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Geriatrics #4 review
geriatrics #4 dig, urin, repro,nerve,endo,and drug therapy
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| changes in digestive system for the following | . |
| saliva production | decreased swallowing difficulties |
| tooth enamel and what it causes | thinner risk for cavities/staining enamel |
| peristalsis and what it causes | wave like muscle contraction that passes fooddysphasia and constipation |
| liver finction and what it causes | decrease functionenyzymes increase drop toxicity |
| hiatal hernia and lifestyle treatment | stomach protrudes up through the diaphram gastric contents come up GERD decreased sphincter muscle |
| gastric mucosa and what this can cause | mucosa thins increase risk for ulcers peptic ulcer |
| gastric secretions and what this can cause | decrease difficult or slow digestion or indigestion |
| Know the following changes in the urinary system | . |
| bladder capacity | decreases |
| spincter control | decreases |
| kidney filtration and it affects drug excretion | filtration decreases decreased nephrons increase toxicity |
| risk of UTI | increase risk not able to rid of toxinsincontinent inability to control bowel or bladder |
| what is stress in continence | inability to control bladder due to coughing sneezing laughing running jumping |
| Know the following reproductive changes | . |
| menopause | cessation of ovulation/menses for 1yr with no apparent cause not able to sleep dryness 42-58 |
| uterine and ovarian size function | both atrophy and get smaller decreased function during menopause |
| vaginal walls | thinner, drier, causes atropic vaginitis |
| prostate gland | enlarges, BPH |
| what is atropic vaginitis | vaginal wall atrophy and thinwalls get thinner/drier cause burning,itching,irratation,painful intercourse |
| what is BPH | enlarged prostate non cancerous due to aging |
| what are the symptoms of BPH | urgency,decrease strength of stream,difficulty starting urination, dribbling, painful urination |
| what increases the risk of DM in the elderly patient | decrease insulin from decrease pancreas function increases the risk of diabetes (DM) |
| how is DM treated | insulin,diet control,exercise, wt. loss, oral hypoglycemia to stimulate pancreas, occurs in ger pt cause pancreas does not produce as much insulin |
| what happens to the number of neurons (nerve cells) | decreases |
| what condition does decreased nerve cells cause | blood flow decrease, contributes to fine tremors, memory loss |
| what happens to blood flow to the brain | decreases |
| what conditions does decrease blood flow | memory loss, CVA/TIA |
| what causes alzheimer's disease | most common form of senile dementia |
| what affects drug absorbtion and distribution in the elderly | decrease kidney filtration,liver function,increase drug levels in blood flow |
| list 3 interventions to help decrease the risk of grug toxicity | decrease drug doses,check drug levels periodically, assess liver and kidney function prior to precribing the drug |
| know the defination of polypharmacy | inappropriate and excessive drug/medication use in the elderly |
| what common GI side effects are caused by many medications | nausea,vomiting,diarrhea,constipation,indigestion,loss of appetite |
| remember that side effects of drugs can look like symptoms of a disease and symptoms of a disease can look like side effects | this can make it difficult to diagnose elderly patients |
| also remember that the elderly experience twice as many side effects from medications as younger people | example-coumadin-check with blood work |
Created by:
vinnydog
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