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Digestive system
Chapter 8
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Absorpt/o | to take in |
| aden/o | gland |
| aliment/o | nourishment |
| amyl/o | starch |
| anabol/o | building up |
| append/o | appendix |
| appendic/o | appendix |
| bil/i | gall/bile |
| bucc/o | cheek |
| catabol/o | casting down |
| celi/o | abdomen, belly |
| cheil/o | lip |
| chol/e | gall/bile |
| choledoch/o | common bile duct |
| cirrh/o | orange-yellow |
| col/o | colon |
| colon/o | colon |
| cyst/o | bladder |
| dent/o | tooth |
| diverticul/o | diverticula |
| duoden/o | duodenum |
| enter/o | intestine |
| esophage/o, esphag/o | esophagus |
| gastr/o | stomach |
| gingiv/o | gums |
| gloss/o | tongue |
| glyc/o | sweet, sugar |
| halit/o | breath |
| hemat/o | blood |
| hemorrh/o | vein liable to bleed |
| hepat/o | liver |
| herni | hernia |
| ile/o | ileum |
| labi/o | lip |
| lapar/o | abdomen |
| lingu/o | tongue |
| odont/o | tooth |
| pancreat/o | pancreas |
| pept/o | digestion |
| pharynge/e, pharyng/o | pharynx |
| pil/o | hair |
| prand/i | meal |
| proct/o | anus and rectum |
| pylor/o | pylorus, gatekeeper |
| rect/o | rectum |
| sial/o | saliva, salivary |
| sigmoid/o | sigmoid |
| splen/o | spleen |
| stomat/o | mouth |
| verm/i | worm |
| absorption | process by which nutrient material is transferred from the gastrointestinal tract into the bloodstream of lymph |
| amylase | enzyme that breaks down starch. Ptyalin is a salivary amylase and amylopisn is a pancreatic amylase |
| anabolism | building up of body substances in the constructive phase of metabolism. |
| anorexia | lack of appetite; decreased desire for food |
| appendectomy | surgical excision of the appendix |
| appendicitis | inflammation of the appendix |
| ascites | significant accumulation of serous fluids in the peritoneal cavity |
| biliary | bile |
| bilirubin | orange-colored bile pigment produced by the separation of hemoglobin into parts that are excreted by the liver cells |
| black hairy tongue | condition in which the tongue is covered by hair like papillae entagled with threads produced by fungi or by bacteria. Caused by poor oral hygiene or overgrowth of fungi due to antibiotic therapy. |
| bowel | intestine; the long tube in the body that stores and then eliminate waste out of the body |
| buccal | cheek |
| catabolism | casting down; in metabolism a breaking of complex substances into more basic elements |
| celiac | abdomen |
| cheilosis | abnormal condition of the lip as seen in riboflavin and other B- complex deficiencies |
| cholecystectomy | surgical excision of the gallbladder. |
| cholecystits | inflammation of the gallbladder |
| choledochotomy | surgical incision of the common bile duct |
| cirrhosis | chronic degenerative live disease characterized by changes in the lobes; parenchymal cells and the lobules are infilitrated with fat |
| colectomy | surgical excision of part of the colon |
| colon cancer | Malignancy of the colon; sometimes called colorectal cancer |
| colonoscope | thin, lighted, flexible instrument that is used to view the interior of the colon during a colonscopy |
| colonscopy | visual examination of the colon via a colonoscope |
| colostomy | colon new opening |
| constipation | infrequent passage of unduly hard and dry feces; difficult defecation |
| Crohn disease | chronic autoimmune disease that can affect any part of the gastrointestinal tract but most commonly occur in the ileum |
| dentalalgia | pain in a tooth; toothache |
| dentition | type, number, and arrangement of teeth in the dental arch |
| diarrhea | frequent passage of unformed watery stool |
| diverticulitis | diverticula inflammation |
| duodenal | duodenum |
| dysentery | an intestinal disease characterized by inflammation of the mucous membrane |
| dyspepsia | difficulty in digestion; indigestion |
| dysphagia | difficulty in swallowing |
| emesis | vomiting |
| enteric | small intestine |
| enteritis | inflammation of small intestine |
| enzyme | protein substance capable of causing rapid chemical changes in other substances without being changed itself |
| epigastric | to the region above the stomach |
| eructation | belching |
| esophageal | pertaining to the esophagus |
| feces | body waste discharged from the bowel by way of the anus; bowel movement (BM), stool, excreta |
| flatus | literally means a blowing in Latin; the expelling of gas from the anus. The average person passes 400-1200 mL of gas each day. |
| gastrectomy | surgical excision of a part of or the whole stomach |
| gastric | stomach |
| gastroenteritis | inflammation of the stomach and intestine |
| gastroenterologist | physician who specializes in the stomach and intestine |
| gastroenterology | study of the stomach and intestine |
