen due to decreased blood supply to a party of the body caused by constriction or obstruction of a blood vessel. |
| lipoprotein | Fat (lipid) and protein molecules that are bound together. |
| mitral stenosis MS | pathological condition of narrowing of the mitral value (biscuspid valve) orifice |
| mitral valve prolapse MVP | Pathological condition that occurs when the leaflets of the mitral value between the left atrium and left ventricle bulge into the atrium and permit backflow of blood into the atrium. |
| murmur | an abnormal sound ranging from soft and blowing to loud and booming heard on ausculation of the heart and adjacent large blood vessels. |
| myocardial | pertaining to the heart muscle |
| myocardial infarction MI | Occurs when a focal are of heart muscle dies or is permanently damaged because of an inadequte supply of oxygen to that area; also know as a heart attack. |
| myocarditis | inflammation of the heart muscle that is usually caused by viral, bacterial, or fungal infections that reach the heart. |
| occlusion | to close up process |
| oximetry | process of measuring the oxygen saturation of the blood. |
| oxygen | colorless, odorless, tasteless gas essential to respiration in animals |
| palpitation | throbbing process |
| percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty PTCA | use of a balloon-tipped catheter to compress fatty plaques against an artery wall. |
| pericardial | pertaining to the pericardium, the sac surrounding the heart |
| pericardiocentesis | surgical procedure to remove fluid from the pericardial sac for therapeutic or diagnostic purposes. |
| peripheral artery disease PAD | Pathological condition in which fatty deposits build up in the inner lining of the artery walls. |
| phlebitis | literally means inflammation of a vein |
| phlebotomy | medical term used to describe the puncture of a vein to withdraw blood for analysis |
| Raynaud phenomenon | Disorder that affects the blood vessels in the fingers and toes; it is characterized by intermittent attacks that cause the blood vessels in the digits to constrict. |
| rheumatic heart disease | pathological condition in which permanent damage to heart valves is a result of a prior episode or rheumatic fever. |
| semilunar | valves of the aorta and pulmonary artery; shaped like a crescent (half-moon) |
| septum | wall or partition that divides or separates a body space or cavity |
| shock | a life-threatening condition that occurs when the body is not getting enough blood flow. |
| sinoatrial SA | pertaining to the sinus venosus and the atrium |
| sphygmomanometer | medical instrument used to measure the arterial blood pressure |
| spider veins | dilated blood vessels, typically found in the legs, that radiate from a central point |
| stent | medical device made of expandable, metal mesh that is placed at the site of a narrowing artery. |
| stethoscope | medical instrument used to listen to the normal and pathological sounds of the heart, lungs, and other internal organs. |
| systole | contractive phase of the heart cycle during which blood is forced into the systemic circulation via the aorta and the pulmonary circulation via the pulmonary artery |
| tachycardia | rapid heartbeat that is over 100 beats per minute |
| telangiectasis | vascular lesion formed by dilatation of a group of small blood vessels; can appear as a birthmark or be caused by long-term exposure to the sun |
| thrombophlebitis | inflammation of a vein associated with the formation of a thrombus (blood clot). |
| thrombosis | a blood clot within the vascular system; stationary blood clot |
| tricuspid | valve with three cusps; pertaining to the tricuspid value |
| triglyceride | pertaining to an organic compound consisting of three molecules of fatty acids |
| valve replacement surgery | surgical replacement of diseased heart valve with an artificial one. |
| valvuloplasty | surgical repair of a cardiac valve |
| varicose veins | swollen,dilated, and knotted veins that usually occur in the lower leg(s). |
| vasoconstrictive | causing constriction of the blood vessels |
| vasodilator | medicine that acts directly on smooth muscle cells within blood vessels to make them widen (dilate) |
| vasospasm | spasms of a blood vessel |
| veinpuncture | puncture of a vein for the removal of blood for analysis |
| ventricular | pertaining to a cardiac ventricle |
| mitr | mitral value |
| my | muscle |
| occlus | to close up |
| ox/i | oxygen |
| oxy | sour, sharp, acid |
| palpit | throbbing |
| pector | chest |
| phleb | vein |
| pulmon | lung |
| rrhythm | rhythm |
| scler | hardening |
| sept | a partition |
| sin | a curve |
| sphygm | pulse |
| sten | narrowing |
| steth | chest |
| thromb | clot of blood |
| valvul | value |
| vas | vessel |
| vascul | small vessel |
| ven | vein |
| ventricul | ventricle |
| vers | turning |
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