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High Middle Ages
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Magna Carta | a charter of liberties, it made the king obey the same laws as citizens |
| King John I | signed the Magna Carta that put the king under the law. |
| King Henry II (1154-1189) | King of England who first used common law and the jury system in England. |
| Czar | From Latin caesar, this Russian title for a monarch was first used in reference to a Russian ruler by Ivan III (r. 1462-1505). |
| Hugh Capet | King of France elected in 987 and founding the Capetian dynasty (940-996) established the French capital at Paris |
| Crusades (1095-1291) | Series of wars and pilgrimages with the goals of retaking the Holy Land for Christians; originally called in 1095 by Pope Urban II after a request from the Emperor of Byzantine and the Patriarch of the Eastern Orthodox church |
| King Richard I | King of England, he led Christian soldiers in the Third Crusade. He earned the respect of his enemies as well as Christian soldiers for his bravery and his fairness. |
| Pope Urban II | pope who called for the first crusade to reclaim Jerusalem from the Muslims |
| First Crusade (1096-1099) | Most successful; two groups. First was the unskilled peasants. They reached the Holy Land in 3 years and won. |
| Fourth Crusade (1202-1204) | Expedition originally intended to recapture Jerusalem and other sites holy to Christians from Muslims, but diverted by Venetian merchants to the sacking of Constantinople in 1204. Byzantine forces recaptured the capital in 1261. |
| Saladin | The leader of the Muslims in the third crusade and captured Jerusalem in 1187. |
| Political, Social and economic impact of the Crusades | Weakened the power of the Pope, stimulated trade, deepened bitterness between Christians and Muslims, and ended the Byzantine Empire, encouraged the use of credit and banking. |
| While Europe was fighting Crusades | Asia was being invaded by Mongols in Russia, Middle East, and China |
| Black Death/Bubonic Plague | This killed between one-third and two-thirds of the population in less than five years (@ 1354), The epidemic spanned from China to England to North Africa, transmitted along the Silk Road and other trade routes. |
| Cause of Black Death | Fleas on rats |
| Black Death blamed as | God's punishment for the sins of Europe. |
Created by:
Mrs. Kaminski
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