| gastroesophageal | stomach and esophagus |
| gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) | condition that occurs when the muscle between the esophagus and the stomach, the lower esophageal sphincter, is weak or relaxes inappropriately, allowing the stomach's contents to back up (reflex) into the esophagus. |
| gavage | to feed liquid or semiliquid food via a tube (stomach or nasogastric [NG]) |
| gingivitis | inflammation of the gums |
| glossectomy | tongue excision |
| glycogenesis | formation of glycogen from glucose |
| halitosis | bad breath |
| hematemesis | vomiting of blood |
| hemorrhoid | mass of dilated, tortuous veins in the anorectum; can be internal or external |
| hepatitis | inflammation of the liver |
| hernia | abnormal protrusion of an organ or a part of an organ through the wall of the body cavity that normally contains it. |
| Herniorrhaphy | surgical repair of hernia |
| hyperemesis | excessive vomiting |
| hypogastric | below the stomach |
| inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) | Broad term that describes conditions with chronic or recurring abnormal immune response and inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract. |
| intussusception | the slipping or telescoping of one part of an intestine into another part just bellow it; noted chiefly i n children and occuring in the ileocecal region |
| ileostomy | the surgical creation of a new opening through the abdominal wall into the ileum |
| irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) | disorder that affects the muscular contractions of the colon and interferes with its normal functioning; characterized by a group of symptoms, including crampy abdominal pain. |
| labial | pertaining to the lip |
| laparotomy | surgical incision into the abdomen |
| lavage | to wash out a cavity. Gastric lavage is used to remove or dilute gastric contents in case of acute poisoning or ingestion of a caustic substance. |
| laxative | substance that acts to loosen the bowel |
| lingual | tongue |
| malabsorption | an inadequate absorption of nutrients from the intestinal tract |
| mastication | chewing the physical breaking up of food and mixing with saliva in the mouth |
| melena | black, tarry feces (stool) that has a distinctive odor and contains digested blood; usually results from bleeding in the upper GI tract; can be a sign of a peptic ulcer |
| mesentery | pertaining to the peritoneal fold encircling the small intestine and connecting the intestine to the posterior abdominal wall |
| nausea | uncomfortable feeling of the inclination to vomit |
| pancreatitis | inflammation of the pancreas |
| paralytic ileus | paralysis of the intestines that causes distension and symptoms of acute bowel obstruction and prostration |
| peptic | gastric digestion |
| peptic ulcer disease (PUD) | disease in which an ulcer forms in the mucosal wall of the stomach, the pylorus, the duodenum, or the esophagus. |
| periodontal | pertaining to the area around the tooth |
| periodontal disease | inflammation and degeneration of the gums and surrounding bone, which frequently causes loss of the teeth |
| peristalsis | wavelike contraction that occurs involuntarily in hollow tubes of the body, especially the alimentary canal. |
| pharyngeal | pharynx |
| pilonidal cyst | closed sac in the crease of the sacrococcygeal region caused by a developmental defect that permits epithelial tissue and hair to be trapped below the skin and cause pain or swelling above the area of the anus or near the tailbone. |
| postprandial (PP) | after a meal |
| probiotics | live microorganisms that, when administered in adequate amounts, confer a health benefit on the digestive system. In the united states, probiotics are available as dietary supplements and in dairy foods. |
| proctoscope | anus and rectum instrument for examining |
| pyloric | pertaining to the gatekeeper, the opening between the stomach and the duodenum. pylorus. |
| rectocele | Hernia of part of the rectum into the vagina |
| sialadenitis | inflammation of a salivary gland |
| sigmoidoscope | an instrumetn used in a medical procedure to view the interior of the sigmoid colon |
| splenomegaly | enlargement of the spleen |
| stomatitis | inflammation of the mouth |
| sublingual | below the tongue |
| ulcerative colitis | disease that causes inflammation and ulcers in the lining of the large intestine. The inflammation usually occurs in the rectum and lower part of the colon. |
| vermiform | shaped like a worm; the vermiform appendix is so named because of its worm-like shape. |
| volvulus | twisting of the bowel on itself that causes an obstruction |
| vomit | to eject stomach contents through the mouth |
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