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Totalitarianism

QuestionAnswer
Definition of Totalitarianism A system of govt where the govt has control of politics, law, economy, & social conditions. dictatorship or authoritarian govt. communism & fascism are 20th cen. examples
Ideology sets goals of the state, glorifies aims of the state, justifies govt actions
Important People Stalin & Lenin - Communism, Mustafa Kamal - Nationalist, Hitler & Mussolini & Emperor Hirohito/Tojo - Fascist
How do people’s standard of living impact their emotions? If there's a strong economy, then people have jobs, housing, food, healthcare, & safety - ppl are mostly happy. But if there's a weak economy, there's high unemployment, homelessness, & lack of safety - ppl are sad/angry
How do those emotions then drive their behavior and their beliefs about their government? If ppl are happy, they generally support the govt and they want stability or slow change (current system to continue). If ppl are angry, the disapprove of the govt and they want changes, local reforms, riots, revolutions, & support for a dictator
USSR under Stalin: Political control Stalin removed anyone who complained by murder, gulags (prison camps), exile, etc. In 1930s, Stalin conducted Great Purge and killed thousands at a time. Cheka=soviet secret police renamed the NKVD under Stalin
USSR under Stalin: Economic control; Holodomor Stalin wanted command economy, ended NEP and replaced with 5 year plan: focused on industrializing the USSR-->steel, rainroads & heavy industry ^ but very few consumer goods were made.
USSR under Stalin: Social control Propaganda, scapegoats, cult of personality replaced Russian Orthodox Christian Church: 1920s-1930s church members were shot or sent to labor camps, controlled youth and worker groups, artists were only supported if they glorified USSR
Characteristics of Fascism 1) extreme nationalism: leaders believe supremacy based on race religion ethnicity nationality 2) cult of personality: regimes make images of leaders= great figures thru prpgnda 3) popular mobilization: F demand mandatory public participation in society
fascism vs communism: Similarities 1)totalitarian, strong central govt 2)no citizens political participation 3)command/corporate econ. 4)leaders claim ruling to "benefit society" 5)control society by terror 6)get followers by propaganda 7)popular bc leaders promised to fix econ.
Characteristics of Totalitarianism: State control of individuals Government control of all aspects of life, denial of civil/human rights, demands loyalty, denies basic liberties, expects personal sacrifice for the good of the state, judicial system that serves the state
Characteristics of Totalitarianism: Methods of Enforcement police terror, indoctrination, censorship, persecution, violence against opponents
Characteristics of Totalitarianism: Modern Tech mass communication to spread propaganda, advanced military weapons
Characteristics of Totalitarianism: State Control of Society Business, religion, labor, arts, housing, personal life, education, and youth groups all controlled by the state. Command/corporate economy
Characteristics of Totalitarianism: Dictatorship One party rule, exercises absolute authority, dominates govt
Characteristics of Totalitarianism: dynamic leader unites people, symbolizes govt, encourages popular support through force of will
Characteristics of Totalitarianism: Historical ex.) Nazi Germany, USSR, People's Rep. of China
Fascism a mass political movement that emphasizes extreme nationalism, militarism, and supremacy of both nation & single powerful leader
5 Stages of Fascism: Stage 1 Emerging out of disillusionment: using ppls current unhappiness to take power-Hitler promised to tear Treaty of Versailles
5 Stages of Fascism: Stage 2 Establishing legitimacy as a political party: created own political parties- Hitler created Germany's Nazi Party that falsely accused Jews and left wing of destroying war effort.
5 Stages of Fascism: Stage 3 Gaining power via right wing partnerships: Great D pushed Euros to political extremes = conservatism & socialism-->C partnered w/ F bc of shared hatred of left S. Conserv. partnered w/ Nazis-->wanted to use Hitler to get power then get rid of him (failed)
5 Stages of Fascism: Stage 4 Using power to dominate institutions: Nazis took total control over government and society. Hitler removed all non-Nazis from government after becoming chancellor in 1933-->G became one-party country
5 Stages of Fascism: Stage 5 Implementing radical reforms: Nazi G only example of full radicalization of F movement: w/ absolute control/fuhrer, H exercised power in more radical ways at home & abroad: destroyed all political opposition; invaded euro countries and launched WWII
fascism vs communism: differences 1) econ. policy:F=support private property if followed govt rules, C=no PP 2)foreign policy:F=nationalist, C=internationalist, workers should unite 3)F=diff. social classes C=no social class 4)Supporters:F=business leaders & wealthy, C=workers
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